Marine aggregates Capability & Portfolio 2015

Transcription

1 Marine aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

2 National overview Why are marine aggregates important to Britain? Britain has one of the world s most developed marine aggregate industries, extracting 15 to 2 million from the seabed annually. Much of this is used for building houses, transport infrastructure, replenishing beaches and improving coastal defences. Onshore resources are becoming increasingly constrained, particularly in the South East of England and London. The marine aggregate industry now provides around 2% of the sand and gravel demand for England and Wales. The Crown Estate owns almost all of the sand and gravel resources lying off of the coast of the UK and we award and manage commercial agreements for companies to extract it. This document is designed to help planning officers in local authorities understand the contribution that marine aggregates can make, by identifying offshore sources and providing information on supply routes. In turn, this is intended to support local authorities in complying with the National Planning Policy Framework, which requires mineral planning authorities to demonstrate they have a steady and adequate supply of aggregates for their requirements through Local Aggregates Assessments. Unless otherwise stated, all figures in this document are correct to 31st March % of all ready mix concrete in London contains marine aggregate 29 million There is potential for demand to increase to 29 million per year by 23 3 million The North West The Humber The East Coast 3 million of marine aggregate was exported to Europe in 214 (2% of all marine aggregate landed) The Thames Estuary The South West The South Coast The East English Channel The seven dredging regions marine aggregate is sourced from. Note that dredging does not currently occur in Scotland or Northern Ireland. 2 83% of marine aggregates landed in England and Wales are used by the building industry Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

3 Reserves and resources Region Total current primary reserves 1 year average annual offtake 3 year average annual offtake Peak average offtake during 1 year period Primary (construction aggregate) Annual permitted offtake Regional reserve life in 1 year average annual offtake Humber (including North East) East Coast Thames Estuary East English Channel South Coast South West North West TOTAL* ** All figures are in millions of unless stated *Totals are rounded from actual totals rather than sum of the regional rounded figures **Highest single year rather than sum of highest region 225 million In London marine aggregates contribute more than 9% of supplies of sand and gravel. 7% of sand and gravel sales in South Wales are accounted for by marine aggregates London and the South East of England are supplied by the East Coast, Thames Estuary & East English Channel. These hold reserves of 225m, giving London and the South East 24.7 years of production 393 million Current national estimates suggest there are 393 million of total current primary reserves Current national estimates suggest there are 22.7 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted The PERC code defines reserves as the proportion of a mineral resource that can be mined for economic purposes 3

4 Delivery by region/country The marine aggregate industry operates responsibly within the marine regulatory framework and has helped to pioneer a new approach to demonstrate compliance through a regional monitoring strategy that will enable a better understanding of the impacts of aggregate extraction. Dr Shaun Nicholson BSc, Head of Marine Licensing, the Marine Management Organisation 514,32 North East 35,74 26,54 Yorkshire & the Humber North West North Wales 632, ,414 East Midlands West Midlands 1,286,569 East of England South Wales 1,36,354 London 541,692 South East South West The Netherlands Belgium 4,433,92 5,163,454 41,615 France These figures refer to the calendar year Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

5 Extraction and delivery by dredge region Regions delivered to n North East n East of England n London n South East n South West n South Wales.4 n North Wales n North West n The Netherlands n Belgium n France.1 < North West TOTAL:.25m.73 North East <.1 (North West).43 Yorkshire and the Humber.46 Humber North West.62 North Wales TOTAL: 1.57m East Midlands.11 West Midlands South West TOTAL: 1.9m East of England South Wales.39 London South East South West East Coast.15 TOTAL: 4.72m < Thames South Coast TOTAL: 2.97m East English Channel TOTAL:.59m TOTAL: 3.62m Pie chart figures in millions of These figures refer to calendar year

6 The Humber region 4.7 million can be extracted from 7 licences 7 dredging licences 6 new dredging applications Blyth River Tyne wharves River Tees wharves 12 NM Territorial Waters Limit 22 River Humber wharves Current estimates suggest there are 22 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted UK Continental Shelf Boundary 6 applications for licences could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 3.3 million During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: Mainland Europe: 66.1% Humber (including North East): 27.3% Thames Estuary: 6.4% South Coast:.2% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary use from licences River Humber wharves Blyth River Tees wharves River Tyne wharves Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 6 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

7 The East Coast region dredging licences 1 new dredging application million can be extracted from 13 licences 12 NM Territorial Waters Limit 17 Current estimates suggest there are 17 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted Ipswich UK Continental Shelf Boundary 1 application for a licence could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 5, During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: Thames Estuary: 86.8% Mainland Europe: 11.7% Humber (including North East), South Coast: 1.5% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary use from licences Ipswich Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 7

