Massawa Port Authority State of Eritrea. Petroleum Jetty ESIA

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Petroleum Jetty ESIA Volume 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Massawa Port Authority State of Eritrea Petroleum Jetty ESIA E150 v.6 Independent Category A Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Management Plan Study: Construction of Petroleum Jetty at Hirgigo Bay - Massawa 9A March 25, 2008

2 Contact: Dr. Robert Zwahlen Environment and Social Development Specialist Pöyry Energy Ltd. Hardturmstrasse 161, P.O. Box CH-8037 Zurich/Switzerland Tel Mobile Fax Copyright Pöyry Energy AG All rights are reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be copied or reproduced without permission in writing from Pöyry Energy AG

3 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page i Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS... II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...A 1 THE CONTEXT SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES EMP Summary of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Activities Institutional Requirements Project Owner Contractor Monitoring Monitoring Activities Internal Monitoring Contractor's Monitoring Equipment Monitoring by MPA External Monitoring Institutions External Experts Reporting CONTRACTUAL MEASURES SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATION ANNEX 1: MITIGATION MEASURES DATA SHEETS ANNEX 2: GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CLAUSES DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACT CLAUSES Environmental Management, Safety and Security Worksite/Camp Site Waste Management... 33

4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AIDS CD DOE DWT EMP ESA ESIA HIV LHI LPG m asl MOF MPA PoE RH STD TBC TOR WB Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Chart Datum Department of Environment Deadweight tonnage Environmental Management Plan Environmentally Sensitive Areas Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Human Immunodeficiency Virus Lanka Hydraulic Institute Liquefied Petroleum Gas meters above sea level Ministry of Fisheries Massawa Port Authority Panel of Experts Royal Haskoning (the Design Consultant) Sexually Transmitted Diseases Tuberculosis Terms of References World Bank

5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This EMP, Volume 4 of the ESIA Study for the Project of a new petroleum jetty at Hirgigo Bay - Massawa, describes in detail the important environmental mitigation measures identified during the impact assessment study (See Vol. 1). In a first part, the Project as such is being described shortly. The description of the preferred Alternative (which was originally Alternative 3) is given in the following Table. Table 1: Main characteristics of the preferred Alternative Item Dimension Observations Rock bund Trestle Product pipelines length crown width length width Fire fighting pipelines 625 m m 500 m m 16" for fuel oil 16" for white products (gasoil, gasoline, kerosene) 8" for LPG 12" salt water for fire fighting 6" spray and personnel protection Access road 5 m wide on jetty from shore to -5 m below CD concrete trestle space for adding 2 additional pipelines for white products Offloading 3 arms marine offloading arms Pipeline length on land 850 m Chapter 2 provides a summary of impacts and mitigation measures as described in Volume 1 (ESIA Report). Chapter 3 is the main part of this EMP and provides the information on the measures themselves and on institutional requirements. The following are the identified impacts requiring specific mitigation measures: 1. Air pollution 2. Noise 3. Pollution of coastal waters 4. Waste (domestic, solid, liquid, and hazardous) 5. Debris from existing jetty falling to sea bed 6. Work accidents, occupational health 7. Communicable diseases

6 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page B 8. Loss of marine habitat 9. Sediment mobilisation These measures are described shortly in a summarising Table; a second Table, similarly structured, describes the required monitoring activities. More details on each of the measures are provided in the Mitigation Measures Data Sheets in Annex 1. These sheets describe the impact and its importance, the required measures (including monitoring), the expected effect of the measure, and the responsibilities (for detailed planning, implementation of the measures, and monitoring). As far as possible, costs of the measures are identified. However, most measures have either to be integrated in the design of the Project or in the overall work plan of the contractor, and therefore in many cases it is not possible to actually identify costs specific to one measure. Most of the mitigation measures can be characterised as normal procedure and "good housekeeping practice" as required on any larger construction site. Some, however, especially those related to the protection of marine habitats, are project specific. The most important institutional requirements for implementation of mitigation measures and for monitoring are the following: The Contractor will have to include all these measures in his proposal and in his cost estimate. The Contractor will need to hire one person whose main responsibility will be the supervision (implementation and internal monitoring) of the specific environmental measures. Two other specialised personnel of the Contractor, the responsible person for safety and security, and the responsible for health services and first aid, will have to assume some responsibilities especially in relation to measures aiming at accident prevention and public health. These three specialists will, as part of their duty, carry out the internal monitoring and prepare the required reports (proposed are monthly progress and quarterly summarising reports). MPA as the project owner will need to have an environmental specialist for supervising the progress of the work and monitoring compliance with the conditions defined in this EMP. For some of the measures, periodic checking by the competent authority (DOE) will be required. This will be done based on the (quarterly) monitoring reports and on regular checks on site. It will be the decision of the burrower (the World Bank) whether an external independent monitoring (by means of hiring a recognised external expert, as routinely done in the form of a Panel of Experts in large WB projects) will be required. A short description of the duties of such a PoE is provided. Given the

