INVESTIGATING KINDERGARTEN SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE

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2 INVESTIGATING KINDERGARTEN SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science K.1.1 Use all senses as appropriate to observe, sort and describe objects according to their composition and physical properties, such as size, color and shape. Explain these choices to others and generate questions about the objects. Science K.1.2 Identify and explain possible uses for an object based on its properties and compare these uses with other students ideas. K.PS.1 Plan and conduct an investigation using all senses to describe and classify different kinds of objects by their composition and physical properties. Explain these choices to others and generate questions about the objects. K.PS.2 Identify and explain possible uses for an objects based on its properties and compare these uses with other students ideas. Lenape Camp Discuss and describe the canoe or the mortar/pestle used to grind corn. What was used to make these items? How were they used? Loom House Ask to see the drop spindle (to spin wool) or cards (brushes for combing the wool). How were these items used? Prairietown - Whitaker s Store Ask the storekeeper to guide you in the use of the scale. Why did a storekeeper need a scale? Prairietown - Blacksmith Shop Discuss the hammer, anvil, and bellows. How were these tools used? Prairietown - Pottery Shop Discuss how pottery is made. Describe the different types of containers that can be made and what they were used for. Treetop Outpost Explore the archaeology dig and compare objects found. How are the objects in the different digs similar and different? K.PS.3 Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object. Treetop Outpost Pull on the string of flags and see what happens. Treetop Outpost Push and pull the ball over the sand in the roller quarry to see what different designs appear. Science K.3.1 Observe and draw physical features of common plants and animals. Science K.3.2 Describe and compare living animals in terms of shape, textures of body covering, size, weight, color and the way they move. Science K.3.3 Describe and compare living plants in terms of growth, parts, shape, size, color and texture.

3 K.LS.1 Describe and compare the growth and development of common living plants and animals. K.LS.2 Describe and compare the physical features of common living plants and animals. Animal Encounters Barn Observe, describe and discuss the farm animals in and around the barn. Conner House & Prairietown - Gregory House & Golden Eagle Inn Visit one or more of these gardens to observe, describe, and compare plants. Treetop Outpost Follow the Nature Walk and observe the plants along the way. K-2.E.1 Pose questions, make observations, and obtain information about a situation people want to change. Use this data to define a simple problem that can be solved through the construction of a new or improved object or tool. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification Balloon Voyage Exhibit Discuss what makes the balloon rise. What are limitations to balloon travel? How does it compare to other modes of transportation? Lenape Camp Climb into a canoe. What was the canoe used for? How would this have helped them? What are some limitations of a canoe? Conner House Note the building technology in the form of bricks as opposed to the log buildings. What were the advantages/disadvantages of building with logs versus building with bricks? Loom House Ask staff about the spinning wheel, drop spindle, and loom. How and when did spinning and weaving became more mechanical? Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn Notice the metal cookware at the inn. Discuss how this made it possible to cook all sorts of things over the fire. Do you think the metal material would have been better than the clay pots? Why? Why do you think we still use metal for our cookware today? Create.Connect See how innovations like wind power or the introduction of electricity helped shape Indiana history. Create a circuit and consider the impact of electricity on the citizens of Indiana. How was life different before electricity?

4 INVESTIGATING 1 st GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Use all senses as appropriate to identify the component parts of objects and the materials from which they are made. Science Characterize materials as solid or liquid, investigate their properties, record observations and explain the choices to others based on evidence (e.g., physical properties). Science Use all senses as appropriate to sort objects as being composed of materials that are naturally occurring, human made or a combination of the two. 1.PS.1 Characterize materials as solid, liquid, or gas and investigate their properties, record observations, and explain the choices to others based on evidence. Lenape Camp Identify the different parts of the wigwam. Prairietown - Whitaker s Store Identify the parts of the wagon and the material of each part. Prairietown - Carpenter Ask to see a tool such as an auger or plane which has both wooden and metal components. Discuss why it has both of these materials on the same tool. Prairietown - Blacksmith Ask the blacksmith to show you the bellows. What were they used for? Prairietown - Potter Shop Ask the potter to show the clay he uses. Is it a liquid or solid? Where does the clay come from? Does he add anything to the clay as he works with it? 1.PS.3 Plan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate. Treetop Outpost Play the different instruments in the music area. What is vibrating on each instrument to make the sound? Science Classify living organisms according to variations in specific physical features (e.g., body coverings, appendages) and describe how those features may provide an advantage for survival in different environments. Animal Encounters Barn Ask staff about the physical features of one of the animals and how that helps the animal survive.

