WATER LEVELS IN ARTESIAN AND NONARTESIAN AQUIFERS OF FLORIDA, STATE OF FLORIDA STATE-BOARD OF CONSERVATION

Transcription

1 STATE OF FLORIDA STATE-BOARD OF CONSERVATION DIVISION OF GEOLOGY Robert 0. Vernon, Director INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO. 52 WATER LEVELS IN ARTESIAN AND NONARTESIAN AQUIFERS OF FLORIDA, By.Henry G. Healy Prepared by the UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY in cooperation with the DIVISION OF GEOLOGY FLORIDA BOARD OF CONSERVATION and OTHER STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES TALLAHASSEE 1968

2 ,,..0'2 AGRI- CULTURAL LBRARY

3 CONTENTS Introduction Well-numbering system Principal aquifers Northwestern Florida Pensacola area Fort Walton area Panama City area Northern and north-central Florida Tallahassee area Fernandina-Jacksonville area Central Florida Tampa-St. Petersburg area Lakeland area Orlando area Cape Kennedy area Sarasota-Bradenton area Southern Florida Ft. Myers area Stuart-West Palm... Stuart-West Palm Beach area Ft. Lauderdale area M iam i area ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Observation-well network, December 1964, and the extent of principal aquifers and sources of ground-water supplies in Florida Well-numbering system Piezometric surface and areas of flow of the Floridan aquifer, in Florida, July 6-17, Locations of observation wells in northwestern Florida for which hydrographs are given Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Pensacola Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Escambia 45 at Cantonment, 46 near Ensley, and 62 at Pensacola, Pensacola area Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Escambia 62 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Pensacola, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Okaloosa 3, 25, and 31, Ft. Walton Beach area Map showing net change of ground-water levels, Pensacola and Ft. Walton areas, May 1951 to May Map showing net change of ground-water levels, Pensacola and Ft. Walton areas, May to May Graph of total yearly pumpage, Panama City... 32

4 12 Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Walton 13 at Point Washington, Bay 7 at Panama City, and Washington 4, at Caryville Map showing locations of observation wells in northern and north-central Florida for which hydrographs are given Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Tallahassee Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Leon 7 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Tallahassee, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Leon 7 at Tallahassee, Madison 18 near Madison, Columbia 9 at Lake City, and Nassau 12 near Fernandina Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Jacksonville IS Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Nassau 51 at Callahan, Duval 122 at Jacksonville, Duval 164 near Mayport, Marion 5 near Ocala, and Putnam 29 at Palatka Maps showing net changes of ground-water levels in Jacksonville and Fernandina areas, May 1951 to May and from May to May Map showing locations of observation wells in central Florida for which hydrographs are given Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Pasco 13 near Ehren and Hillsborough 13 near Citrus Park, Tampa area Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Hillsborough 13 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Tampa, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Hillsborough 30 near Ruskin, Pinellas 13 at Tarpon Springs, and Pinellas 246 at Clearwater Graphs showing changes in chloride content in wells Pinellas 592 at Bay Pines and 166 at Dunedin, St. Petersburg area Graph showing total yearly pumpage, City of Lakeland Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Polk 45 near Lakeland and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Lakeland, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Polk 44 and 47 near Davenport and Polk 45 near Lakeland, Lakeland area Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Polk 49 near Frostproof and Polk 51 at Frostproof, and Highlands 10 near Sebring Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Highlands 13, Osceola 183, and Okeechobee 3 in the Kissimmee Valley Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Orange 47 and 47B near Orlando and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Orlando, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Orange 47, near Orlando

5 32 Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels near Cape Kennedy and eastern-central coastal Florida Hydrographs showing trends and fluctiations of water levels in wells Manatee 92 and Sarasota 9, Sarasota-Bradenton area Map showing location of wells in southern Florida for which hydrographs are given Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Lee 246 near Ft. Myers and departures from normal monthly precipitation at Ft. Myers, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Lee 246 near Ft. Myers, Collier 131 near Immokalee, and Martin 147 at Stuart Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Stuart Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Martin 147 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Stuart, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Palm Beach 88 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at West Palm Beach, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Palm Beach 88 near West Palm Beach, Broward G561 and G617 near Ft. Lauderdale, and Dade G553 near M iam i Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Broward F291 at Hollywood, Dade S18 near Miami, Dade S196A near Homestead, Dade F179 at Miami, and Broward S329 near Ft. Lauderdale Hydrographs showing changes in chloride content of water in wells Broward G514 and S830 near Ft. Lauderdale, and Dade F296 and F64 near Miami Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Dade S196A, and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Homestead Experimental Station, Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Dade S19 and G10 near Miami, and Dade G72 northwest of Opa-locka Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Dade G596, G618, G613, and G620 in central Dade County Hydrographs showing changes in chloride content of water in wells Dade G354 and G580 near Miami and Dade G469, S529, and G212 in southeastern Dade County Table 1 Well and water-level data for selected observation wells in Florida... 4

6

7 WATER LEVELS IN ARTESIAN AND NONARTESIAN AQUIFERS OF FLORIDA, By Henry G. Healy INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the trends and fluctuations of groundwater levels in the principal aquifers in Florida during and includes the following: (1) hydrographs of ground-water levels in the several aquifers; (2) maps showing changes in ground-water levels during specific periods; and, (3) a table summarizing the principal data on selected observation wells. Observation wells for which records are available are listed in the "Index to Water Resources Data-Collection Stations in Florida, 1961", Florida Geological Survey Special Publication No. 11, which includes the location, aquifer, and type and period of records available for about 3,600 observation wells. Since World War II, and particularly during the last decade, the demand for fresh water for industrial, municipal, and agricultural use in Florida has increased yearly. Although ground-water supplies have been adequate for the increased demand in most areas in Florida, water levels have declined appreciably in some areas. Because demand for ground water continues to increase, shortages will occur and may become critical in some areas. In coastal areas, declining water levels may allow salt water to encroach and shortages could result from deterioration in quality as well as from the reduction of quantity of water available. In order to prevent future shortages, the supplies of ground water must be properly appraised before they can be effectively utilized. Records of trends and fluctuations of ground-water levels have long formed a basis for such an appraisal. The principal objective of the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey is to appraise and to evaluate the Nation's water resources. Although many types of ground-water investigations are conducted throughout the Nation, the collection and compilation of basic hydrologic data constitute an important part of the water-resources studies. Objectives of the hydrologic data program include: the evaluation of available ground-water supplies; the prediction of trends 1

8 2 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY of water levels; and the delineation of present or potential areas of detrimentally high or low ground-water levels. Water levels are also used to predict the base flow of streams, to portray the effects of natural and man-induced forces that act on a water-bearing formation, and to furnish information for use in research. The hydrologic data program is an important adjunct of the several types of geologic and hydrologic methods of study used in waterresources investigations. The hydrologic data-collection program of the U. S.. Geological Survey is part of the cooperative investigations of the ground-water resources of Florida, in cooperation with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, and other state and local agencies and municipalities. The observation-well network in 1964 included about 1,000 observation wells in the 67 counties of the State. Figure 1 shows the locations of these observation wells and Table 1 lists data for 329 observation wells selected from the statewide network. The hydrologic-data program consists of the collection, tabulation, interpretation, evaluation, and publication of water-level and related data. Water levels for selected wells are published, at present, once every 5 years in the U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers. Information pertinent to ground water is also published in interpretative reports of investigations published by the Florida Geological Survey and the U. S. Geological Survey. Data collected during an investigation and subsequent to publication are available from the District Chief, U. S. Geological Survey, P. O. Box 2315, Tallahassee, Florida The water-level data used in this report represent measurements taken from automatic water-stage recorder charts, pressure gages, and made by wet tape. In general, water-level measurements made by tape and stage recorder are shown to the nearest hundredth of a foot, and those made with a pressure gage are shown to the nearest tenth of a foot. Table 1 summarizes well-data and water-level information for the several aquifers. Well data include the aquifer, depth of well, and depth of casing. The items: "Year record began" and "Frequency of measurements" are included as part of the well data. In the water-level portion of the table, levels for May or June are used because records are available for these months for a large percentage of the wells. Also, ground-water levels generally are lowest during May or June in many areas and records during that

9 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 87* ' 84 83' 4... / * 44 S32 /*.-t* *y* 330' K. e. 2, EXPLANATION *8 Observation well i - 9 Chloride Observation sample eteor D 1 * PRINCIPAL AQUIFERS * * S d -a -nd-grvel' 27* Floridon and/or others 1.* 26' - Chloride wells Flood Control Project Centrol CenI ci and Southern Soethe. Florrdo Flood Conlrol PDonecl Souhwest Fo,.do Soplhaes Flo a sudo 22Water Management Distric8 5 Figure 1. Observation-well network, Deember 1964, and the extent of aiodo ---- Apprinciooleal aoquifers and yround-water sources of sulies in Florida. principal aquifers and sources of ground water supplies in Florida.