7 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page C size of the Project, and especially the absence of socio-economic impacts, it is suggested that in this case one environmental expert should be sufficient for carrying out this work. Since all of these measures will have to be taken during - and most of them are restricted to - the construction period, and will therefore have to be implemented by the Contractor, it is important that the measures formulated in this EMP will be included as conditions in the tender documents. This can be done by including the Mitigation Measures Data Sheets in the tender documents. In addition to that, it would also be possible to include general environmental conditions in the respective contracts. Such conditions are listed - although not necessarily as an exhaustive list - in Annex 2. The implementation of the mitigation measures and the monitoring has to be integrated in the overall construction schedule as shown in Chapter 5.

8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 1 1 THE CONTEXT The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the construction of a new petroleum jetty at Hirgigo Bay Massawa (the Project) is based on the ESIA carried out for this Project (see Petroleum Jetty ESIA, Volume 1: ESIA Report). Details of the ESIA study are provided in Volume 1 and are not repeated here. The EMP focuses on the preferred alternative for the new jetty, which is Alternative 3 (see map in Figure 1-1). This alternative has the following main characteristics: A rock bund with a length of 625 m in the shallow part of the jetty alignment near the shore. A concrete pile trestle with a length of 500 m, bringing the total length of the jetty to 1'125 m. The jetty head equipped with dolphins for mooring of the vessels; water depth at the jetty is between 13.5 and 15 m, allowing vessels of up to 50'000 DWT to be unloaded there, without any need for dredging. Unloading arms (no under water pipes or hoses) for unloading the products. Three pipelines for products, namely (i) one for fuel oil, (ii) one for white products (gasoline, gas oil and kerosene) and one for LPG.. Two additional salt water pipelines for fire fighting purposes. Pipelines on land continuing to the existing tank farm. However, the project does not include any change in the existing storage facilities, which will continue to be used Table 1 below summarises the main characteristics of this Alternative. Table 1-1: Main characteristics of Alternative 3 Item Dimension Observations Rock bund Trestle Product pipelines length crown width length width Fire fighting pipelines 625 m m 500 m m 16" for fuel oil 16" for white products (gasoil, gasoline, kerosene) 8" for LPG 12" salt water for fire fighting 6" spray and personnel protection Access road 5 m wide on jetty from shore to -5 m below CD concrete trestle space for adding 2 additional pipelines for white products Offloading 3 arms marine offloading arms Pipeline length on land 850 m

9 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 2 The ESIA identified the relevant impacts of the Project and shortly described adequate mitigation measures that will have to be taken. The EMP takes up the summarised description of impacts and measures from the ESIA Report (Chapter 2). The main part of the EMP (Chapter 3) then consists in a detailed description of these measures.

10 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 3 2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES In the main ESIA report (Volume 1), environmental risks and impacts likely to emanate from project parts or project related activities were described. This chapter takes up the synopsis of the impacts, with their importance, and lists the required or proposed mitigation measures, where such measures seem necessary for minimising the impact as far as possible or reducing the risk to an acceptable level. The matrix overleaf provides a summarising overview of all expected impacts and risks of the project of a new oil jetty in Hirgigo Bay, to replace the existing structure. The one major risk identified is the risk of an oil spill caused by a structural failure of the existing jetty. An oil spill of some magnitude would have strong negative impacts on the water quality in the bay, and on all marine life in this area, including the reefs and the mangrove belt. Given the weak currents and wave action in the bay, it is not expected that oil would be dispersed over a very large area in a short time. Nevertheless, and obviously depending on the amount of oil spilled and the specific weather conditions at the time of the accident, it can not be excluded that the touristically important Green Island or the surroundings of Taulud Island with its tourist infrastructure and residential areas would be affected. Such an oil spill would be made more serious by the fact that oil containment material is not available at the jetty itself, but would have to be brought from the port. The new jetty will considerably improve this situation, mainly through the following points: New structure, not presenting a risk of collapsing. Oil spill containment material available at the jetty itself. In addition, the new jetty will also reduce the risk of small, undetected oil losses over longer periods, by (i) placing the pipelines on a jetty, which makes control and, if required, repair, easy (like the existing jetty, but unlike Alternative 6); (ii) new structure replacing the old one, higher reliability; (iii) marine unloading arms, no underwater pipelines and hoses like at the existing jetty. To this last point it should be noted that marine arms are listed in the feasibility study as a component of the project. In a discussion with the Design Consultant there was an indication that these might be replaced by hoses for cost reasons. This would lead to a somewhat less favourable assessment of the new jetty, although of course it would still be much preferable to the prevailing situation. Another point seen as negative is the (still required) flushing of the pipeline for white products. This could be considerably improved, or virtually eliminated, by installing dedicated pipelines. Figure 1: Impact matrix (overleaf)