5 Science Observe and explain that plants and animals have basic needs for growth and survival: plants need to take in water and need light, and animals need to take in water and food and have a way to dispose of waste. 1.LS.3 Make observations of plants and animals to compare the diversity of life in different habitats. Animal Encounters Barn Discuss the basic needs of the animals with the staff. How does the staff take care of the animals? Prairietown - Gregory House Ask what chores are needed to tend the garden plants. Notice that the gardens are placed in locations that get plenty of sunlight and are not under trees. Why? Treetop Outpost Follow the Nature Walk and observe the plants along the way. 1.ESS.2 Observe and compare properties of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter. Look for evidence of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter as components of soil samples. 1.ESS. 3 Observe a variety of soil samples and describe in words and pictures the soil properties in terms of color, particle size and shape, texture, and recognizable living and nonliving things. Treetop Outpost Check out the soil types (especially sand, clay, and organic matter in Treetop Outpost and along the trail of the Nature Walk. How can you determine which type of soil it is? K-2.E.1 Pose questions, make observations, and obtain information about a situation people want to change. Use this data to define a simple problem that can be solved through the construction of a new or improved object or tool. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification Balloon Voyage Exhibit Discuss what makes the balloon rise. What are limitations to balloon travel? How does it compare to other modes of transportation? Lenape Camp Climb into a canoe. What was the canoe used for? How would this have helped them? What are some limitations of a canoe? Conner House Note the building technology in the form of bricks as opposed to the log buildings. What were the advantages/disadvantages of building with logs versus building with bricks? Loom House Ask staff about the spinning wheel, drop spindle, and loom. How and when did spinning and weaving became more mechanical? Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn Notice the metal cookware at the inn. Discuss how this made it possible to cook all sorts of things over the fire. Do you think the metal material would have been better than the clay pots? Why? Why do you think we still use metal for our cookware today? Create.Connect See how innovations like wind power or the introduction of electricity helped shape Indiana history. Create a circuit and consider the impact of electricity on the citizens of Indiana. How was life different before electricity?

6 INVESTIGATING 2 nd GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. 2.PS.1 Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. Treetop Outpost Explore the archaeology dig and compare the objects found. Science Predict the result of combining solids and liquids in pairs. Mix, observe, gather, record and discuss evidence of whether the result may have different properties than the original materials. 2.PS.2 Predict the result of combining solids and liquids in pairs. Mix, observe, gather, record, and discuss evidence of whether the result may have different properties than the original materials. Prairietown - Pottery Shop Observe effects of clay combined with water. Why does the potter need to add water to the clay? Science Observe, sketch, demonstrate and compare how objects can move in different ways (e.g., straight, zig-zag, back-and-forth, rolling, fast and slow) Balloon Voyage Exhibit Observe and describe the motion of the balloon. What makes it go up? What makes it come back down? Prairietown - Curtis House Play games like hoop and stick and describe the motion of the toys as you play. How can you make the hoop roll faster or slower? Prairietown - Whitaker s Store Ask the storekeeper to show you the scales. What makes them move up and down? Compare the following objects that spin Pottery Shop Observe a kickwheel in motion in the shop or in the activity area shed. What makes it spin? Carpenter Shop Ask the carpenter to show the lathe in action. What makes the lathe spin? Loom House Ask the staff to show the spinning wheel or drop spindle. How were these used?

