ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LAB AND EXERCISES)

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1 ENVIRONMENT AND COMPUTER LABORATORY I ESD.EA: ESD, MODULE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (LAB AND EXERCISES) Stephan Pfister ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Engineering, Ecological Systems Design Group ECL 1; introduction Zurich, September 22, 2015

2 Setting Lecture: Advanced Environmental, Social and Economic Assessment (6 ECTS) 5 ECTS Corresponding Software Lab and Exercise: Environment and Computer Laboratory I (Lab and project work) Project work (LCA report and review) is mandatory and results an additional ECTS (part of the lecture) +1 ECTS 2.25 ECTS 2

3 Lectures Two options: Major = A, otherwise B (3 ECTS) 3

4 Goal Advanced knowledge in LCA Know important software tools Perform a real life cycle assessment of a case study Do a critical review on a study from a colleague Work independently (critical thinking) 4

5 Lab Class: Tuesdays , HIL E15.2 Date Topic Lecturer 22/09/2015 Introduction, SimaPro Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary 29/09/2015 SimaPro / Q&A project work Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary 20/10/2015 Comparing LCI databases Rolf Frischknecht 27/10/2015 Aveny LCA (uncertainty) Stephan Pfister, Abhishek Chaudhary 3/11/2015 Q&A project work Stephan Pfister 10/11/2015 Risk Assesssment: / USETOX Stephan Pfister, Catherine Raptis 17/11/2015 STAN: MFA software* Florian Suter, Abhishek Chaudhary 24/11/2015 MATLAB: Uncertainty Modelling Bernhard Steubing, Laura Scherer 1/12/2015 Optimization techniques Carl Vadenbo 15/12/2015 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Judit Lienert Specific information through s and polybox folder 5

6 Organisational aspects (I) Webpage: Project description: Communication via lists Please register for the class ASAP Documents shared through polybox (uploads of deliverables) Google form by September 27, 2015 Choose case (building / gas) Choose partner (if any) Accept SimaPro user agreement 6

7 Organisational aspects (II) LCA study Work individually or in teams of 2 students Review: Deadline concept: October 31, 2015 Deadline LCA report: December 12, 2015 Deadline: December 19,

8 Grading The LCA report and review are evaluated and graded (concept 10%, report 65%; review 25%) for the lab part (~2.25 ECTS) for the extra credit point (counts as 15% of the lecture Advanced Environmental, Social and Economic Assessment ) 8

9 LCA case studies Biogas: Assess the environmental impact of biogas in comparison to other alternatives Buildings Assess the environmental impact of wood and concrete buildings based on different energy standards Analyze specific issues of advanced LCA 9

10 Main tasks Define goal and scope Functional unit System boundaries Describe simplifications & included/neglected aspects Analyze system (LCI & LCIA) Compare alternatives under uncertainty Interpret results and improve the model Critical review: 10

11 11

12 Example: rough LCA of silverware Fork: 53g, 4.90 CHF Spoon: 65g, 4.90 CHF Knife: 100 g, 5.90 CHF ecoinvent process: chromium steel 18/8 -> Knife blade is chromium steel 13/0, no process -> assess 100 /200 g of steel 12

13 LCA results in 5 minutes 1kg Chromium steel 18/8, at plant 0.6 RECIPE points 4.5 kg CO 2-eq (100 years) 1 kg Swiss sugar: 0.05 RECIPE points 0.50 kg CO 2-eq (100 years) -> 1 knife ~ 2kg sugar, 1 spoon/fork ~ 1 kg sugar 13

14 Hints Buildings Hints ecoinvent processes: Building, hall, steel construction/ch/i U Building, hall, wood construction/ch/i U Building, multi-storey/rer/i U Hint ecoinvent report: 07_BuildingProducts.pdf; page 41ff. Hints Minergie / Minergie P: Annual overall energy demand (hot water and heating): Minergie P: 30 kwh/m2 Minergie: 38 kwh/m2 Typical insulation (e.g. Polystyrene): Minergie P: 35cm Minergie: 25cm Indoor exposure: Check indoor exposure exercise for adjusting factors 14