11 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 4 Environment A A1 A2 A3 A3 A4 B C D No Abiotic Environment Land use Alterantive land use Tourist interest Historical/culutral interest Air quality Exhaust gases Dust Water quality Oil contamination Other Noise Project Features 1 Existing Jetty Oil spill risk Pipeline flushing Stability Construction of New Jetty Access road Bund on land Rock bund in sea Trestle Pipelines Safety & operation equipm Transport Constr. activities on site Removal of Old Jetty Material transport Demlition activities Constr. of platform Removal of pipelines Removal superstructure Removal plinths & bund Removal platform Waste disposal Operaion New Jetty Presence of structure Normal operation Pipeline flushing Oil spill risk From construction activities From traffic (tranpsort) Sea bed and coast dynamics Waves Currents Shore dynamics Sediment transport Cooling water operation Health Worker's health General public health Biodiversity Mangroves Sea grass and see weed beds Coral reefs Other marine life Birds Socio-economy Resettlement, expropriation Fisheries Job opportunites Regional economy Impact and Risk Scale: Colour scale +3 strongly positive positive small positive +1 0 none or very small and irrrelevant 0-1 small negative, low risk: temporary and local effect; specific mitigation measures might be required -1-2 negative: mitigation measures required -2-3 strongly negative, high risk, mitigation possible -3-4 strongly negative, mitigation not possible -4 ± effect can be positive or negative ±? unclear whether applicable?

12 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 5 All other impacts are considered as small, if any. The most important are discussed shortly below. Land use: no impacts will be noted in this respect, since there is no alternative land use there now, nor is there any real possibility for using this land alternatively. It is a designated industrial area, of no tourist or cultural and historical interest whatsoever. Air Quality and noise: impacts will occur due to the construction activities, the most important of which will be due to transport of material through residential areas of Massawa town. However, given the volume and duration of these activities, effects will still be within accepted air quality and noise standards. Nevertheless, it is recommended to do the necessary for keeping the impact as low as possible. This can best be done by a good maintenance of the vehicles (mainly to prevent unnecessary air pollution) and a careful planning of transports (to prevent unnecessary driving of lorries and heavy equipment). Water quality: as mentioned above, the main risk in this respect stems from the oil spill risk, which is considerably larger now as it is expected to be with the new jetty. The second most important source is the flushing of pipelines, which will remain the same as it is now unless dedicated pipelines are installed. In addition to this, there will be some, albeit limited, impacts on water quality due to construction activities. These should be minimised in the extent possible. The main mitigation measures here are to carry out maintenance and repair work on vehicles and machines in dedicated areas with sealed surfaces and water treatment facilities, and to store fuels, lubricants and chemicals in safe places away from water. Coast and sea bed dynamics: given the situation in the bay, the project will not have any noticeable effect on wave action, currents and sediment transport. Changes in sedimentation and erosion will be very small and very localised, if any at all. Specific mitigation measures in this respect are not required. Health: health risks will arise, in the amount to be expected at construction sites of this size, due to risks of accidents and the risk of transmitting of communicable diseases in the work force. The contractor will have to take the usual precaution measures (safety equipment, training of workers, health checks, information and health services) in order to minimise risks and to deal with accidents and illnesses that might occur. The one overall public health risk presented by the project is the one which might be caused by a major oil spill. The risk of this happening will be greatly reduced by the new jetty. Biodiversity: the impacts on biodiversity (mangroves, sea grasses and sea weeds, coral reefs, marine fauna and birds) are caused mainly (i) by building the rock bund for the new jetty (permanent destruction of habitat, temporary impact on surrounding habitats through mobilised sediments), (ii) by general construction activities (presence of work force; noise; risk for water contamination; fishing), and (iii) by all activities related to demolishing the old jetty (construction and removal of platform, removal of jetty as such). The latter impact is likely to be more important than the one caused by the new jetty. Socio-economy: the project effects, overall, are positive. Given the site and its characteristics, the project does not cause any resettlement, there is no need for