10 4 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY Table l.--summary of well data and water levels in selected-observation wells. Well number: Well numbers are based on county numbering system e.g. Bay County well Bay 20, or on the latitudinal and longitudinal system e.g. well Both numbers 20 and are given where this well has been reported previously in a publication under the county number. Letters prefixed to well, numbers in Broward and Dade Counties; G, Geological Survey wells,; S, supply wells; F, fire wells; and NP, National Park Service wells. Letter suffix A, shallow well adjacent to deep well. Aquifer: B, Biscayna; F, Floridan; G, sand-and-gravel; H, Hawthorn; NA, nonartesian; S, shallow sand. Depth of well: Measured unless otherwise noted. R, reported depth. Prequency of measurement: Refers to current biennium. B, bimonthly; C, continuous; M, monthly; S, semiannually; W. weekly. Prior to 1963: When only one measurement is available prior to current biennium, measurement is arbitrarily Listed as a low level. Water level: To hundredth of a foot if measured by vet-tape method or taken from recorder chart; to nearest tenth of a foot if measured by pressure gage or airline. Annual range: Based on measurements available during year. For wells equipped with recorder, range is based on every 5th day measurements. Remarks: B, water level below measuring point; D, measurements discontinued on date shown in Remarks; L. lowest water level;,m water level with reference to mean sea level; P, water level affected by pumping of nearby wells; R, recorder installed on date shown in Remarks; S, water level affected by seasonal or regional pumping; T, water levels affected by ocean tides. SWater level above (+) or below (-) land surface S. (feet) S >ýs Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number a o level in May Annual Remarks.a C ' M ay or June or June Range Sa a High Low a- Ol 0 f ý (year) (year) ALACHUA COUNTY F C Z16-1 F 447R B P F 300R B BAKER COUNTY S C F B F 595R B P R B BAY COUNTY 7 ( ) F B P ( ) F 435R B ( ) p 300R B ( ) F 290& B ( ) C P; D,

11 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO S 1 c Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface SP to 16 -(feet) U4 4 u Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number ay or June level in May Annual Remarks "3 Q-, W 0 o' - or June Range S & us a High I Lo 0L Wm a0* a ' o. W J (year4) (year) ( ) F B P ( ) G B D, ( ) F 200R B D, ( ) F B ( ) G B D, 1964 BRADFORD COUNTY F B BREVARD COUNTY 19 ( ) F 413K B P; D, ( ) F 447R B S ( ) F 160R B , S ( ) F 206R B S ( ) F B S; D, S C S C S C F C M BROWARD COUNTY 7291 B C M C561 B C H G616 B C M B C M B C M; Prospect vell field 0853 B C H; Pompano vell field 8329 B C M; Dixie well field

12 6 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface r t 19 (feet) aa 3 0o ý j Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number or Juner level in May Annual Remarks Sn.. ay or June or June Range :. S n m us m High Low S( ) (y e r) CALHOUN COUNTY t ( ) F ( ) F I88R B II ( ) F 147R B CITRUS COUNTY 15 ( ) F B F B CIAY COUNTY 5 ( ) F 530R B H B NA B ; F C COLLIER COUNTY 54 B C N B C H B C M; Naples well 1959 field- 271 B C B B C COLUMBIA COUNTY 9 ( ) F C DADE COUNTY 145 B C H; R, B C M I240 B C M; R, B C M

13 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO S Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface S(feet) 4 a. Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number ay or June level in May Annual Remarks S 0 : M ay or Jun or June Range l -, 1 s High y S'- f (year) (year) 7358 B C M 1954 G3 B C M; P G10 B C M SG39 B C M; P 1958 G72 B C H G476 B C H G553 B C M; Casing 1958 slotted 36'-79' G580A B C M 1961 G595 B C H; P 1958 G596 B C M 1958 G613 B C M G614 B C M 1958 G618 B C M 1958 G619 B C H G620 B C M G757A B C M 1958 G789 B C M 1958 G799 B C M; P 1958 G850 B C M G851 B C M G852 B C H B C B C H 1960 C858 B C H 1960

14 8 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY - Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface r to 1 (feet) S Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number ay or Jun level in Hay Annual Remarks 'D, e ay or June u. u. C or June Range. S.41 yearh) (y er) in. c (year) (year) G859 B C M 1960 G860 B C M C M; R, Nov C863 B C M; Do C864 B C M 1959 G865 B C M G968 B C M G968A B C M; R, Nov G970 B C M 1960 C972 B C M 1960 G973 B C M 1960 C974 B C M 1960 G975 B C M 1960 G976 B C M 1960 G978 B C N 1960 C1045 B C M 1960 G1165 B C M; R, Oct G1166 B C H; Do G1133 B C M; Do NP44 B C M MP46 B C M 1960 NP57 B C M 8P62 B 20 9 C M; R, Oct. 196 P C M; Do BB2 a 20 6 C ; Do

15 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO ell number? water level above (+) or below (-) land surface 0 5(feet) u to s. Prior to 1963 Highest water 0 0 level in May Annual Remarks SMa or une J or June Range a- W'-. u. H h?6 (year) (year) w r) S18 B C M; P S19 B C M; P 1958 S68 B C L; M; P 1958 S182 B C M S196A B C M DESOTO COUNTY F,H B F,H C F,H C DIXIE COUNTY 15 ( ) F 215R B DUVAL COUNTY 12 ( ) F 785R B S ( ) F B S ( ) F 875R B S ) ( ) F B S ( ) F 729R B S ( ) F 900R B R S ( ) F 905R M S *( ) F 1,075R B " S ( ) F 600R B S ( ) F B S ( ) F 800R B S ( ) F 700R B S ( ) F 642R B S ( ) F 625R B S 1947

16 10 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY a Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface f a (feet).. Prior to 1963 Highest water WelL number or June levef in M ay Annual Remarks 5 a ay or Ju. or June Range 0. an us es High *, 5S ay 1963 r 1963 Sa - - e. 8 (year) (year) ( ) F 585K B S, T ( ) F 840R S, T ( ) F 1.920R 1, C S ( ) F 1,393R B S, T ( ) F 1,025R B S, T ( ) F 700R B S, T ( ) F 556R S, T 1952 ESCAMBIA COUNTY 39 ( ) G M " ( ) G C P ( ) C W ( I) G 142R C A ( ) G W ( ) G C P ( ) G * 1951 C P*Screened from to 270 feet and 340 to 350 feet 83 ( ) G C P C * 1959 W *Screened from to 149 feet G 65 60* 1959 W *Screened from to 65 feet G * 1959 M *Screened from to 170 feet G * 1959 B *Screened from to 206 feet G * 1959 B *Screened from to 107 feet FIAGLER COUNTY 14 ( ) F B <--*

17 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO E Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface rd 4 0 (feet) S Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number My or level in May Annual Remarks SHay orjune or June Range Lo s ms ou High a < 5 S _ -.- s. a (year) (year) 44 ( ) F B P 1959 FRANKLIN COUNTY 10 ( ) F 380R B ( ) F B F 98R B F B GADSDEN COUNTY F 406R B F 525R B GULF COUNTY 30 ( ) F C P, prior to ( ) F B ( ) F 578R P; D, 1964 HAMILTON COUNTY F 273R B HARDEE COUNTY F C HENDRY COUNTY 3 S C S C HERNANDO COUNTY F 140R B HIGHIANDS COUNTY 9 S C M S C M A S C M S C M S C M

18 12 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY r-~ SWater level above (+) or below (-) land surface - a (feet) ' Prior to 1963 Highest water el nber - May or June level in May Annual Remarks «j ' E _or June Range Se a. ) (yo r) a. 0 6I (year) (year) 15 S C M S C M HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY 13 ( ) F C P ( ) F 500R C P ( ) F B Recorder re moved 1/10/ F B F 417R C HOIMES COUNTY 4 ( ) F 187R B ( ) F 205R B A ( ) NA 13 10* 1960 B *Screened fr to 13 feet F I F 260R B F 300R B INDIAN RIVER COUNTY 25 S C M JACKSON COUNTY 23 ( ) F 475R B F B F B F B F B JEFFERSON COUNTY S