7 Science Observe, demonstrate, sketch and compare how applied force (i.e., push or pull) changes the motion of objects Balloon Voyage Exhibit The pull of the balloon is raising the gondola into the air; the pull of the tether brings the balloon back down and keeps it down. Do you see anything else that helps keep the balloon down? Loom House Observe the forces at work at the spinning wheel and loom. What is creating the force? Prairietown - Pottery Shop Experience the kickwheel put into motion or stopped in the shop or in the activity area shed. What forces are being applied to the kickwheel? What forces are being applied to spinning pottery? Science Experience and describe wind as the motion of the air Balloon Voyage Exhibit Try the wind table activity. It shows how blowing air affects the balloon flight path. Create.Connect - Wind Power Experience how wind can generate electrical power. Experiment with different turbine blade designs to see how you can generate the most power or electricity. Create.Connect - Wind Power Look at the screen to see what the wind patterns are for the day. You can also look at the wind patterns for significant days in history such as during Hurricane Katrina. Science Compare and contrast details of body plans and structures of plants and animals. 2.LS.2 Compare and contrast details of body plans and structures within the life cycle of plants and animals. Animal Encounters Barn Observe young and adult animals and make comparisons about their physical characteristics. Lenape Camp & Prairietown - Gregory House, Golden Eagle Inn Visit the garden in one or more of these locations. Discussion details will depend on the season. In the fall, as plants have seeds or fruit, discuss the flowers that came before. In the spring, as plants have flowers, discuss the seeds or fruit that will come after. At the Gregory House shed you can find plants that have been dried and have seeds in them. Discuss why people might have wanted to dry out the plants. Science Identify parts of the human body that can be used as tools like hands for grasping and teeth for cutting and chewing. Loom House Observe the use of hands in spinning and weaving. Prairietown - Pottery Shop Observe how hands mold clay to a desired shape and how feet operate the kickwheel. Science Identify technologies developed by humans to meet human needs. Investigate the limitations of technologies and how they have improved quality of life.

8 K-2.E.1 Pose questions, make observations, and obtain information about a situation people want to change. Use this data to define a simple problem that can be solved through the construction of a new or improved object or tool. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification Balloon Voyage Exhibit Discuss what makes the balloon rise. What are limitations to balloon travel? How does it compare to other modes of transportation? Lenape Camp Climb into a canoe. What was the canoe used for? How would this have helped them? What are some limitations of a canoe? Conner House Note the building technology in the form of bricks as opposed to the log buildings. What were the advantages/disadvantages of building with logs versus building with bricks? Loom House Ask staff about the spinning wheel, drop spindle, and loom. How and when did spinning and weaving became more mechanical? Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn Notice the metal cookware at the inn. Discuss how this made it possible to cook all sorts of things over the fire. Do you think the metal material would have been better than the clay pots? Why? Why do you think we still use metal for our cookware today? Create.Connect See how innovations like wind power or the introduction of electricity helped shape Indiana history. Create a circuit and consider the impact of electricity on the citizens of Indiana. How was life different before electricity?

9 INVESTIGATING 3 rd GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Describe natural materials and give examples of how they sustain the lives of plants and animals. Animal Encounters Barn Ask staff about what food the animals are fed. Also ask what type of bedding they use. Loom House & Prairietown - Gregory House Explore household gardens to see how they are planted/maintained using natural materials and what products they provide. Science Describe how the properties of earth materials make them useful to humans in different ways. Describe ways that humans have altered these resources to meet their needs for survival. Loom House Explore how humans use animals to produce fiber and see how yarn is made from wool. What did people then do with these fibers or wool? Loom House & Prairietown - Gregory House Describe the different uses of products from a home garden. How did families use these products? Prairietown - Blacksmith Shop Learn where the metal the blacksmith uses comes from and what tools he can make. Does different metal make different tools and items? Prairietown - Carpenter Shop Describe the uses of wood in Prairietown and where those resources came from. Why are/were different types of wood used for different purposes? Prairietown - Pottery Shop Compare the different types of clay (stoneware, redware) and the properties of each. What made them different? What can be made with clay? What is the final step in making a clay container? Science Define the uses and types of simple machines and utilize simple machines in the solution to a real world problem. 3.PS.2 Identify types of simple machines and their uses. Investigate and build simple machines to understand how they are used. Loom House Identify simple machines at work on the spinning wheel or loom. Prairietown Observe and describe how Prairietown s residents use simple machines at work and at home. Pay special attention to the carpenter, potter, and storekeeper.

10 3.PS.3 Generate sound energy using a variety of materials and techniques, and recognize that it passes through solids, liquids, and gases (i.e. air). 3.PS.4 Investigate and recognize properties of sound that include pitch, loudness (amplitude), and vibration as determined by the physical properties of the object making the sound. Treetop Outpost Try out the instruments in the music area. How can you make the sound louder or softer? What is vibrating on the different instruments to create the sounds? 3.ESS.3 Observe the detailed characteristics of rocks and minerals. Identify and classify rocks as being composed of different combinations of minerals. Treetop Outpost Check out the area focusing on limestone. 3-5.E.2 Construct and compare multiple plausible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3-5.E.3 Construct and perform fair investigations in which variable are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect: Make and test prototypes of wind turbines, electrical circuits, chain reaction machines and gliders. Evaluate each prototype and make changes as needed to better your model. Why did you choose to make those changes? Were they beneficial?