13 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 6 expropriation, and no limitation of access to resources. The effect on local fisheries will be negligible, if any (small indirect impact possible through impacting fish populations due to sediment mobilisation, but reduction in risk of much larger impact that would be caused by a major oil spill). On the other hand, there is some potential for jobs being created on the construction site (although on a temporary basis), and it is expected that the regional economy as a whole will benefit from the project. Looking at the matrix the other way, i.e. with a focus on project components, the following conclusions are reached: The overall major environmental benefit of the project consists in the fact that the environmental risk presented by the danger of a major oil spill caused by the decaying structure of the existing jetty will be, not completely eliminated, but reduced to acceptable standards. The construction of the selected alternative of the new jetty at the chosen site will cause some impacts, all of which, however, are small and of no further relevance. Furthermore, some of them can be reduced by applying suitable mitigation measures. Overall, the advantage resulting from abandoning the exiting jetty prevails. The demolition of the existing jetty causes impacts which are at least of the same magnitude, but probably considerably larger, than those caused by the new jetty. Given this, and in the absence of a stringent reason for removing this structure, it is recommended not to demolish it. The recommended mitigation measures are described in detail in the following section.

14 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 7 3 EMP This EMP describes the required or proposed mitigation and environmental protection measures identified in the ESIA study. A standard measure sheet has been selected for describing these measures. For this EMP, the following points should be kept in mind: The main effect of the Project consists in reducing the risk of a major oil spill, caused by the bad condition of the existing jetty, to an acceptable level. This in itself should be taken as an important measure for environmental protection, although it is not listed here as such. Vol.2 (Oil Spill Risk Assessment and Oil Contingency Plan) and Vol. 3 (Fire Risk Assessment and Fire Training Plan) comprise important measures for environmental protection, which are not repeated here. These two plans should become part of the operation manuals and the operation routine for the new jetty. Environmental risks and impacts of the Project have all been identified as rather small. Nevertheless, certain measures are proposed for minimising these impacts. The relevant impact will arise during the construction period. Accordingly, the measure description sheets on the following pages focus on this period. 3.1 Summary of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Activities In the Tables on the following pages, as summary overview of the proposed mitigation measures and related monitoring activities is provided. For more details on theses measures, especially for contractual purposes and implementation, see detailed description of these measures in Annex 1.

15 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 8 Table 3-1: No. Summary of mitigation measures Potential environmental impact Project activity Proposed mitigation measures Institutional responsibilities 1 Air pollution Construction vehicle maintenance construction site organisation storage 2 Noise Construction use of appropriate vehicles and machines 3 Pollution of coastal water Construction 4 Waste (domestic, solid, liquid, hazardous) Operation work scheduling (no noisy work during night) no transport through residential areas during night Construction: adequate storage of fuels, lubricants etc. observe standards for use of contaminating collect hazardous waste and dispose of properly Operation: treatment of water from pipeline flushing proper maintenance of installation check on ship's wastewater treatment and disposal Construction domestic waste: collect and deposit in municipal waste deposit separate waste according to categories and dispose of properly provide specific collection points for hazardous waste provide instruction to staff Contractor Contractor Construction phase: Contractor Operation phase: MPA Contractor Cost estimate Part of construction costs Part of construction costs Part of construction costs Part of operation costs Part of construction costs Comments Conditions to be part of tender and contract Conditions to be part of tender and contract Conditions to be part of tender and contract To be integrated in operational procedures for the new jetty. Conditions to be part of tender and contract

16 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 9 No. Potential environmental impact 5. Debris from existing jetty falling to the sea bed 6. Work accidents, occupational health Project activity Proposed mitigation measures Institutional responsibilities Cost estimate Construction appropriate demolition procedures Contractor Part of construction costs; not applicable if jetty is not being demolished Mainly construction, some during operation provide required health and safety measures provide first aid on site provide training and instruction to workers 7. Communicable diseases Construction health check for workers at employment 8. Loss of habitat Design, construction 9. Sediment mobilisation Design, construction appropriate measures for preventing malaria and dengue information on HIV/AIDS god housekeeping optimise design of jetty use care while building the structure optimise jetty design (see measure 8) use appropriate construction methods use device for preventing sediment being carried away Contractor; during operation: owner/operator Contractor Design consultant, contractor Design consultant, contractor Part of construction costs Installation and equipment of health post: approximately EUR 10' Equipment: approx. EUR per month Staffing (two persons): approx. EUR 5' per month Initial health check and vaccinations: EUR per worker HIV/AIDS campaign: EUR 5' Depends on project design Partly project costs (depending on design), auxiliary measures to be included in construction costs Comments Conditions to be part of tender and contract (if jetty is being demolished). Conditions to be part of tender and contract Conditions to be part of tender and contract Conditions to be part of tender and contract Conditions to be part of tender and contract