19 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO SWater level above (+) or below (-) land surface W a, M (feet) u.i S >, Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number o May or Je level in May Annual Remarks. o n. --- US _ or June u m High Low Range St (a (year) (yar) (ear) F S LAFAYETTE COUNTY F B F B LAKE COUNTY 18 ( ) F 190R B ( ) F 2 52R B ( ) F 254R B F S S S F C S C F B LEE COUNTY 246 S C M; P H C h; P LEON COUNTY 7 ( ) F C P A ( ) H 41 38* 1935 M *Screened from to 41 feet 115 ( ) F B S C S 15 12* 1960 B *Well point to 15 feet F M F C Recorder re moved 1964

20 14 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY r Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface a-i (feet). Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number 0 or June level in May Annual Remarks W.2 = or June Range S) ( er) cl A Cc C (year) (year) LEVY COUNTY F B F 96R B LIBERTY COUNTY 14 ( ) F B ( I) F C D, F 118R B D, F 160R B F B MADISON COUNTY 17 ( ) F B ( ) F C P MANATEE COUNTY 92 ( ) F B S 1947 MARION COUNTY 5 ( ) F 135R C ( ) F B ( ) F B Well flowed April April ( ) F B ( ) F B MARTIN COUNTY 140 S C M S C M; P S C M S C M 1960

21 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO rc Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface Pi to 1 (feet) 0 S > Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number o o o 0 -. S. May or or Jne June level or in May Annual Remarks S0 or June Range 0 0o ". ou as High Low r. - _ (ar) ( ear) NASSAU COUNTY 2 ( ) F 580R B S ( ) F 680R B P ( ) F 640R B P ( ) F B S ( ) F 1,000R B S ( ) F 569R B S ( ) F 580R B S 1947&48 55 ( ) F 540R B S OKALOOSA COUNTY 3 ( ) F 800R B S ( ) F 652R B S ( ) F 609R B S ( ) F 591R B S ( ) F 766R B S ( ) F 690R B S ( ) F B S OKEECHOBEE COUNTY 2 S C M S C M ORANGE COUNTY 47 ( ) F C B ( ) S B C ( ) S B F M E 1961

22 16 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY? Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface P- to 16 (feet) SPrior to 1963 Highest water Well number. S J level in Hay Annual Remarks.0 a. s. or June Range Sas High (w r _ < Q o. a(year) (year) OSCEOIA COUNTY 171 S C S C M S C H S C M S C M PALM BEACH COUNTY 38 B C M B C M B C M; D, B C H B C B C B; D, PASCO COUNTY 13 ( ) F C r F C PINELLAS COUNTY 13 ( ) F C T ( ) F 282R C D, & ( ) F B D, ( ) F B ( ) F C T ( ) F C D, ( ) F C ( ) F C D,

23 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO ai Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface P to 196 (feet) SPrior to 1963 Highest water Well number 0 - or June level in May Annual Remarks "0 V - 0 S May or June. J- " e= " S., :3 3 or June Range So.S u SS High 'low 196 S~ uye) 1963 o - - F - e (year) (year)1'lw POLK COUNTY 44 ( ) F C ( ) F M S ( ) S C M ( ) S C M ( ) S C M ( ) H C P F C S F B F B H B S 11 8* 1955 B *Screened from to 11 feet H B PUTNAM COUNTY 28 ( ) F B ( ) F 300R B & F 303R 300, 1934 B F B H B ST. JOHNS COUNTY 5 ( ) F 350R B ( ) F 336R B ( ) P 1, B D, F B F C

24 18 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY I Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface a I" (feet) S, Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number 0 o o r e S level in May Annual Remarks - Nay or June or June Range 5s 0 0 Oa a o V C6 C (year) (year) f B P r B P 1958 ST. LUCIE COUNTY 41 S C M S C M SANTA ROSA COUNTY 10 ( ) G 197R B ( ) S 41 31* 1950 C *Screened frmc to 41 feet G * 1959 M *Screened frm to 211 feet C * 1959 M *Screened frm to 128 feet G B *Screened fros to 98 feet SARASOTA COUNTY 9 ( ) F C S 1931 SEMINOLE COUNTY 125 ( ) r C ( ) F B SUM=ER COUNTY P B SUIANNEE COUNTY F B TAYLOR COUNTY 35 ( ) r C P ( ) S C P UNION COUNTY B F C

25 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO e r Water level above (+) or below (-) land surface a (feet) A. : ue Prior to 1963 Highest water Well number Sor a ay June level ' in May or June Annual Range Remarks S(a) a. W Vs High LOW ( er) VOLUSIA COUNTY 29 ( ) F B ( ) F 180R B ( ) F C ( ) F 138R B & F C F B F C F B F C F B F B WAKULLA COUNTY 2 ( ) F B T ( ) F B T F B F B WALTON COUNTY 13 ( ) F 450R B ( ) F 187R B D, F B F B F B WASHINGTON COUNTY 4 ( ) F 785R B F B

26 20 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY period constitute a base for comparison from year to year. Highest and lowest water levels of record for May or June prior to 1963 are given in the table. Generally, highest and lowest levels are highest daily levels if taken from recorder charts. The range of fluctuations for 1963 and 1964 are shown under "Annual range" WELL-NUMBERING SYSTEM Two well-numbering systems are used in this report. 'Observation wells in Florida are numbered serially by counties and/or by a grid-coordinate system on latitude and longitude of the well location. Frequently, both numbers are assigned to a well e.g. a well number may be shown as 20( ). This affords a tie-in with water-level data published previously under well number 20 in Bay County with data that may be published for the same well under number Some wells used in table 1 have numbers with a letter prefix or suffix. In Broward and Dade counties, the letter prefixes G, S, F, and NP denote Geological Survey wells, supply wells, fire wells, and National Park Service wells, respectively. In Dade, Escambia, Highlands, Holmes, and Leon counties, the letter suffix A denotes a shallow well near a deeper well having the corresponding number without the letter suffix. In Orange County, the letter suffixes B and C denote shallow wells drilled in the vicinity of well 47. The grid-coordinate well-numbering system in Florida is derived from latitude and longitude coordinates. The latitude and longitude prefix north and west and the first digit of the degree number are not included in the well number. The well number is a composite of three numbers separated by hyphens: the first number is composed of the last digit of the degree and the two digits of the minute that define the latitude on the south side of the 1-minute quadrangle; the second number is composed of the last digit of the degree and two digits of the minutes that define the longitude on the east side of a 1-minute quadrangle; and, the third number gives the numerical order in which the well was inventoried in the 1-minute quadrangle. For example, well number is the first well inventoried in the 1-minute quadrangle north of the ' parallel of latitude and west of the 81005' meridian of longitude. The location of well is shown diagrammatically in figure 2.

27 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO Marion Co. --- \ 'Volusia Co. I Lake Co. a - I '4 Orange Co ' L. I *i Polk Co. \Osceolo Co. ' 81030' 81000' 28030' 28"00' 28030' ' 28037' 28035' ' 06' 81005' 83,. I5, - Figure 2. Well-numbering system.

28 22 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY PRINCIPAL AQUIFERS Ground-water supplies for industrial, agricultural, and municipal use in Florida are available from three principal aquifers: the Floridan aquifer in central and northern Florida; the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida; and, the sand-and-gravel aquifer in the extreme northwestern part of Florida. The generalized areal extent of the aquifers supplying most of the ground water is shown in figure 1. The Floridan,aquifer, which underlies all of the State, is the principal source of water in central, northern, and most of northwestern Florida, as shown on figure 3. Highly mineralized 7 WT -N- EXPLANATION (3oa3-- a g.a. a.n... 2!r.2 Y.. b., Figure 3. Map showing piezometric surface and areas of 'flow of the Floridan Aquifer, in Florida, July 6-17, 1961.