8 The Thames Estuary region dredging licences 1 new dredging applications 2 exploration areas million can be extracted from 9 licences 31 Current estimates suggest there are 31 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted Dagenham Erith Thurrock Cliffe Denton Northfleet Greenhithe Greenwich wharves River Medway & Swale wharves 12 NM Territorial Waters Limit UK Continental Shelf Boundary 3 application or exploration areas for licences could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 2.4 million During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: Thames Estuary: 9.4% Humber (including North East) and the South Coast: 5.4% Mainland Europe 4.2% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary use from licences Erith Greenhithe Thurrock River Medway & Swale wharves Denton Northfleet Cliffe Dagenham Greenwich wharves Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 8 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

9 The East English Channel region dredging licences 2 new dredging applications Dover million can be extracted from 11 licences Newhaven Rye UK Continental Shelf Boundary 4 12 NM Territorial Waters Limit Current estimates suggest there are 4 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted 2 applications for licences could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 2 million During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: Thames Estuary: 64.1% Mainland Europe: 33.4% South Coast, East Coast: 2.5% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary use from licences Rye Newhaven Dover Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 9

10 The South Coast region dredging licences 4 new dredging applications million can be extracted from 14 licences Southampton wharves Portsmouth Harbour wharves Langstone Harbour wharves Shoreham Harbour wharves 21 Portland Poole Cowes Current estimates suggest there are 21 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted 12 NM Territorial Waters Limit 4 applications for licences could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 1.9 million During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: South Coast: 86.% Thames and East Coast: 1.6% Mainland Europe: 3.4% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary Use from licences Portsmouth Harbour wharves Cowes Poole Langstone Harbour wharves Southampton wharves Shoreham Harbour wharves Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 1 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

11 The South West region dredging licences 1 new dredging application million can be extracted from 7 licences Burry Port Pembroke Briton Ferry Port Talbot Cardiff Newport 8 Barry Avonmouth England/Wales Boundary Current estimates suggest there are 8 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted Yelland Appledore Bridgwater 1 application for a licence could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 6, During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: Welsh wharves: 57.1% English wharves: 42.9% Sediments and indicative grain sizes Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary use from licences Barry Briton Ferry Port Talbot Yelland Pembroke Appledore Bridgwater Burry Point Swansea Cardiff Newport (Wales) Avonmouth Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 11

12 The North West region dredging licences 1 exploration area Barrow Heysham Glasson million can be extracted from 3 licences Isle of Man waters 41 Current estimates suggest there are 41 years of primary marine aggregate production permitted Penryhn England/Wales Boundary Liverpool wharves Eastham/ Manchester Ship Canal 1 exploration area for a licence could, if approved, increase the permitted tonnage by 5, During 214 material extraction from the region was mainly delivered to: North West: 95.2% South West: 4.8% Permitted & extracted tonnage Delivery of marine aggregate to the region Permitted tonnage Extracted tonnage Secondary Use from licences Glasson Heysham Eastham / Manchester Ship Canal Barrow Penrhyn Liverpool wharves Sediments and indicative grain sizes Fine sand.63.25mm Medium sand.25.5mm Coarse sand.5 2mm Very coarse sand 2 4mm Fine gravel 4 2mm Medium gravel 2 4mm Coarse gravel 4 63mm 12 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

13 Uses of sand and gravel around the UK Coastal and flood defences 1 Minehead Beach 2 Sea Palling Sea Defences (reefs) 3 Thames Barrier 4 Clacton Beach 5 Colwyn Bay (see case study, page 15) Commercial development & regeneration 6 1 New Burlington Place W1 London 7 2 Fenchurch Street (Walkie Talkie) London 8 Cardiff Bay Barrage 9 Canary Wharf & London Docklands Developments 1 Central St Martins London 11 Spinnaker Tower Portsmouth 12 Superstore Seaton 13 Rochester Riverside reclamation for future development 14 St James s Market (see case study, page 14) Energy & utilities 15 Newhaven Energy Recovery Facility 16 Liverpool Wastewater Treatment Plant 17 London Array Wind farm 18 Dungeness Power Station Community & leisure 19 Cardiff Millennium Stadium 2 National Botanic Gardens of Wales, Great Glasshouse Carmarthenshire 21 The Darwin Centre, Natural History Museum London Port development 22 Nigg Yard Cromarty Firth 23 Liverpool 2 24 Milford Haven Oil Terminal 25 Lerwick Harbour 26 Leith Docks Edinburgh 27 Belfast Harbour Development 28 Grimsby 29 Fleetwood Port 3 Felixstowe Berth 9 Extension 31 Cowes Breakwater (see case study, page 16) 32 Blyth 33 Southampton Berth 21 and 22 Transport infrastructure 34 Canary Wharf Underground Station 35 Channel Tunnel Rail Link 36 Ronaldsway Isle of Man Airport 37 Dover Ferry Terminal 38 Gateshead Millennium Bridge 39 London City Airport 4 Queen Elizabeth II Bridge Dartford 41 Crossrail For further information see the Marine Aggregates Information Centre website:

14 Case study: construction use St James s Market St James s is part of The Crown Estate s core West End holdings. St James s Market is a major redevelopment project between Regent Street and Haymarket. The project will provide 31,8m² of mixed-use accommodation and bring together world-class 21st century architecture with preserved historic façades. Sustainability is key for St James s Market with buildings being resource efficient, both in construction and operation. The project is comprised of two buildings, the Regent Street Block and the Haymarket Block. The Haymarket Block was demolished and rebuilt completely. Regent Street Block was demolished from the centre outwards to ensure retention of the Grade 1 listed façade. Both buildings will include retail units on the basement and ground floor and offices on the upper floors. The estimated completion date is early 216. Marine aggregate has been used for the sand component in all ready mix concrete used in the project. Over 11, of marine sand has been used in the concrete. 9% of the sand was landed at Northfleet and 1% at Dagenham. The sand was then transported by barge to Battersea for use in the river side concrete batching plant. 11, 11, of marine sand has been used in the concrete 9% of the sand was landed at Northfleet and 1% at Dagenham 31,8m 2 of floor space will be created, providing retail units and offices 14 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

15 Case study: coastal adaptation use Colwyn Bay PHOTOS: JAN DE NUL GROUP Colwyn Bay Waterfront Project was initiated to address the deteriorating condition of the coastal defences along the waterfront. The renewal of the defences has been combined with regeneration improvements to the promenade. One phase of this project has been to create a raised beach using material dredged offshore. Galliford Try Infrastructure Ltd were appointed as the contractor for this phase. Jan De Nul, the subcontractor, used the dredging vessel Al-Idrisi to complete the work. The sand was dredged from a licensed dredge area approximately 35km from Colwyn Bay. Over a period of six weeks in 214 approximately 22,m³ of material was placed onto the beach. Sand levels were raised by 2 metres over a 1,5m section. The renewed sea defences will be integrated with environmental improvements along the promenade to draw new visitors to the area and coordinate with the Bay Life Regeneration Plan. 22,m³ 22,m 3 of material was placed on the beach in metres Sand levels on the beach were raised by 2m over a 1,5m section 7,5m³ The Al-Idrisi can dredge 7,5m³ per cargo 15

16 Case study: reclamation use Cowes Breakwater 35m breakwater length 69,1m³ 69,1m³ of marine aggregate was used. This comprises 22,6m³ of coarse sand and 46,5m³ of gravel. 1,4m³ The vessel Sospan Dau was used on the project. The vessel can dredge 1,4m³ per cargo. IMAGE: BOSKALIS WESTMINSTER LTD. Cowes Breakwater, due to be completed in late 215, is situated offshore of Cowes, the Isle of Wight. Construction of the 35 metre long breakwater was the first phase of transforming Cowes into a sheltered harbour and creating a variety of development and business opportunities for East Cowes, Cowes and other Island stakeholders. Boskalis Westminster were the main contractor. The project has been carried out in two phases. The first phase comprised of creating the core structure of the breakwater using coarse sand and gravel. This material was dredged as part of the Southampton Approach Channel Dredge, which deepened and widened the approach channel into Southampton. The suitable dredged aggregate was reused beneficially in the breakwater. The purpose of the second phase was to install the final protective layer of filter and armour rock. The breakwater will protect the harbour and act as a catalyst for further development and investment. Vessels in the harbour will be protected and the risk of damage to waterfront sites will be reduced. The breakwater will benefit the local economy by extending the sailing and eventing season, as well as enabling Cowes to be established as a cruise ship destination due to improved shelter. 16 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

17 Sustainability and stewardship The Crown Estate has a commitment to being a responsible landlord, which includes minimising the impact that marine aggregate dredging has on the natural environment, helping local communities and preserving archaeological finds. Although the quantity of sand and gravel potentially available from marine sources is vast, the industry is aware that it is extracting from a large but ultimately finite natural mineral resource and is keen to ensure that these valuable minerals are used in the most efficient and effective manner possible. We work in partnership with industry, regulators and stakeholders to improve the sustainability of the sector, in particular reducing the area of seabed licensed dredged year on year. Via our Electronic Monitoring System, we ensure all dredging is undertaken in the correct locations, and every licence application must be supported by a full Environmental Impact Assessment including a Coastal Impact Study to determine whether a marine licence (essentially the planning consent) can be granted, a process governed by the Marine Licensing process. To deliver 8,5 takes: 1 dredger (of 8,5 ) 95 train hopper wagons (of 9 ) 425 aggregate lorries (of 2 ) 9 barges (of 1, ) 17