17 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 10 Table 3-2: No. Proposed Mitigation Measure Monitoring 1. Minimisation of air pollution Parameters to be Monitored control vehicles and machines check conditions on construction sites 2. Noise protection control vehicles and machines 3. Water quality protection 4 Waste management check conditions on construction sites check on waste water collection and treatment check coastal water quality (especially oil) all waste produced conditions in and around construction site Locations Measurements Frequency of Measurement, Reporting Construction site, to some extent transport corridor Construction site, to some extent transport corridor Coastal waters near jetty Construction site and surroundings (including coastal sea area) Air quality (dust) Noise at sensitive points Water quality (oil content) Measurement: depending on construction activities; in high activity phases and at the beginning (until satisfactory conditions achieved): daily Reporting: monthly and quarterly Measurement: Reporting: monthly and quarterly Construction: depending on construction activities; in high activity phases and at the beginning (until satisfactory conditions achieved): daily Reporting: monthly and quarterly Operation: during unloading operations; regular background monitoring. Construction and operation: immediate reporting in case of an emergency. Responsibilities for monitoring* Contractor Contractor Construction phase: contractor Operation phase: MPA Costs Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist. Dust monitoring device: EUR Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist. Noise monitoring device: EUR Part of respective specialists' duties. Instrument: oil in water analyser: EUR (one each to be purchased by the contractor and by MPA). Visual inspection Contractor Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist.

18 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 11 No. Proposed Mitigation Measure 5. Protection of sea bed 6. Occupational health Parameters to be Monitored falling demolition debris use of health protection device application of specific accident prevention measures 7. Pubic health prevention of waterborne diseases 8. Protection of marine habitat 9. Prevention of sediment mobilisation prevention of communicable diseases work carried out (mainly for rock bund) sediment in water Coastal waters on and around construction site Locations Measurements Frequency of Measurement, Reporting Old jetty Visual inspection On a continuous basis (regular inspection tours). Construction site Visual inspection On a continuous basis (regular inspection tours) Construction site Visual inspection On a continuous basis (regular inspection tours) Construction site Visual inspection On a continuous basis (regular inspection tours) Sediments in water Construction: depending on construction activities; in high activity phases and at the beginning (until satisfactory conditions achieved): several times a week Responsibilities for monitoring* Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor * here, responsibility for "direct" or internal monitoring is mentioned. See Section for external monitoring procedure. Costs Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist. Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's safety and security specialist. Measures to prevent development of vectors: environmental engineer Direct health measures: first aid/medical personnel Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist. Control is part of the responsibilities of the contractor's environmental specialist. Monitoring instrument: turbidimeter, EUR 1'800.00

19 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page Institutional Requirements Project Owner The Project Owner, i.e. MPA, will have the overall responsibility for the project and for its implementation according to the plans and conditions agreed upon; these conditions, obviously also contain the requirements for environmental management described in this EMP. In order to be able to comply with these requirements as far as environmental management is concerned, he will therefore need to have the required capacity and know how. For this purpose, it will be required that MPA hires a person, a qualified environmental engineer or somebody with a similar background, who will be in charge of carrying out the necessary supervisions, control and monitoring work. The following will be the main duties of this person: To check regularly the monitoring and progress reports to be provided by the Contractor (and to make sure that these reports are being produced according to schedule). To carry out regular inspection visits on the construction site. To organise and coordinate activities of external monitoring (see below). To carry out some direct monitoring work of his own (most important: oil contamination of coastal waters). To this end, the specialist must be provided a corresponding measuring device (see Mitigation Measures Data Sheets). To prepare reports for the attention of MPA management and the burrowers (at a frequency to be determined by the Bank; the Environmental Consultant proposed Quarterly Reports. To report regularly to MPA management on the state of the work and compliance with environmental rules. To assist in proposing corrective measures in case non-compliance has been observed with any of the conditions. To report immediately to the contractor's as well as to MPA management in case a serious non-compliance, which presents considerable risks to the environment and/or to workers' health, has been observed. To alert MPA and contractor's management immediately in case of an emergency. This should be a full time position during the entire construction period.