29 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO water precludes the usefulness of the Floridan aquifer as a source of potable water in some coastal areas and in most of southern Florida. In those areas, shallow artesian and nonartesian aquifers are the source of supply. The Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida is the chief source of water supply for industries, municipalities, and irrigation. This aquifer, one of the most highly productive aquifers in the world, underlies about 3,500 square miles of Broward, Dade, and Palm Beach counties. The usefulness of the Biscayne aquifer is sharply restricted in areas adjacent to the coast because of the presence of saline waters. The sand-and-gravel aquifer in extreme northwestern Florida is the principal source of water supply, yielding large quantities of water for industries and municipalities. The aquifer underlies all of Escambia and Santa Rosa counties and part of western Okaloosa County. This report of ground-water conditions has been divided into four geographical areas as follows: (1) northwestern Florida, (2) northern, northeastern, and north-central Florida; (3) central Florida; and, (4) southern and southeastern coastal Florida. NORTHWESTERN FLORIDA Northwestern Florida as used here includes the Panhandle region extending from the Apalachicola River westward to the Florida-Alabama line, figure 4. The principal sources of ground-water supply in the region are the sand-and-gravel aquifer in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties and the Floridan aquifer in the rest of the region. Minor supplies of ground water are obtained from shallow nonartesian aquifers. The Florida Panhandle includes three rapidly growing areas of industry and population: the Pensacola area, the Ft. Walton Beach area, the Panama City area. PENSACOLA AREA The Pensacola area includes Escambia and Santa Rosa counties. This area, like many others in the State, is undergoing rapid economic development. Industrial and municipal water uses are increasing. Pumpage in the Pensacola area in 1964 was about five times that in Figure 5 shows pumpage for the City of Pensacola,

30 SA!R, L A A A '.. *.... "t..... *- ^ ,." ""." "." " ""1-0 K [ 5 A! \ I 0 Na r o. j$' O~Oi * IW L ( 1 re s 4. of on L in nort n F da fr w h h ra Figure 4. Locations of observation wells in northwestern Florida for which hydrographs are given. given,

31 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO , 60 a,, o 3,40o 800 S2,60C -. Figure 5. Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Pensacola. The observation-well program in the Pensacola area began in 1939 as part of the investigation to determine the adequacy and permanency of ground-water supply in Escambia County. Figure 4 shows locations of the observation wells selected from the hydrologic-data network for which hydrographs are given in this report, and table 1 presents data on 13 wells in Escambia County and 5 wells in Santa Rosa County. Figure 6 shows fluctuations and long-term trends of artesian water levels in the sand-and-gravel aquifer in the Pensacola area from 1940 through Comparison of the hydrographs for the period of record reveals that while water levels at the end of 1964 declined in central Escambia County, water levels in the southern part of the county near the coast were above 1940 levels. Declines of artesian water levels in the sand-and-gravel aquifer ranged from a maximum of nearly 35 feet in well Escambia 45 at Cantonment to a minimum of less than 2 feet in well Escambia 46 near Ensley during In the coastal area, at Pensacola, the artesian water level in well Escambia 62, at the end of 1964, was about 2 feet above the 1942 level. The trends and fluctuations of artesian groundwater levels in well Escambia 62 and departures from monthly average rainfall at Pensacola, are shown in figure 7.

32 26 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY ESCAMNIA 45 DEPTH 152 FT. CASED 129 FT. SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFER (ARTESIAN) * ~ is > sio ^ S fi z96 - i 100 ^ ^ > \ J Water W14 level is affected by pumping of nearby wells * ^ ,T r-----^ ESCAMBIA 46 DEPTH 239 FT. CASED 239 FT. SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFER (ARTESIAN) -56 0o 62, , ^^ ,T M B ESCAMBIA DEPTH 142 FT. ^J CASED 142 FT. SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFER (ARTESIAN) L f \-- a \ / _ ----, Figure 6. Hydrographs sh1owing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Escambia 45 at Cantonment, 46 near Ensley, and 62 at Pensacola, Pensacola area.

33 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFER (ARTESIAN) 0 DEPTH 142FT..4 JFMAMJ JASONDJFMAM J JASONDIJFMAMJ J ASONDJFMAMJ JASONDJF MAMJJASOND J FM MM J J AS ONDJ F MAM A N F M M J J N J M MJ J J S ON J FM MJ J A S N D Figure 7. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Escambia 62 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Pensacola, FT. WALTON AREA The Ft. Walton area includes the Ft. Walton Beach area and Eglin Air Force Base at Niceville. The rate of growth of industry and population is accelerating. Pumpage from the Floridan aquifer for all uses is about 10.0 mgd (million gallons per day). As a result of continuing heavy pumping, water levels have declined in about a 640 square-mile area. The hydrograph of well Okaloosa 3 at Ft. Walton Beach, figure 8, shows a maximum decline of 98.3 feet from 18.5 feet above land surface in 1947 to 79.8 feet below land surface in In August 1936, the artesian water level was 46 feet above land-surface datum. During the period from August 1936 to July

34 28 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY OKaLOOSA 3 DEPTH 800,FT. CASED 500 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER \ " A I N o~ (n r S- 4 0 : S f J ' Water level on Aug 19,1936 was.- 8 _,.j e 46 feet above L land surface Watelevl i of ectd b regona pupin Water level is affected by regional pumping 14 l,; i i i B ar SKALOOSA 15 DEPTH 609 FT. CASED 456 FT FLORIDAN AQUIFER >Z F 8. Hwyoter level is offeced by regionad pumpings l t in o w e lv z g j a ^ > dwater level is affected by regional pumping 92 wi I I! wells Okaloosa 3, 25, and 31, Ft. Walton Beach area.

35 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO , the water level in well Okaloosa 3 declined 125 feet, from 46 feet above land surface to 79 feet below land surface. The areal extent of the decline in artesian levels in the vicinity of Ft. Walton Beach is shown by the net change of water levels map, figures 9 and 10. Water-level changes during are shown by figure 9. Changes of groundwater levels for the current period May -64 are shown by figure 10. PANAMA CITY AREA The Panama City area includes 250 square miles in Bay County, including Tyndall Air Force Base. The Floridan aquifer supplies most of the water for municipal, industrial, and military needs in the area. Figure 11 shows total pumpage from the Panama City well fields at St. Andrews and Millville for the period Pumpage of ground water for municipal use declined from an average of 1,200 mgy (million gallons per year) in to an average of 860 mgy in To some extent, reduced pumpage by Panama City and a change in locale of source of water by the pulp industry allowed water levels to rise sharply during Instead of the usual fall and winter rise of 2 to 7 feet, water levels rose 24 feet from 78 feet to 54 feet below land surface from June 1963 through December The alteration of the pattern of fluctuations of water levels was probably also the result of above average annual rainfall in the area during The long-term trends and fluctuations of ground-water levels at Panama City are shown by the hydrograph of well Bay 7, figure 12. The decline of water level in well Bay 7 represents the maximum known decline in the area and is caused by pumping in nearby wells. In August 1936, the water level in well Bay 7 was about 36 feet below land surface, while in June 1963, it was about 78 feet below land surface, a maximum decline of 42 feet. NORTHERN AND NORTH-CENTRAL FLORIDA Northern and north-central Florida as used in this report extends from the Apalachicola River eastward to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Georgia line southward to the latitude of Ocala, figure 13, and includes 24 counties and parts of Levy Marion, and Volusia counties. The Floridan aquifer is the principal source of ground-water supply in areas along the coast in

36 A L A B A M A F L O I " ESCAMBIA SANTA ROSA OKALOOSA WALTON -n-ao i Line o equal net change of ground. Interval I I2 level tut. / e quier, Lt the Floridan aquifer. Interval esto. 023 Oblervatton well and number. D< 46 I, ""'" SCA MILES Figure 9. Map showing net change of ground-water levels, Pensacola and Ft. Walton areas, May 1951 to May.

37 A L A B A M A lpion +2- S 0 L in' of t equal net change of ground. water levels in the Floridan aqufter. I IInterval 2 feet. ESCA BIA A. SANTA ROSA OKALOOSA WALTON --- l e, -- 2 \ Lino of equal not change of groundwater levels in the aandnd-andgravel k aquifor. Interval 2 fee,. \ Observation vell and numbe r" * 309., R I 2I 0 8_ SCALE MILES * co Wit o c I O Figure 10. Map showing net change of ground-water levels, Pensaoola and Ft. Walton areas, May to 5 May 1964.

38 32 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY t!cq sand-and-shell aquifer. TALLAHASSEE AREA The Tallahassee area includes central Leon County and the City of Tallahassee. The area is primarily residential and only sparse light industry is located in this area. The principal water user, the City of Tallahassee, supplies water for municipal use to the most rapidly growing residential and educational complex in the Big Bend. Since 1945, annual municipal pumpage at Tallahassee has increased 365 percent from about 850 mgy to 3,100 mgy. Figure 14 shows pumpage during for the City of Tallahassee. Fluctuations of water levels in the Floridan aquifer at Tallahassee are shown by the hydrograph, figure 15, of well Leon 7, which shows a downward trend during and an upward trend in response to above average rainfall during The graph shows characteristic seasonal trends with high levels in the spring and low levels in the fall. Figure 16 shows water levels in well Leon 7 for the period

39 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO WALTON 13 DEPTH 450 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 26 I 24-- S S _J 16 > _j 4-12 <1o 50 8 ping < Water level is effected by regional pumping S ^ _ BAY 7 DEPTH 253 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER z J - r i ; S t ^ S z W f ^ - -T V S I I M _ ~ K J' 84 26E , Wole, level affected by pumping of nearby wells _ rough ]9I o 6 _-----_ _ e 4 S X A1 I Uj \ ' L. 18 S j ,i 24, ,2- I Figure 12. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Walton 13 at. Point Washington, Bay 7 at Panama City, and Washington 4, at Caryville.