11 INVESTIGATING 4 th GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Describe and investigate the different ways in which heat can be generated 4.PS.4 Describe and investigate the different ways in which energy can be generated and/or converted from one form or energy to another form of energy. Prairietown - Blacksmith Learn what a blacksmith uses to fuel their fire. Prairietown Compare the blacksmith s fire with a fire in one of the kitchens. How are they different? Why do you think they need to be different? Treetop Outpost Try out the instruments in the music area. Treetop Outpost Pull on the string of flags. What kind of energy is being used? Treetop Outpost At the archaeology area, consider the different ways food was cooked during different time periods. How do the objects there reflect that? Science Investigate the variety of ways in which heat can be generated and moved from one place to another. Explain the direction the heat moved. 4.PS.5 Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric current. Prairietown - Blacksmith See how the blacksmith creates a very hot fire and how heat is moved when metal is introduced to the fire. Where does the heat move to? Why is this important for the blacksmith? Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn Learn the science of hearthside cooking and describe how the placement of pots changes, in relation to coals and fire, the cooking temperature. Science Construct a complete circuit through which an electrical current can pass as evidenced by the lighting of a bulb or ringing of a bell. Science Experiment with materials to identify conductors and insulators of heat and electricity. Science Demonstrate that electrical energy can be transformed into heat, light and sound. 4.PS.4 Describe and investigate the different ways in which energy can be generated and/or converted from one form or energy to another form of energy. Create.Connect - Rural Electrification Make and test electrical circuits. Why was this new technology so important?

12 Science Describe ways in which humans have changed the natural environment that have been detrimental or beneficial. 4.ESS.4 Develop solutions that could be implemented to reduce the impact of humans on the natural environment and the natural environment. Lenape Camp Ask staff about the fur trader s impact on wildlife. What type of wildlife did the trader find beneficial? Prairietown Identify the main material used to construct buildings. What fuel is being used in fireplaces? What impact did clearing the land and using wood have on the environment? Ask a few residents if they have farms and, if so, are they clearing land for crops. Science Observe and describe how offspring are very much, but not exactly, like their parents or one another. Describe how these differences in physical characteristics among individuals in a population may be advantageous for survival and reproduction. 4.LS.1 Observe, analyze, and interpret how offspring are very much, but not exactly, like their parents or one another. Describe how these differences in physical characteristics among individuals in a population may be advantageous for survival and reproduction. Animal Encounters Barn Compare young animals to their siblings and their parents. See if you can correctly guess which young animals go with which parent(s). Learn how farmers breed healthy and productive livestock and why protecting our heritage breeds is important. Ask staff about the physical features of one of the animals and how these help the animal survive. Science Investigate transportation systems and devices that operate on or in land, water, air and space and recognize the forces (lift, drag, friction, thrust and gravity) that affect their motion. 4.PS.1 Investigate transportation systems and devices that operate on or in land, water, air, and space and recognize the forces (lift, drag, friction, thrust, and gravity) that affect their motion Balloon Voyage Exhibit Describe the motion of a hot air (or helium) balloon and how that motion is controlled. Check out the air table and how the moving air impacts object speed and direction. Lenape Camp Check out the canoe and paddles. Why were rivers so important to people? Create.Connect - Flight Design and fly your own glider using your knowledge of force to create a workable model. Experiment with lift, drag, and thrust in the simulator and see how those forces all have an effect on aircraft.

13 Science Make appropriate measurements to compare the speeds of objects in terms of the distance traveled in a given amount of time or the time required to travel a great distance. Science Investigate how changes in speed or direction are caused by forces; the greater the force exerted on an object, the greater the change. 4.PS.2 Investigate the relationship of the speed of an object to the energy of that object Balloon Voyage Exhibit Check out the air table and how the moving air impacts object speed and direction. Calculate travel times of various modes of transportation using a map showing distances across the U.S. Create.Connect Experiment with different blades on windmills and turbines and see how changing the blades can increase or decrease the speed at which the blades spin. Why do you think this happens? 3-5.E.2 Construct and compare multiple plausible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3-5.E.3 Construct and perform fair investigations in which variable are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect: Make and test prototypes of wind turbines, electrical circuits, chain reaction machines and gliders. Evaluate each prototype and make changes as needed to better your model. Why did you choose to make those changes? Were they beneficial?