15 Issue Tool/Sources Class Building Adjust generic dataset for building incl. use phase to specific SimaPro, ecoinvent reports, 1 building Materials on Polybox Compare wood vs. concrete building (simplified approach) SimaPro / ecoinvent / Hints on 1 Polybox Electricity mix for heating: adjust the electricity mix in the SimaPro / ecoinvent 1 ecoinvent dataset for heat exchange pump (e.g. Swiss vs. Germany electricity mix) Uncertainty assessment: Analyse your final system comparison Aveny LCA / Matlab 1 including uncertainties in the foreground process Determine the carbon footprint and compare it to an assessment according to an LCIA assessment for the category climate change according to IPCC methodology. Discuss the differences (e.g. future vs. current emissions & time horizon) Assess indoor exposure (exercise sheet) and compare the impact to the overall human toxicity score of the building according to the USEtox method Perform a Life Cycle Costing analysis Compare results using LCI datasets from different databases and discuss the results critically Based on lecture material 2 Exercise sheet / USETOX 2 Based on LCC report provided 2 on Polybox Ecoinvent / ILCD 2 15

16 Hints Natural Gas Hint ecoinvent report: 17_Bioenergy, page 177ff. Hints allocation: Table Check allocation for biogas and waste Use avoided burden concept for Biogas from waste for comparison with biogas from crops 16

17 Issue Tool/Sources Class Analyze different biogas production options in the Swiss biogas mix SimaPro, ecoinvent reports, 1 and compare them Materials on Polybox Compare natural vs. biogas used in a car and discuss the different SimaPro/ecoinvent 1 impacts (especially emissions after digestion) Discuss allocation issue with waste management considering of Based on ecoinvent report (as 1 different techniques (avoided burden, economic allocation) indicated in the hints) Uncertainty assessment: Analyze your final system comparison including uncertainties in the foreground process Aveny LCA / Matlab 1 Determine the carbon footprint and compare it to an assessment according to an LCIA assessment for the category climate change according to IPCC methodology. Discuss the differences (e.g. different emissions & time horizon or land use change emissions) Based on lecture material 2 Compare results from pesticide use in feedstock (crops grown for biogas) production using LCIA methods and the USETOX tool Analyze the land use impacts for biogas feedstock from two different locations and two different crops (applying spatially explicit impact assessment) Compare results using LCI datasets from different databases and discuss the results critically USETOX/SimaPro 2 Lecture material/ecoinvent 2 Ecoinvent / ILCD 2 17

18 INTRODUCTION TO SIMAPRO HOW TO MODEL? Stephan Pfister ETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental Engineering, Ecological Systems Design Group Based on material from: An De Schryver & Ronnie Juraske (2011) ETH Zurich, 2014

19 STRUCTURE OF SIMAPRO Databases, libraries, processes and product stages Software program: Managing of data Storing of data Making calculations Check the reliability LCI LCIA Intepretation

20 Structure of SimaPro Database Libraries Ecoinvent BUWAL 77 numbered *.nx1 files Ecoinvent BUWAL ETH- General data Project 1 1 kg Planks 0, ,25 tkm 0,72 MJ Truck 28t B250 Electricity Netherlands B Project 2 1 p Life cy cle model Sima (plastic) 12,6 Units Subst. Images Project A 3,6 MJ Electricity, low voltage, production UCTE, at 0, p dispose aluminium part -1,24 0,5 tkm Transport, lorry 28t/CH S demo 0,0109 1,5 kg Recycling only B250 avoided demo -1,28 Project B Pro 0,48 MJ Heat diesel B250 0,22 MJ Electricity from coal B250 0,353 MJ Electricity from gas B250 1,35E3 MJ Electricity, low v oltage, 3,65E3 p Use of a cof f ee f ilter 1,5 kg Recycling aluminium S demo -1,28 0, , , ,62 1,31 3,65E3 p Filter production 1,19 9,49 kg Municipal waste NL 2002 S demo 0,927 7,4 kg Paper, wood-containing, 1,13 8,12 kg Incineration S demo 0,