20 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page Contractor The contractor will have his own staff for dealing with the requirements of the contract, and specifically for compliance with environmental management measures. The following personnel is required: A safety and security manager: responsible for security (access control to the construction site and for safety on site (availability of all required safety devices, including health protection equipment for workers; marking of restricted areas; control of implementation of these measures). Medical personnel: nurse or similar, with special training in first aid and capable of giving instructions to workers. In order to make sure that one person is on duty whenever work is in progress, and can be reached in cases of emergency also during off-hours, a team of two seems to be the minimum. An environmental specialist (environmental engineer or similar). His main duties will be the formulation of detailed environmental management plans as per the Data Sheets (most of which have to be in place before construction work actually starts!), supervision of implementation of all the measures (internal monitoring), participation in implementation of measures, and reporting (preparation of the required monitoring reports). Given the size of the construction site, it might be required that this specialist has an assistant (technician), mainly for carrying out routine supervision and monitoring activities. The contractor will have to include costs for these specialists in his proposal. 3.3 Monitoring Monitoring Activities Monitoring of all the environmental protection measures described in the EMP has to be carried out in the way outlined. The aims of the monitoring are the following: To check on compliance with the conditions set forth and standards to be met. To inform the relevant authorities (contractor's construction site management, MPA) on cases of non-compliance observed. To propose corrective measures for such cases. To check on the success of these measures. Monitoring, in order to be effective, has to be done at different levels as described shortly below.

21 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page Internal Monitoring Contractor's Monitoring The first level of monitoring has to be carried out by the contractor. This is part of the duty of the personnel described in Section Equipment For an efficient monitoring, a number of measuring devices are required, which allow to make fast and precise measures on site at the required places and intervals. The Environmental Consultant proposes to use modern hand-held equipment for this purpose. The following Table provides a list of these devices that seem to be required. Table 3-3: Proposed set of monitoring equipment Recommended Instruments IdB Noise Indicator 650 Portable Turbidimeter Model 2100P 1'800 Casella Microdust pro Particulate Monitor A 3'000 Dual Channel Handheld Oil in Water Analyzer TD 500D, Extended Range & Check POINT solid Calibration Check Standard TD 500D. EUR 3'800 Laptop Computer, 1'800 Digital camera 300 Total EUR 11'350 Note that the prices given here are indicative and depend largely on the type of instrument and optional devices chosen, as e.g. for the Oil in Water Analyser Monitoring by MPA MPA, as the project owner, will need a supervision and monitoring of its own in order to make sure that the contractor keeps to his obligations. This will be the main duty of the position described shortly under This monitoring will be done by checking the regular monitoring reports to be provided by the contractor, and by carrying out regular site visits External Monitoring External monitoring is usually required in such projects. This can be done in two - not necessarily mutually exclusive - ways as described below.

22 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page Institutions The Department of Environment - most likely through its Massawa branch - will have the following obligations: Check the reports received from MPA; this latter will have to make sure that regular monitoring reports are being delivered to DOE. Carry out some inspections by its own (as e.g. on the type and condition of vehicles and machines used in the construction; on waste management and waste disposal; and on water quality External Experts As a part of its normal procedures, for large Category A project, the World Bank normally uses Panels of Experts for checking on compliance with environmental and social safeguards. Such a PoE regularly (usually twice a year) visits and inspects the construction site and reports on its observations. If this is deemed necessary (to be decided by WB) given the size and the type of impacts caused by the Project, this could be done by one experienced environmental expert; given the absence of serious social impacts, and especially given the fact that no resettlement is required for this project, there seems not to be any need for a social specialist to be on this PoE. Costs for such a PoE, obviously, depend very strongly on the person(s) selected for carrying out this assignment, and on the scope of work defined for them. Tentatively, the costs (per site visit, duration including travelling and a short report, for one expert, including international travelling, local transport and per diems) can be estimated at about EUR 12' Reporting Reporting is essential. The following monitoring reports seem required for this project: Monthly Progress and Monitoring Report: to be prepared by the Contractor's specialist, providing a (short) statement on all monitoring activities, and on any specific events, as the case may be. Internal reports, to be made available to MPA (routinely) and DOE (at their request). Quarterly Reports: to be prepared by the Contractor, summarising all observations of the period. Report for MPA and DOE. Quarterly Report by MPA: based on the contractor's reports and on own activities, for DOE and the burrowers. Additional reports according to specific conditions. Most importantly: if a PoE should be put in place, this would have to prepare a short report after every site visit, on behalf of MPA and the WB.

23 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 16 4 CONTRACTUAL MEASURES It has been mentioned that most of the measures, since they are to be implemented during the construction period, will be the obligation of the Contractor. For this it is important that the measures as described here shall be included in the tender documents, and that the potential contractor will have to prepare their proposals taking into account these measures. It will also have to be stated clearly in the tender documents, that noninclusion of these measures in the proposal will lead to a disqualification of the proponent. Likewise, the contract with the successful bidder should contain these environmental management measures as firm conditions to be complied with. WB proposes a series of general contract clauses, which can be included in such contracts. The ones that seem applicable for this Project are provided in Annex 2.