14 INVESTIGATING 5 th GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Describe and measure the volume and weight of a sample of a given material. 5.PS.1 Describe and measure the volume and mass of a sample of a given material. Prairietown - Whitaker s Store Compare the weights of various objects and materials using the store s scale. Use weight measurement standards to determine the weights of various objects. Why did a storekeeper need to measure the weights of objects? Prairietown - Pottery Shop Hear how the potter uses weights and measures to create pottery. Use weight measurement standards to determine the weight of various amounts of clay. Why would it be important to know the weight of clay being used? 5.LS.2 Observe and classify common Indiana organisms as producers, consumers, decomposers, or predator and prey based on their relationship and interaction with other organisms in their ecosystem. Treetop Outpost Follow the Nature Walk and classify organisms you see along the way. Share why you classified those organisms in that category. Science Investigate the purpose of prototypes and models when designing a solution to a problem and how limitations in cost and design features might affect their construction. 3-5.E.2 Construct and compare multiple plausible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 3-5.E.3 Construct and perform fair investigations in which variable are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect: Make and test prototypes of wind turbines, electrical circuits, chain reaction machines and gliders. Evaluate each prototype and make changes as needed to better your model. Why did you choose to make those changes? Were they beneficial?

15 INVESTIGATING 6 th GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Recognize that objects in motion have kinetic energy and objects at rest have potential energy. Science Describe with examples that potential energy exists in several different forms (e.g., gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, and chemical potential energy). Science Compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy and how they can be transformed from one form to another. Science Explain that energy may be manifested as heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, and sound as is often associated with chemical reactions. 6.PS.3 Describe how potential and kinetic energy can be transferred from one form to another Balloon Voyage Exhibit What forms of energy does the balloon have? When does it have potential energy? When does it have kinetic energy? What causes the change in these energies? Loom House Ask about the workings of the spinning wheel or loom and then identify the forms of energy involved. Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn & Curtis House kitchen Consider how cooking involves energy. What form of energy is used during cooking? Prairietown - Carpenter Shop Ask for a demonstration of the lathe. Discuss forms of energy in relation to the use of the lathe. Prairietown - Pottery Shop Discuss forms of energy in relation to the use of the potter s wheel. Science Describe specific relationships (i.e., predator and prey, consumer and producer, and parasite and host) between organisms and determine whether these relationship are competitive or mutually beneficial. Science Describe how changes caused by organisms in the habitat where they live can be beneficial or detrimental to themselves or to the native plants and animals. Science Describe how all animals, including humans, meet their energy needs by consuming other organisms, breaking down their structures, and using the materials to grow and function. 6.LS.3 Describe specific relationships (predator/prey, consumer/producer, parasite/host) and symbiotic relationships between organisms. Construct an explanation that predicts why patterns of interactions develop between organisms in an ecosystem. Animal Encounters Barn Talk to the staff about the diet of the animals. What impact do the animals have on the environment? What impact do we as humans have on their environment?

16 Science Understand how to apply potential or kinetic energy to power a simple device. Science Construct a simple device that uses potential or kinetic energy to perform work. Science Describe the transfer of energy amongst energy interactions. 6.PS.3 Describe how potential and kinetic energy can be transferred from one form to another. 6.PS.4 Investigate the properties of light, sound, and other energy waves and how they are reflected, absorbed, and transmitted through materials and space. Create.Connect Make and test prototypes of paper airplanes, wind turbines, electrical circuits, and chain reactions. At the wind power station, try out the scale models that show how wind energy is used to perform various tasks (grinding, sawing, and hammering). Treetop Outpost Try out the instruments in the music area and the sound tubes in the treehouse. 6.LS.5 Research invasive species and discuss their impact on ecosystems. Treetop Outpost Look for invasive species in the Treetop Outpost area and along the Nature Walk. 6-8.E.3 Analyze data from investigations to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. 6-8.E.4 Develop a prototype to generate data for repeated investigations and modify a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect Make and test prototypes of paper gliders, wind turbines, electrical circuits and chain reactions. What changes might be made to improve the original design?