40 0 1 0 A0 A \II/I E ti. A N 6 1 A U,,,, ) / * l.i ' I " / - U -JC I 7E. 0 N. v* I... " \ o. 0 L A W A I U L L A, / AN.. * -, / I! \. n --*--_L. 0 L & A a,t.u N I a N, 0 / C L A Y Fw R A N L I N I %I- M «yr.^ I 0 GULF OF MEI/CO ' -. ' l I -. 1 _....,,FLAGL«IION -%0-IL----- " 9 V, y* m A I 1 I! SV MAU ON S.VOLUSIA I Figure 18. Map showing locations of observation wells in northern and north-central Florida for which hydrographs are given.

41 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO I- - I A -- 3, _. _-_ Figure 14. Graph of total yearly pumpage., City of Tallahassee. FERNANDINA-JACKSONVILLE FERNANDINA-JACKSONVILLE AREA The Fernandina-Jacksonville area is one of the largest industrialized areas in the State, with water use increasing as a result of the rapid economic expansion. Figure 17 shows total yearly municipal pumpage for Jacksonville from Ground-water levels in the Fernandina-Jacksonville area have been declining for a considerable period of time. Trends and seasonal fluctuations of the. water levels in the Floridan aquifer at Jacksonville are shown for well Duval 122 and for well Duval 164 near Mayport. Hydrographs of wells in the Floridan aquifer in Nassau and Duval counties are shown in figures 16 and 18. Water levels declined to near record low levels in many wells in the area during Maximum decline of water levels occurred in well Nassau 12 in the Fernandina area. Levels, in this well, declined 47 feet from 29 feet above to 18 feet below land surface during The maximum decline was 59 feet for the period of record In contrast, water levels in well Nassau 51, approximately 20 miles inland, declined only.about 13 feet during Water levels in well Duval 122 at Jacksonville declined nearly 22 feet from 1930 to 1964, while along the coastal area in Duval County water levels generally declined about 18 feet in well Duval 164. These declines are part of the broad regional

42 36 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY T- I- S \ '/ FLORIOAN AQUIFER SiV V DEPTH 314FT. I St Z 6 J F 0 A J 2I!& A S '9j IFMA 'J J'A'S'O'N'IDj F M J J ASON J FM AM JJ ASONO Dj J FM_M J_ l J S 0 N I II in well Leon 7 and departures from monthly normal precipitation atm -<l (JF M'a'J S Jt 'AS ON DJ FMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJJ ASONDJSFMAMJ JSASON 1960 I Figure 15. Hydrograpbs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels Tallahassee, lowering of water levels as may be seen in figure 19, which shows the net change of ground-water levels in several counties. CENTRAL FLORIDA Central Florida, as used in this report, includes 20 counties and covers about 18,000 square miles. The extent of this region

43 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO LEON 7 DEPTH 314 FT. CASED 165 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER l \ 1-u '525- ^ ~ Z f uo S J _j 173 Water level is affected by pumping of nearby wells 176 MADISON DEPTH 322 FT. CASED 307 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER,-., 17 w< za V) 26 >z wo 35 Iw 38' COLUMBIA 9 DEPTH 836 FT. CASED 680 FT. FLORIDAN AOUIFER LJ uj j >z i _j 90 crg I6 \ I o :" N30 ASSAU 12 DEPTH 640 FT FLORIDAN AQUIFER Li ^ Sc Woter level on Mor. 8, 199 was L i 40.9 feet above land surface Wi " i \ Wate level, is- affcte byre-oalpupi Z < 0I-- - x [ M I 1 V I I I I /I ^ j - - ^ / S-30 >, J-2 Water level is offected by regional pumping _ Figure 16. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Leon 7 at Tallahassee, Madison 18 near Madison, Columbia 9 at Lake City, and Nassau 12 near Fernandina. Lake City, and Nassau 12 near Fernandina.

44 38 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY Figure 17. Graph of total yearly pumpage, City of Jacksonville. and location of observation wells for which hydrographs are given are shown in figure 20. The principal source of ground-water supply in western coastal and central peninsular Florida is the Floridan aquifer. In the eastern coastal area, the nonartesian shallow-sand aquifer is the chief source. w x > S ~^ ^ ^2. Central Florida includes four rapidly growing centers of population and industry: the Tampa-St. Petersburg area, the Lakeland area, the Orlando-Cape Kennedy area, the Sarasota-Bradenton area. TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG AREA This area, particularly in the vicinity of Tampa and St. Petersburg, is undergoing a rapid expansion in both industry and population. The long-term trends and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Floridan aquifer in the Tampa-St. Petersburg area are shown in figure 21. The hydrographs show a similarity of waterlevel fluctuations in well Pasco 13 near Ehren and well Hillsborough 13 near Citrus Park, during the period 1945 through. Drought conditions and increased pumping during caused water levels in Hillsborough 13 to decline to the lowest levels of record in Rainfall recorded at Tampa and the fluctuations of the water level in well Hillsborough 13 for the period

45 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO NASSAU 51 DEPTH 580 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 42 I LJ ,H u 34 u,5 z. 32 -J - 30 S Waler level is affected by regional pumping 342- ' _ -_ -- < DUVAL 122 DEPTH 905 FT. CASED 571 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER ii^, I---.. ter level is ffected 31 -I - I L I. 37 < D29 43 DUVAL 64 DEPTH 840 FT. CASED 450 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER ond regional pumping,21, I --L 1-27 Water -- level is affected by tides I - II I I - MARION -5 DEPTH 135 FT. CASED 135 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER cl ^ - - ^\- w 14 L 12 I I L i l l j r J 4 12 reid,an Iumpinl -, 4 94 I I 1 0 C -0 2 I> M PUTNAM 29 DEPTH 300 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 14 nea Mu ) Figure 18. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Nassau 51 at Callahan, Duval 122 at Jacksonville, Duval 164 near Mayport, Marion 5 near Ocala, and Putnam 29 at Palatka.

46 N eja NASSA r NA, q 'i * 7 e :',* ".. o --.,0.'.. 94 I 1. ' ' --- PLANATION V 0 V *A)NVL 4i UA wt 19O S. o psnn at lw si i n ai % z I \ \ 9 t n' 113 M' 4, L o 91 Cno PUTNAM \. - -, FLAG. PUTNAM,0LER A Y j Figure 19. Maps showing net changes of ground-water levels in Jacksonville and Fernandina areas, May 1951 to May and from May to May 1964.

47 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO LEV Yc V O L U S I A S. -., I '" *- --.*9. - g -- i ---. HIGHLAN I SINDI N G E AN RIVERA / A" "- --,,\ I \\{\ A AP 0 L K \ " p A S S CTO E L A ^^^ I "I S T L.- U C I I Sn r ' i. i wwr r.d r I Figure 20. Map showing locations of observation wells in central Florida for which hydrographs are given. is shown in figure 22. Near Ruskin, in southern Hillsborough County, water levels in well Hillsborough 30 declined to the lowest level of record in 1963, shown in figure 23. This decline is part of an extensive regional lowering of water levels which extends from southern Hillsborough County into Sarasota County. (See figure on page 54). Water levels in two Pinellas County wells, Pinellas 13 and 246, are shown in figure 23. No apparent trend is noted for Pinellas 13. However, a slight downward trend from 1946 through 1956 can be noted for Pinellas 246. This downward trend -was reversed during the latter part of 1956 and levels continued to rise through 1959 and were about average for the period of record The changes in chloride content of water from two wells in the Floridan aquifer in Pinellas County are shown in figure 24.

48 42 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY PASCO 13 DEPTH 49 FT. CASED 43 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 0 2 4^ M I- ' 1A- i LL ~ HILLSBOROUGH 13 DEPTH 347 FT. CASED 46 FT FLORIDAN AQUIFER *. IV.- ' V [ : 12 ID ,-13--i i er level is affected by lu in of neorb wells Sa1 Iii---i Figure 21. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Pasco 13 near Ehren and Hillsborough 13 near Citrus Park, Tampa area. The chloride content of well Pinellas 592 at Bay Pines ranged from 1,000 ppm (parts per million) to 2,200 ppm from The chloride content of well Pinellas 166 at Dunedin ranged from about 20 ppm to 1,000 ppm during the same period. The chloride content in both wells decreased during During the chloride content in well 592 increased nearly to the 1959 concentration. In contrast, the chloride content in well 166 remained low during and at the end of the year was well below the 1959 concentration. LAKELAND AREA In the Lakeland area, like others in Florida, ground water is being pumped at an increasing rate commensurate with the econ6-

49 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO v.i \ I i FLORIOAN AQUIFER DEPTH 347FT ) 6 60at Tampa, t96di I I -% in well Hillsbiorough 13 and departures from montly normal t precipitation mic growth of the area. Municipal pumpage at Lakeland increased about 118 percent during the 12-year period Figure 25 shows the total yearly municipal pumpage at Lakeland for Annual industrial pumpage in Polk County is presently (1964) about 68,000 million gallons. The marked decline of water levels in the Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of Lakeland is shown in figure 26. A maximum decline about 9 feet in well Polk 45 occurred during May 1960 through May.

