Energy yield and economic value of energy crops for vehicle fuel production ~ Why is the biogas system worse off than other systems?
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1 Energy yield and economic value of energy crops for vehicle fuel production ~ Why is the biogas system worse off than other systems? Mikael Lantz Environmental and Energy System Studies Lund Institute of Technology
2 Energy balances Compare different crops/fuels and production systems regarding energy efficiency vehicle fuel production need for fossil fuel etc. The result can vary considerably between different studies! Dangerous to make general conclusions
3 Energy balance for bioethanol - Swedish studies 6 Ethanol / used enery Cereals Cellulose Wine Source: Pål Börjesson/ VLstiftelsen
4 Reasons for differences in energy balances Geographic localisation (Climate, available crops) Cultivation practise (Mechanisation, fertilisation) Crop yields Crop quality (Sugar/Starch/Oil/Methane potential) Transport (Distance, carrier) Production facility (Size, used technique and coproducts) Background energy system (Electricity, other fuels) Data quality (Age, reliability) System boundaries (Co-products) Allocation (Method, Co-products)
5 Net vehicle production Rapeseed - RM E Wheat-ethanol Ley crops - biogas Wheat - ethanol & biogas Sugar beet - ethanol & biogas Sugar beets and tops - biogas Willow - methanol/dme GJ per hectar Willow - methan * (1 m 3 oil 35 GJ) * Produced vehicle fuel used energy; Source: Pål Börjesson southern Sweden & good soil
6 Vehicle fuel production per hectar and year* 200 (1 m 3 oil 35 GJ) Rapeseed - RM E Wheat - ethanol Ley crops - biogas Vete-etanol & biogas Wheat - biogas Betor-etanol Betor-biogas & etanol Betor-biogas Betor & blastbiogas Salixmetanol/DME GJ per hektar Salixbiometan Net Gross *(Net production = Gross production total energy input; southern Sweden & good soil)
7 Transport service per hectar* Hybrid Miles per hectar RME & ethanol Biogas - Ley crops *(Based on net production; southern Sweden & good soil) Ethanol & biogas - wheat Biogas & ethanol -s.beets Methanol / DME -willow Source: Pål Börjesson Biomethan -willow Methanol / DME -willow
8 Energy balances Comparing the first generation of vehicle fuel, biogas presents the highest energy production per hectare (net and gross). The second generation of vehicle fuels provides further improvements but biogas is still competitive. The vehicles are also very important and comparison requires a system perspective.
9 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production Economic value ~ Acceptable price at break even (for the fuel producer)
10 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production Production mass balance Production cost The co-products economic value The fuels economic value
11 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production Co-digestion of manure and crop Danish + German plant data (CSTR) Large Scale Production (0,19 0,38 PJ) Gas grid injection (or similar) No investment grants Depreciation 15 years Interest 6 %
12 Ley crops for biogas Mass balance 0,7 kg ley crop (VS) + 0,3 kg manure (VS) ~0,3 m 3 CH 4 /kg VS added Production cost 310 kr/mwh vehicle gas (including capital, energy, maintenance and transport but excluding ley crop) Market value ley crop 0,85 kr/kg ds (including transport and storage) Market value vehicle gas 450 kr/mwh (at the plant, excluding transport and compression etc.)
13 Ley crops for biogas At break even the ley crop value is 0,5 kr/kg (60 %) In practise break even is not good enough!
14 140% 120% 100% Economic value (%) 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Rapeseed - RME Wheat - Ethanol Wheat-Ethanol & Biogas Wheat - Biogas Ley crop - Biogas
15 Ley crops - biogas Wheat - ethanol & biogas Wheat - biogas Wheat - Ethanol Rapeseed - RME Vehicle fuel (GJ/ha) Share of market price (%) Net Gross Value
16 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production
17 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production RME 6,8 kr/dm3 ~ 700 kr/mwh Etanol 5,5 kr/dm3 ~ 800 kr/mwh Biogas 4,4 kr/nm3 ~ 450 kr/mwh
18 -25% Base 25% 200% 180% 160% 140% Betalningsförmåga (%) 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Rapeseed - RME Rapeseed - RME & Biogas Wheat - Ethanol Wheat - Ethanol & Biogas Wheat - Biogas Ley crops - Biogas
19 160% 140% 120% Crop value (%) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Rapeseed - RME Rapeseed - RME & Biogas Wheat - Ethanol Wheat - Ethanol & Biogas Wheat - Biogas Ley crops - Biogas 20 year, 3 % 15 year, 6 % 10 year, 10 %
20 Energy crops economic value for vehicle fuel production Ethanol and RME are capable of paying market price for energy crops This depends on the value of the coproducts Biogas has a relatively low market value due to higher costs for distribution, vehicles etc. Increasing the biogas value with ~ 25 % market price for ley crops and wheat with combined production of biogas and ethanol.
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