21 SimaPro libaries Two types of libraries: One Method library 14 different impact assessment methods within SimaPro Number of Data libraries 2 types: Based on physical values: ex, the use of 1kg of paper Based on financial values: ex, the use of 1$ of paper (input-output libraries) 21

22 Ecoinvent library (ecoinvent 2.2) More than 4000 processes Including capital goods, Good quality For some processes: regional differences (Swiss and average Europe) American, Asian electricity mixes, agricultural processes, Uncertainty in the data (MC) In SimaPro picture provided with most processes Consistent and well documented Updated regularly Includes Unit processes and System processes For more info:

23 New: Ecoinvent library (ecoinvent 3.1) More than processes Including capital goods, Good quality For some processes: regional differences (Swiss and average Europe) American, Asian electricity mixes, agricultural processes, New compared to version 2.2: 3 system models (different allocation): In SimaPro In ecoinvent Allocation, ecoinvent default" also known as APOS system model (Allocation at the Point of Substitution) Allocation, cut-off by classification" or cut-off system model in short substitution, consequential, long-term" also known as consequential system model 23

24 Ecoinvent processes Unit processes: large network for every process System processes: aggregated data (one box per process) Process B Process A Process C Why? Process A Process A Process D Process E Process B Process C Process D Process E Process F Process G Process F Process G 24

25 ecoinvent 3.1 Market vs. Transformation processes: Transformation process is e.g. production (physical processes) Market is a production mix (has as inputs different transformation processes) 25

26 HOW TO MODEL IN SIMAPRO? 1. Opoen SimaPro 2. Search for the database: Browse! C/users/Public/Public documents/simapro/database

27 How to model in SimaPro Open a project Create a new project: Introduction to SimaPro 27

28 Explore SimaPro Click on description Look at the Click on libraries processes Navigate through SimaPro 28

29 Explore SimaPro Organized Available data Library 29

30 Explore SimaPro Market vs Transformation 30

31 START MODELLING IN SIMAPRO Some simple exercises

32 Case study: water bottle Learn how to model in SimaPro Model the production of a plastic water bottle Non reusable plastic bottle

33 Model a material (under processes) Choose a folder or make a new one New material 33

34 Model a material (under processes) Name of the material Input materials and processes Emissions to air, water and soil. 34

35 Waste Process 35

36 Find waste process 36

37 Waste type Within SimaPro each material is send to waste scenario Waste scenario describes where waste is going Waste treatment describes the emissions per kg waste land filled or burned This is based on the waste type You flag the material Waste scenario send waste to specific waste treatment 37

38 Waste type Only possible for «mass» products 38

39 Waste Types Shows processes Can be added to waste scenarios 39

40 Waste types 40

41 Waste Treatment 41

42 Waste Scenarios 42

43 Documentation

44 Summary: Model a material (under processes) Have a look in SimaPro Make a new folder Open a new process Several Tabs Documentation: Description and specification of the data Input/ Output: The data of your process 44

45 SELECT PROPER LIBRARY Ecoinvent 3 allocation, recycled content - unit

46 EXERCISE 1: MODEL WATER BOTTLE USING PROCESSES

47 Model a material Use ecoinvent unit processes Material a: 20gr of Plastic bottle 22gr of PET (RER, S) Blow molding of the plastic (RER, S) 2 gr waste during production: municipal incineration (treatment) Material b: 3gr of plastic cap 3.75 gr Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ABS 0.75gr of waste during production: municipal incineration, plastic mixture Work on your own: 15min 47

48 Combine your materials Model the full plastic bottle 20gr bottle 3gr of cap Pumping, purifying & filling process: 0.02 kwh/bottle (UCTE electricity mix, medium voltage) Work on your own: 10min 48