50 44 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY HILLSBOROUGH 30 DEPTH 500 FT. CASED 34 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER _-I ^ -, r 7 21 ^ ^f a I, 7J - - i _- 9 : -" -iii b ic es 25 5PINELAS 13 DEPTH 141 FTý CASED 33 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER I-,S - DEPTH FT FLORIDAN A< UIFER5, S and Pinells 26 at ^ og / -. ' and declined slightly in From record low water levels near Davenport rose about 2 feet in. Althoh w r declining feet well Polk 45 in the heavily pumped area south of Lakeland and to nearly new 3 feet record in well low Polk levels 44 near during Davenport rose in northeastern sharply in 2196 and declined slightly in From record low water levels Figurose during Hydrographs showingnward trends and fluctuations of water levelsar an man areas fcinu nortern Pk Cuny wate r levels ran afterom artesian aquifers continued. During 1964 water levels ranged from

51 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO Floridon Depth Aquifer 200ft z 200 FL o PINELLAS PI I z g , I.- 0 <L> _--_ u at Bay Pines and 16 Floridon Depth t Dunedin St. Petersburarea. Aquifer 300 ft. Figure 24. Graphs showing changes in chloride content in wells Pinellas 592 at Bay Pines and 166 at Dunedin, St. Petersburg area.

52 46 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY C Figure 25. Graph showing total yearly pumpage, City of Lakeland. 8.5 feet below 1960 highest levels in the Floridan aquifer near Lakeland to 1 foot lower than 1960 levels in the shallow-sand nonartesian aquifer near Davenport. Long-term trends and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Lakeland area are shown in figure 27. Water levels in the artesian aquifer, in southern Polk County, and in the shallow-sand aquifer, in southeastern Polk County and in central Highlands County, are shown in figure 28. The most prominent.features illustrated by the hydrographs in figure 28 are the fluctuation of water levels in the artesian aquifer and in the shallow-sand aquifer caused by the droughts of and and subsequent recovery of levels during post-drought periods. In southern Polk County at Frostproof, water levels declined about 11 feet in the artesian aquifer in well Polk 51 from January 1960 to May. In central Highlands County near Sebring, levels declined nearly 6 feet in the nonartesian aquifer in well Highlands 10 during the same period. During ground-water levels rose sharply. However, in most wells, the recovery of levels in did not exceed those of Water levels during 1964 ranged from 1.5 feet below 1960 highest levels in the artesian aquifer at Frostproof to 5.1 feet lower than 1960 levels in the nonartesian aquifer in central Highlands County. In southern Osceola and southeastern Highlands counties, water levels in the nonartesian aquifer ranged from 1 foot lower in wells Osceola 183 and Okeechobee 3 to 2.4 feet lower than 1960 levels in well Highlands 13. Figure'29

53 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO FLORIDAN AQUIFER DEPTH 643FT. 72 r POLK FMAMJJASOND JFM AMJ JA SO N D JFMAMJJASON D JFMAMJ J AS ONDIJ F'M'AMJ J AS 0 ND 1960EO S i.l LI I l... _ t6 I-IFMAMJ JASON J FMAMJJ ASOND JFMAMJ J ASOND JFMAMJ J AS O NDJ FMAMJ J ASOND Figure 26. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Polk 45 near Lakeland and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Lakeland, shows fluctuations of water levels in the shallow nonartesian aquifer in Highlands, Okeechobee, and Osceola counties. ORLANDO AREA The Orlando area includes the cities of Orlando, Winter Park, and Maitland in north central Orange County. The Floridan aquifer supplies most of the water for municipal and industrial needs in the area. Trends and fluctuations of ground-water levels in the

54 48 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY POLK 44 DEPTH 195 FT. CASED 81 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER S-4S S0 > S F I '--c, L.A _ : L*-Z7-T L _-_---_ a j - _ POLK DEPTH 643 FT. CASED 325 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER a A S y h ^ J----L _ - L ST ^ o-- WO * p _----_-_ I I POLK 47 DEPTH 67 FT. CASED 59 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) C ^ a^ _ 43 S L >z45-- y^..,.., 46 " ^ / r,. h - ^ Sy46----^ I J Figure 27. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Polk 44 and 47 near Davenport and Polk 45 near Lakeland, Lakeland area.

55 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO POLK 49 DEPTH 17 FT. CASED 14 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) S +2 i S g _ u" -4-5 W I POLK 51 DEPTH 319 FT. CASED 208 FT. HAWTHORN FORMATION (ARTESIAN) I t SI J 9 _ J --- L w j z uj j-I J 17 > 16 I J Water W mle.l is affecled by regionql I-- f-f-- 1-f HIGHLANDS IO DEPTH 45 FT CASED 41 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) S HIGHLANDS 10 DEPTH 45 FT CASED 41 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) e S ^ U Q V S r S ±. Y S35 W> ^ S Fiur 28. droga-h-- howng trndsnd-fuctutionsof-wter-evel lands 10 near Sebring.

56 50 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY HIGHLANDS 13 DEPTH 20 FT. CASED 16 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) L----Li/ _-- W d 75 W ,,, ,J OSCEOLA 183 DEPTH 27 FT. CASED 22 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) 3-r "----~-~ , 168 6a ^-- ' OKEECHOBEE 3 DEPTH 22 FT. CASED 19 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) 58 II- z u h i54 60 reo ihs - gf 0o n l fr d--n ^-,. 52 Figure 29. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Highlands 13, Osceola 183, and Okeechobee 3 in the Kissimmee Valley. Floridan aquifer and nonartesian aquifer near Orlando are shown in figure 30. The long-term trend of artesian water levels in the Floridan aquifer in the Orlando area is illustrated in figure 31. The hydrograph of well Orange 47 shows levels declined from the highest of record in the spring of 1960 to a new low of record in. A maximum fluctuation of 22 feet was recorded during this period. From May to September 1964 levels rose about 8 feet, however, they remained below the average level of previous years. however, they remained below the average level of previous years.

57 INFORMATIOIN CIRCULAR NO S.4 S\Oronoe 47B / -16, ' t 0 VD I M',;on A I, J FMAMJJ ASON D IJ F MA J J AS ON DJ F MA'M J AS N FM M MJJASO JONO D FMAMJ JAS OND normal precipitation at Orlando, JFMAMJ JA SONi 03 F MJASON 0ASONO FMAMJJ ASO NO J U A+NJF JASOAOIFS1JJ0ASONDJFM M S A 0 M N0FJ J J MJJ SON' J FMAMJJ +960 A S O N D J Figure 30. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Orange 47 and 47B near Orlando and departures from monthly Titusville in Brevard County. Water in the Floridan aquifer in the CAPE KENNEDY AREA Figure 30. Hydrographs showingwater-level fluctuations in easwateral Flor-evels ida wells in Orange 47 and 47Bian River, and St. Lucie counties from monthly The Cape Kennedy area, one of the most rapidly growing areas drograhs normal precipitatiof wells in Brevard County generally show a, in the State, includes the cities of Cocoa, Cocoa Beach, and Titusville in Brevard County. Water in the Floridan aquifer in the area is generally brackish and is used primarily for irrigation. Figure 32 shows water-level fluctuations in eastern coastal Florida in Brevard, Indian River, and St. Lucie counties. Hydrographs of wells in Brevard County generally show a

58 52 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY ORANGE 47 DEPTH 350 FT. CASED 328 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER ^ _ a l------l- -6.5i: U- -4~ U J----- ^~ ~ rr _ r. -3O S 6-d -- -7J -6',-, - -,-- o ~j_ : Hydrographs of wells in the shallow-sand aquifer in Indian -17 in well Orange 47, near Orlando Figure 31- Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Orange 47, near Orlando. long-term downward average trend of artesian levels in the Floridan aquifer. Since 1946, artesian water levels have declined about 6 feet in well Brevard 19 near Melbourne and Eau Gallie and about 8 feet in well Brevard 148 at Cocoa. Levels have declined about 4 feet in well Brevard 79 in northern Brevard County about 28 miles northwest of Cape Kennedy. Hydrographs of wells in the shallow-sand aquifer in Indian River and St. Lucie counties indicate no apparent downward trend of ground-water levels during the period of record. SARASOTA-BRADENTON AREA The Sarasota-Bradenton area includes Manatee and Sarasota counties in southwestern coastal Florida. The principal economic activities in the area are agriculture and stock raising. The coastal section, however, is rapidly developing as a retirement and yearround tourist center. Figure 33 shows the trends and fluctuations of water levels in observation wells Manatee 92 and Sarasota 9. Hydrographs of