18 KLH Sustainability The Crown Estate has undertaken extensive research through KLH Sustainability to understand how to evaluate sustainable aggregate extraction and use in the UK: Material Flow Analysis this has been used to establish an estimate of reserves, based on regional aggregate import over domestic consumption over time. The analysis indicates that all marine dredging regions have significant reserves. Department for Transport s Mode Shift Benefit Calculator The Crown Estate is using this to enable external factors such as congestion, respiratory disorders and accidents to inform aggregate sourcing and transportation decision making. Marine dredged aggregates offer significant social benefits over land based aggregates in some locations, due to the comparatively short distances they are transported by HGVs on local roads. Carbon footprint The carbon footprint of aggregate extraction, transportation and use has been evaluated. This has highlighted the importance of investing in new marine dredging infrastructure and energy efficiency. IMAGE: ZANDMOTOR Marine Aggregate Business Leadership Programme The Crown Estate has created and is currently running a business focussed course to equip future company leaders of the marine aggregate industry with the skills and knowledge for success. Hub wharf Most wharves are historic sites which have been updated over the decades and the dredging vessels have been designed to fit the requirements of the wharves served. The hub wharf concept aims to: Future proof wharf locations by concentrating deliveries from numerous production facilities to a single safeguarded regional site Provide unrestricted shipping access to more modern and efficient wharf facilities Provide cost savings by optimising the dredging vessel cycle time and by increasing the economies of scale of processing and onward supply logistics Provide potential for increasing the supply of marine aggregates Reduce the number of vessels required and therefore the capital investment required by industry The hub wharf concept is applicable to a number of potential regional markets and is scalable. The first markets being investigated are the key London market, and English South Coast market. stockpile screening plant quay barge train lorry 18 Marine Aggregates Capability & Portfolio 215

19 Archaeology Sandscaping Sandscaping is an innovative coastal management concept which is designed to use natural processes wind, waves and tide to distribute marine aggregates to nourish and create new beaches. Archaeological finds encountered during marine aggregate operations are identified and assessed for their significance by heritage experts. A protocol was introduced in 25 which was developed by BMAPA and English Heritage, provided by Wessex Archaeology and co-funded by BMAPA and The Crown Estate. There have been over 1,1 finds since 25. A sandscaping feature has the primary driver of reducing the risk of coastal flooding and erosion and the potential to create new habitats and regenerate or enhance the resilience of coastal communities. The principles of building with nature and the technique, has already been successfully deployed in the Netherlands as a large scale pilot project and we believe it can potentially offer cost effective and sustainable long-term protection for the UK coastline. We have been working with Arup, HR Wallingford, Van Oord and Royal HaskoningDHV to examine the opportunities for sandscaping in a number of high potential locations around the UK. We have also been engaging with Governments, the Environment Agency, Natural Resources Wales, statutory advisors, local authorities and potential investors. Once the sandscaping feature has been created, it is designed to gradually change in shape and the beach will become broader and more resilient to flooding and coastal erosion for many years. The new large beach feature will form a focus for placemaking as part of a community-led coastal regeneration and development strategy. Placemaking could include an expanded beach and space for recreational activity, increased revenue from tourism, improvements to coastal infrastructure, regeneration and development and habitat creation as potential additional benefits. All of these are being explored with key decision makers as an option to provide sustainable long term, multiple benefit protection of our coasts. Reports Recent reports focusing on marine aggregates published by The Crown Estate include: 17th Area of Seabed Dredged Report Aggregate Dredging and the Suffolk Coastline Aggregate Dredging and the Norfolk Coastline 19

20 Links and useful references The Crown Estate is an independent commercial business created by an Act of Parliament. Our role is to make sure that the land and property we invest in and manage are sustainably worked, developed and enjoyed to deliver the best value over the long term. 1% of our annual profits are returned to the Treasury for the benefit of the public finances. The Crown Estate s portfolio is one of the most diverse anywhere in the world, our business includes the whole of Regent Street, much of St James s, numerous regional shopping centres, hundreds of thousands of acres of rural land and coastline, and the UK s seabed. The Crown Estate Marine Aggregate Information Centre British Marine Aggregate Producers Association Marine Management Organisation marine-management-organisation Natural Resources Wales Marine Scotland British Geological Survey Minerals UK London The Crown Estate 16 New Burlington Place London W1S 2HX T Edinburgh The Crown Estate 6 Bell s Brae Edinburgh EH4 3BJ T November 215