24 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 17 5 SCHEDULE The activities related to environmental management and monitoring have to be integrated in the overall construction schedule. The main steps are shown in the Figure below. Activity Mobilisation / site set up Rock bund Soil investigation Piling Onshore civil works Navigation aids Superstructure Furniture M&E / product handling Comissioning Demolition of existing jetty Month EMP Activities Setting up of structure "Good housekeeping" Specific monitoring Air quality and noise Water quality, sediments Monitoring Reports Monthly Quarterly PoE site vists (tentative) Construction work of minor environmental concern Construction work of major environmental concern Removal of old jetty: not recommended to be done EMP implementation EMP implementation (only if old jetty is being removed) Reports and PoE site visits; dashed dots: depending on decision on old jetty removal Figure 5-1: Construction and EMP schedule As explained above, most of the EMP measures are standard or "good housekeeping" measures applicable to any larger construction site. These have to be observed throughout the construction activities and are shown a one overall activity. Quite obviously, if the construction schedule should change for any reason, the EMP schedule would have to be adapted accordingly. One of the important measures for environmental (and especially seabed habitat) protection measures recommended in the ESIA is not to remove the existing jetty. In case this recommendation should not be followed, obviously the environmental monitoring measures would have to be continued over the demolition period. If however the old jetty will not be demolished, the accompanying EMP measures would also not be required.

25 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 18 6 ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATION The environmental protection measures to be taken or followed during the operation period - besides structural maintenance work - can be grouped under the headings of fire fighting and oil spill contingency (the latter also containing measures for the prevention of water pollution). These measures are described in detail in Vols. 2 and 3 and are not repeated here.

26 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 19 ANNEX 1: MITIGATION MEASURES DATA SHEETS For each of the important measures identified and listed in Chapter 3, a Mitigation Measure Data Sheet was prepared. These Data Sheets are provided on the following pages. They contain, to somewhat more detail than is possible in the summary tables given in Chapter 3, information on Type of impact, including indications of importance of this effect. Specific measures to be taken. Expected effects of the measures. Responsibilities for detailed planning and implementing of measures, and monitoring of effects; to this point also see general observations in Chapter 3. Cost estimate: note that in many cases, measures are either parts of general good practice (and therefore do not cause additional costs), are dependent on the final design of the project (and therefore part of overall project costs), or are to be defined by the contractor and included in his cost estimate. Therefore, for many of these measures, it is not possible to provide specific costs. It is strongly recommended that these Mitigation Measures Data Sheets will be included in the tender documents, and that the Contractor will have to take these measures into account as firm conditions for his contract.

27 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 20 Measure Air pollution No. 1 Impact Phase Project component Affected part of environment Place Description of impact Characteristics Measures Air pollution Construction Phase New Jetty, demolition of old jetty and transport Air quality On site (construction site), off site (roads and surroundings due to traffic) Air pollution (mainly emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter) will result from all construction activities related to the project. The three main sources are (i) emissions related to the construction activities of the new jetty, (ii) emissions resulting from transport of material and personnel from/to the construction sites, and (iii) emissions caused by the demolition of the existing jetty. Main air pollution will result from construction machinery and delivering of construction material transient; high probability; low importance The following air pollution control measures have to be included as clauses in the tendering documents for all construction, demolition and construction works: Use only adequate and well maintained construction and transportation equipment including diesel fuel of good quality. The reduction of particulate (soot) emitted by diesel engines is by far the most efficient measure for keeping the air pollution low. Organize the sequence of construction activities in a way that the use of construction equipment powered by diesel fuel is optimized and the duration of use is minimized. Take appropriate measures for dust suppression; this includes among other good housekeeping and water sprinkling especially on unpaved access roads. Optimise storage on-site of materials that are known to be whirled up by wind. Avoid burning of inopportune or hazardous combustible material. Instruct the workforce on the appropriate measures to minimize air pollutants and dust. Effects Up to 50% less dust produced compared to construction site without specific precautions for dust suppression Responsibilities Detailed plan Implementation Monitoring Cost estimate Observations About 30% less emission of NOx and up to 95% less emission of soot compared to heavy duty traffic and civil construction works. without enforcing of proper maintenance Port Authority to include the clauses in the tender document; Contractor to comply with the clauses in his tender. Detailed action plan on how too adhere to the clauses in the tender document and how to guarantee the compliance with the standards has to be provided by the Contractor. This action plan has to be approved by the EMP implementation unit. Starting when transport for construction material starts, ending by completion of construction and demolition works All organisational measures for dust minimizing and proper maintenance of the construction machinery and the lorries should be monitored continuously by the EMP unit and audited every trimester by DOE Has to be included in the cost proposals of contractors. Based on experience of similar construction sites, the financial proposals for construction and demolition works including the mentioned measures for minimizing air pollution are about 1 to 2% higher than without a commitment to meet these measures. Dust monitoring device: EUR Provisions for air pollution control should be included in the tender documents for all construction, demolition and maintenance works.