59 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO BREVARD 19 DEPTH 413 FT. CASED 80 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 39D A ~ 29 ( _25- " U _ :a >- 22 w 21 " " 18 _, ' - j- BREVARD 79 DEPTH 160 FT. CASED 85 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER - - &L * _ - - _ _ - m > < -5 1 V A: I ^A1 V n S-' k I A AA 14 BREVARD 148 DEPTH 206 FT. CASED 105 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 10 > 8.j _J 7 I y _ 30 3 S INDIAN RIVER 25 -L- -- DEPTH 19 FT. -L------IIIlIFIILL CASED 13 FT. SHALLOW SAND AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) S J - U "UJ _ zw ± 26 "1 II I I L I I S j U U, 287 Irw 25 ca Figure 32. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels near Cape Kennedy and eastern-central coastal Florida.

60 54 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY MANATEE 92 DEPTH 600 FT. CASED 154 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER I I A A I I I 37R -i IV, 'J I S ^ ^ ~-- S S i Water el is affected by regional pumuping Im f SARASOTA 9 DEPTH 730 FT. CASED 101 FT. FLORIDAN AQUIFER '"l S I I u. -7 U_ Water lelis affected r Figure 33. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Manatee 92 and Sarasota 9, Sarasota-Bradent on area. w s in May. Water levels have been declinin both wells show declines of artesian water levels in the Floridan aquifer in Manatee and Sarasota counties. Levels in well Manatee 92 have declined feet from feet below land surface in May 1947 to a new record low of feet below land surface in April Water levels in this well have been declining at an average overall rate of about one foot each year since Levels in well Sarasota 9 have declined 8.45 feet from 0.95 foot above land surface in May 1947 to a new record low level of 9.40 feet below land surface in May Water levels have been declinfni,

61 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO MANATEE ' 1 SAR OESOTO HIGHLANDS OKEECHOBEE ST. LUCIE SARASOTA.MAR.T.I N I L E OE LB E A C H e I----- I P S\ 5 _... \.. SB R 0 W A R 0 S 1 C 0 L L E R i- i -... r Flrd f-*r w i c- 0 I_ G!.9- G G6 G111 G553 graphs os (fig )n. " 7e 'igure 34. Map showing location of wells in southern Florida for which hydrographs are given. Comparison of the hydrograph of well Manatee 92 to that of well Sarasota 9 shows that the decline is accelerating in Manatee County. The regional extent of the decline is shown by hydrographs of well Hillsborough 30 (fig. 23) and wells Manatee 92 and Sarasota 9 (fig. 33). The decline includes an area of about at least 600 square miles extending from southern Hillsborough County to northern Sarasota County.

62 56 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY 20 SNONARTESIAN AQUIFER DEPTH 27FT FJFMA J JA SONOJ J FMAMJ J A SOND J FMAMJ J ASONDJ FMAMJ J ASONOJ FMAMJ'J AS ONO S \ A -6 - * J _ i : 1E24 M J J A O DJ F MAMJ J A SOND FM AMJJ ASON DJ FM AM J A S ND J F MA MJ J A SOND Figure 35. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Lee 246 near Ft. Myers and departures from normal monthly precipitation at Ft. Myers, SOUTHERN FLORIDA The southern Florida region includes all counties south of a line through Desoto County and covers an area of about 17,500 square miles. The region and the locations of selected observation wells for which hydrographs are presented are shown on figure 34. In southern Florida, nonartesian aquifers are the principal source of water supply. In the coastal areas of Martin and Palm Beach counties, a nonartesian shallow-sand aquifer is the chief source of supply; in Broward and Dade counties, the Biscayne aquifer is the principal source; and in southwestern coastal Florida and inland areas, nonartesian shallow-sand and shell aquifers are the main sources.

63 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO LEE 246 DEPTH 27 FT. CASED 19 FT. TAMIAMI FORMATION (NONARTESIAN) Water level is affeted by pmping of nerby wells 13 COLLIER DEPTH 54 FT. CASED 22 FT. TAMIAMI FORMATION (NONARTESIAN) 27 IJ 25 > 24 g < 6 I,E _ _--_ :i:: > 'L- 12 IC -,,u 2 l I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 1 I MARTIN 147 DEPTH 74 FT. CASED 73 FT. SANDSTONE AQUIFER (NONARTESIAN) w II a > I I III::A \< I -2A S - W- ter leve- is ff-ected, by. p-mpr-, of ne-rby l11_ near mmo ee, nd Martin 147 at Stuart. Figure 36. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Lee 246 near Ft. Myers, Collier 54 Everglades area, Collier 131

64 58 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY 210 ISO 150 Figure 37. Graph of total year pumpage, City of Stuart. FT. MYERS AREA The Ft. Myers area includes Lee and Charlotte counties, and like the Bradenton-Sarasota area to the north is developing rapidly as a winter tourist and retirement center. The principal source of ground water in the Ft. Myers area is the nonartesian aquifers. Figure 35 shows the seasonal fluctuations of ground-water levels in well Lee 246 and rainfall at Ft. Myers for the period Generally, seasonal fluctuations of water levels in nonartesian aquifers closely correspond to seasonal fluctuations in the amounts of rainfall. Figure 36 shows the trends and fluctuations of water levels in nonartesian aquifers for selected wells in southern Florida. STUART-WEST PALM BEACH AREA This area includes coastal parts of Martin and Palm Beach counties and is a segment of the rapidly growing, populous, coastal complex extending from Jacksonville southward through the Keys Average yearly municipal pumpage at- Stuart increased nearly 450 percent between and as shown in figure 37. The principal source of water supply in the Stuart area is the

65 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO to Nnortes;on Aqunfer Dep lh 74 It SFMAMJ ASONOJFMAMJISONDJFMIAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASON * IJ FMM J JASONO JFMA MJ J ASOND JFMAMJ JASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASOND Figure 38. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Martin 147 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at Stuart, nonartesian shallow-sand aquifer. Trends of water levels in the nonartesian aquifer at Stuart are shown in figure 36. The hydrograph of well Martin 147 shows a downward trend of nonartesian levels. Levels declined to a record-low level of about 2 feet above mean sea level in the spring of and The declines during were caused, in part, by increased pumping in the Stuart well field. Although pumpage increased during 1964, water levels rose in response to above average rainfall. Figure 38 shows trends of water levels and rainfall recorded at Stuart,

66 60 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY SI NONARTESIAN AOUIFER r AMJ J OA OJ F AM JJASOND F MA J J A SO NDIJ FMAMJ JA SONDOJ FMAMJ J AS N D "rw P96D Figure 39. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Palm Beach 88 and departures from monthly normal precipitation at figures 40 and 41. southern Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade counties. Figure 39 shows the trends and fluctuations of end-of-month water levels in well Palm Beach 88 and rainfall data at West Palm Beach. Fluctuations of water levels for several selected wells are shown in FT. LAUDERDALE AREA The Ft. Lauderdale area includes the populous coastal part of Broward County, extending from the Deerfield-Boca Raton area in the northern nrearfr part of Broward County, C tohe ote Hollywood area in the S32 southern at Ft. Lauderdale part of the a(fig. county. 41). Long-term downward trends of water levels in the Biscayne aquifer in, and adjacent to, the Ft. Lauderdale area are shown by the hydrograph of well Brow'ard The Biscayne aquifer contains salty water in areas adjacent The Biscayne aquifer contains salty water in areas adjacent

67 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO PALM BEACH 88 DEPTH 17 FT. CASED 16 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER 12 Ui I _j r FI n E I z 57 4W 5 2 Prior to 1951 records were put;lish~ed1 with reference Iato land urface 14.44f. aobove mon eo level S3ROWARD G561 DEPTH 20 FT. CASED 20 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER W + SI Prior to 1951 records were published with reference 6 to nd urfpc 1. ft. above mean a level I---- \f\ 4^ -: c.0 +7 ow + Prior to 1951 records I - e wer blished with reference I + -t -2.11c1 to- la ce obove man1 mea n *eo level - S0 W 8 A D F F+4 > 6 8, S I *< 5 DADE G553 DEPTH 91 FT. CASED 79 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER Prior: to 1951 records were published with reference to land surface I f- aov. mean sea level. 'I J z + ~~ i~ 1 ~i W Z "2 I -I : Figure 40. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Palm Beach 88 near West Palm Beach, Broward G561 and G617 near Ft. Lauderdale, and Dade G553 near Miami.

68 62 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY SI7 BROWARD F291 DEPTH 107 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER I1-2. _I_A " ll'l CC IaO S...U i,'!1 _,DADE S18 DEPTH 52 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER SI I I.. I L I -31 lllllll I AI I I I I II i -2 < _ I l ll. VA, II A - 35 f 0 DAOE Si96A DEPTH 20 FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER E- ; 1 oade RCOADE Fs79 F S79 DEPTH 77 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER ~ S ne ROWARD s329 DEPTH 68 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER 10 J I I I I I I I I I I I k is dfected" by pun in, 'III" 3 -ewbi 2 ii I ii

69 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO BROWARD G514 DEPTH 177FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER 3000f 4000 T I-f- j--l BROWARD S830 DEPTH II9FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER I j S I-^ SOC ai »», L. _ zs Lj DADE F296 DEPTH 47FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER o _ " SO _ w J------_J S60150 U Ir ^ 5C BoC \---- ^[^ Z F ==- w DADE F64 DEPTH 114FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER ^ r ^ B0 Figure 42. Hydrographs showing changes in chloride content of water in weills Broward G514 and 8830 near Ft. Lauderdale, and Dade F296 and F64 near Miami. to the coast and along tidal canals. Figure 42 shows graphs of the chloride content of water in wells Broward G514 and S830 in the vicinity of the Ft. Lauderdale Dixie well field and in wells Dade F296 and F64 in North Miami Beach and Miami. The chloride content in well Broward S830 declined from about 3700 ppm in 1947 to the lowest chloride content of record in The chloride content increased from the low of 1958 to nearly 2000 ppm in 1963.

70 64 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY MIAMI AREA The Miami area includes Broward and Dade counties and is the most populous area in the State. The principal source of water supply is the Biscayne aquifer, the extent of which is shown on figure 1. The locations of selected observation wells in the Miami area for which hydrographs are given, are shown by figure 34. Water-level observations were made as early as near Homestead in well Dade S196A. Long-term record of water-level fluctuations at Homestead are shown in figure 41. Figure 43 shows trends of water levels and rainfall recorded at Homestead Experimental Station Except for the relatively narrow coastal strip, most of the Miami area is occupied by the Everglades. Fluctuations of groundwater levels in the Everglades are shown by hydrographs of wells Dade G72, G596, G618, and G620, figures 44 and 45. Fluctuations of ground-water levels in the Biscayne aquifer in the vicinity of Miami are illustrated by hydrographs of wells Dade G10 about 5 miles west of Miami, Dade S19 at Miami Springs (fig. 44), and well Dade F179 at Miami (fig. 41). The water level in well Dade S19 is affected by pumping in the municipal well field of the City of Miami. In the Miami area, as in other coastal areas, the presence of salty water in an aquifer is signalled by high chloride content of the ground water. The seaward reaches of the Biscayne Aquifer contain sea water and some encroachment of sea water into the aquifer has occurred through the years. Water control measures have checked the encroachment and as a result a freshening of the ground water has occurred in some areas. Generally, chloride content of ground water decreased in the Miami area and in southern coastal Dade County during Figure 42 shows fluctuations of chloride content of ground water in the Biscayne aquifer in the Miami area. Chloride content of ground water in well Dade F64 in Miami decreased to the lowest of record since During , chlorides ranged from 250 to 550 ppm in this well. Chloride content of ground water in the Biscayne aquifer ranged from 400 to 700 ppm in well F296 on the coast north of Miami. Chloride content was generally lower during than during. Near the eastern edge of the Miami well field area in Miami Springs, chloride content decreased from 900

71 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO DADE _ j \ S19 A BISCAYNE AQUIFER DEPTH 2FT. JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAM JJASOND F M A MJ M J J A SO N DIJ F MA MJ J A SO ND J F MA M J J AS O N DJ F AM.AMJ J A SO ND J F MA MJ J A SO ND S Figure 43. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in well Dade S196A, and departures from monthly normal, precipitation at Homestead Experimental Station, ppm in 1946 to 100 ppm in in well Dade G354. During , chloride content decreased to the lowest of record in this well. In southern coastal Dade County, chloride content of ground water in the Biscayne aquifer generally decreased or remained at low concentrations in several areas during Chloride content decreased to less than 500 ppm in well Dade S529 on the coast and that of well Dade G212 southeast of Homestead remained at less than 200 ppm during In sharp contrast, the chloride content in well Dade G469 near the coast south of Miami increased from about 20 ppm in 1961 to about 8600 ppm in 1964 as a result of new canal construction in that area. In the Miami area, as in other coastal areas, the contamination of the Biscayne aquifer by the encroachment of salty water is an ever-present problem. Through intensive practice of water control the problem of prevention of salt-water contamination has been solved. In many areas where contamination existed the situation

72 66 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY ~~~ -: \ i _-----z S19 DEPTH 95 FT CASED 91 FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER II I I I - I I I I- I I j. i I Woter level is offected by pumping of neorby wells 3- - ii ic LL 6! iai i I II I I1 r DADE GIO DEPTH 6 FT CASED 6 FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER i 1A A0E G72 DEPTH 5 FT CASED 4 FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER 2 - -i A I I : V - 11 I I 1 I'll IT A I Fiue4.Eyrgah 3 soigted n 1 u lctain y fwtrlvl inwlsdd I n I ermamaddd 7 otws foa locke ha enalvae ywtrcnto.teefcieeso h1975 mehdo oto i lutae n iue4 yte hoiegah o wel aeg5 34 n 59 Figure 44. Hydrographs showing trends and fluctuations of water levels in wells Dade 819 and G10 near Miami, and Dade G72 northwest of Opalocka. has been alleviated by water control. The effectiveness of the method of control is illustrated in figure 46 by the chloride graphs of wells Dade G212, G354, and S529.

73 INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO DADE G596 DEPTH 13 FT. CASED II FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER 12 W C Y iio 9 -l, 7--- ItI I \ iii S im -I DADE G618 DEPTH 20 FT. CASED II FEET BISCAYNE AQUIFER 10 DADE G613 DEPTH 21 FT CASED 18 FT BISCAYNE AQUFER Oll i 9 J 7 V) 4 z <.53, -I +7ADE G613 DEPTH 21 FT. CASED 18 FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER t1,j +5\ _4 ~ < i _l w Z Figure in wells 45. Dade Hydrographs G1596, showing 618, G613, trends and and G620 fluctuations in central of Dade water County. levels in wells Dade G596, G618, G613, and G620 in central Dade County.

74 68 DIVISION OF GEOLOGY DADE G 354 DEPTH 91FT. CASED 88FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER DADE G580 DEPTH 10OFT CASED 95FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER OO - ^.c A9 4CO D- DE G C469 DEPTH 137FT CASED 92FT BISCAYNE AQUIFER If ~ Room o. I I I L C I 0-- DADE S529 DEPTH 19FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER " L ~ ~ S DADOE G212 DEPTH 79 FT. BISCAYNE AQUIFER a" S 196W \ 1980 Figure 46. Hydrographs showing changes in chloride content of water in wells Dade G354 and G580 near Miami and Dade 0469, G469, S529, and G212 in southeastern Dade County.

75

76 -FLORIDA-GEOLOGICAL-SURV COPYRIGHT NOTICE [year of publication as printed] Florida Geological Survey [source text] The Florida Geological Survey holds all rights to the source text of this electronic resource on behalf of the State of Florida. The Florida Geological Survey shall be considered the copyright holder for the text of this publication. Under the Statutes of the State of Florida (FS ; , and ), the Florida Geologic Survey (Tallahassee, FL), publisher of the Florida Geologic Survey, as a division of state government, makes its documents public (i.e., published) and extends to the state's official agencies and libraries, including the University of Florida's Smathers Libraries, rights of reproduction. The Florida Geological Survey has made its publications available to the University of Florida, on behalf of the State University System of Florida, for the purpose of digitization and Internet distribution. The Florida Geological Survey reserves all rights to its publications. All uses, excluding those made under "fair use" provisions of U.S. copyright legislation (U.S. Code, Title 17, Section 107), are restricted. Contact the Florida Geological Survey for additional information and permissions.