28 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 21 Measure Noise No. 2 Impact Phase Project component Affected part of environment Place Description of impact Characteristics Measures Effects Responsibilities Detailed plan Implementation Monitoring Cost estimate Noise Construction Phase New jetty, old jetty and transport Noise On site (construction site), off site (roads and surrounding due to traffic) The significant impact of the project on the noise environment will be limited in time to the construction and transportation activities. The three main sources are (i) noise related to the construction activities for the new jetty, (ii) heavy duty traffic noise along roads crossing inhabited areas, generated by transport of material from/to the construction sites, and (iii) noise related to the demolition of the existing jetty. (i) and (iii): no major negative impact on noise sensitive areas are expected because of the more than sufficient distance between construction/demolition site and noise sensitive areas (permanent or temporary housing, recreation areas). (ii) From the information on construction materials and on the construction schedule given in the Preliminary Design Report (RH 2006) it follows that the number of daily transports will always be less than 100 round trips a day. This amount of trucks using well maintained asphalt roads during day time will not violate any internationally recognized noise standards for inhabited areas. As it is also known from previous projects, noise generated by road transport for construction activities of that scale and type remain well within the acceptable limits. The following noise control measures have to be included as clauses in the tendering documents for all construction, demolition and construction works: Use only well maintained construction and transportation equipment including stateof-the-art built in systems to reduce the noise. Workers exposed to excessive noise have to wear ear protectors. Separate installation areas, for example mechanical workshops etc., from areas that are used by people for temporary housing and recreation. In this respect it is recommended to use the existing infrastructure of the still existing camp between power plant and tank farm to the extent possible. Avoid any noise-intensive works such as piling, demolition, metalworking and blasting (in quarries) etc. during night time. Avoid transporting of material (rock, concrete, steel, machinery) during night time. Instruct the workforce to avoid unnecessary noise. Maintaining the noise standards set by international organisations such as WHO. Port Authority to include the clauses in the tender document; Contractor to comply with the clauses in his tender. Detailed action plan on how to adhere to the clauses in the tender document and how to guarantee the compliance with the standards has to be provided by the Contractor. This action plan has to be approved by the EMP implementation unit. Starting when transport for construction material starts, ending by completion of construction and demolition works All organisational measures for noise preventing and proper maintenance of the construction machinery and the lorries should be monitored continuously by the EMP unit and audited every trimester by DOE. Has to be included in the cost proposals of contractors. Based on experience of similar construction sites, the financial proposals for construction and demolition works including the mentioned measures for noise protection are less than1% higher than without a commitment to meet these measures Noise monitoring device: EUR

29 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 22 Observations Provisions for noise control should be included in the tender document for all construction, demolition and maintenance works..

30 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Page 23 Measure Water quality No. 3 Impact Phase Project component Affected part of environment Place Description of impact Pollution of Coastal Waters Construction Phase, Operation Phase, Maintenance works New jetty Coastal Water Quality Vicinity of New Jetty The potential environmental implications of construction activities on coastal water quality include: Effects on general water quality through onshore construction activities such as painting, grouting, concreting, drilling, use of lubricants and grease etc.; and Effects on general water quality though water based activities such as placement of rock, piling, dredging and reclamation. During operation the main sources to have an adverse effect on coastal water quality are: The release of ship s waste into the waters of the jetty area. Ship waste includes bilge water, oily sludge, used lubricants, sewage waste, litter and waste materials; Discharge of poorly treated waste water from fuel pumping and storage activities; And maintenance activities for jetty and piping such as anti-rust treatment, antifouling treatment, painting, greasing, sealing of joints, etc. Characteristics With the exception of the oily residues the coastal water quality at Massawa is actually rated 'good' according to the coastal water quality index. The operation of the new jetty will improve the situation regarding the oily wastes due to the cleaner unloading technology without changing the other water quality parameters. Construction of new jetty as well as demolition the old jetty will temporarily and locally deteriorate the water quality as a part of the works will have to take place in the water environment. If the mitigation measures to prevent/minimize the input of oily and otherwise harmful liquids into the coastal water bed are enforced, the construction will only have a minor adverse impact.