17 INVESTIGATING 7 th GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Describe and give examples of how energy can be transferred from place to place and transferred from one form to another through radiation, convection and conduction. 7.PS.8 Investigate a process in which energy is transferred from one form to another and provide evidence that the total amount of energy does not change during the transfer when the system is closed. (Law of conservation of energy) 7.PS.9 Compare and contrast the three types of heat transfer: radiation, convection, and conduction. Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn & Curtis House kitchen Consider how cooking involves energy transfer and transformation. How is the energy transferred and why is that important when cooking food? Prairietown - Blacksmith Identify the forms of energy involved in the blacksmithing process. Create.Connect - Rural Electrification Make and test electrical circuits. How was electricity delivered to the homes? Science Recognize and explain how different ways of obtaining, transforming, and distributing energy have different environmental consequences. Prairietown - Golden Eagle Inn & Curtis House kitchen How is the environment impacted by cooking with a wood fire? Science Demonstrate and describe how an object s speed or direction of motion changes when a force acts upon it. Demonstrate and describe that an object s speed and direction of motion remain unchanged if the net force acting upon it is zero. 7.PS.4 Investigate Newton s first law of motion (Law of Inertia) and how different forces (gravity, friction, push, and pull) affect the velocity of an object Balloon Voyage Exhibit Check out the air table and how the moving air impacts object speed and direction. Create.Connect Make and test prototypes of paper gliders, wind turbines, electrical circuits and chain reactions. How do these prototypes function differently when acted upon by a force? Prairietown Potter What type of force is acting upon the kickwheel?

18 Science Understand that energy is the capacity to do work. Science Explain that energy can be used to do work using many processes (e.g., generation of electricity by harnessing wind energy). Science Explain that power is the rate that energy is converted from one form to another. 6-8.E.3 Analyze data from investigations to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. 6-8.E.4 Develop a prototype to generate data for repeated investigations and modify a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect Make and test prototypes of paper gliders, wind turbines, electrical circuits and chain reactions. What changes might be made to improve the original design? At the wind power station, try out the scale models that show how wind energy is used to perform various tasks (grinding, sawing, and hammering.) Science Describe the origin and physical properties of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and how they are related through the rock cycle. 7.ESS.1 Identify and investigate the properties of minerals. Identify and classify a variety of rocks based on physical characteristics from their origin, and explain how they are related using the rock cycle. (i.e. Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks) Treetop Outpost Check out the area focusing on limestone. What properties of limestone make it a good building material?

19 INVESTIGATING 8 th GRADE SCIENCE STANDARDS AT CONNER PRAIRIE As you tour the grounds, here are some activities students can participate in, as well as questions they can ask, to further their understanding about the following science standards. Science Explain that human activities, beginning with the earliest herding and agricultural activities, have drastically changed the environment and have affected the capacity of the environment to support native species. Explain current efforts to reduce and eliminate these impacts and encourage sustainability. 8.ESS.3 Research how human consumption of finite natural resources (i.e. coal, oil, natural gas, and clean water) and human activities have had an impact on the environment (i.e. causes of air, water, soil, light, and noise pollution). Lenape Camp Ask staff about the fur trader s impact on wildlife in Indiana. How has fur trading impacted the native species? Prairietown Ask a few residents if they have farms and, if so, are they clearing the land for crops. Identify the main material used to construct and furnish buildings. What fuel is being used in the fireplaces? What impact did clearing the land and using wood have on the environment? Science Examine traits of individuals within a population of organisms that may give them an advantage in survival and reproduction in given environments or when the environments change. Science Recognize and describe how new varieties or organisms have come about from selective breeding. 8.LS.9 Examine traits of individuals within a species that may give them an advantage or disadvantage to survive and reproduce in stable or changing environment. 8.LS.10 Gather and synthesize information about how humans alter organisms genetically through a variety of methods. Animal Encounters Barn Learn how farmers breed healthy and productive livestock. Meet some of our heritage livestock breeds and discuss why it is important to protect our heritage breeds.

20 6-8.E.3 Analyze data from investigations to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. 6-8.E.4 Develop a prototype to generate data for repeated investigations and modify a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. Note: Technology is defined as human-made objects and processes designed to meet a need or want. As you tour the grounds, there are many examples of technology from canoes to cookware. For each of these you can describe their limits, make comparisons to present-day items, and discuss how they improved the quality of life. Create. Connect focuses on innovations in history like wind power and rural electrification. Create.Connect Make and test prototypes of paper gliders, wind turbines, electrical circuits and chain reactions. What changes might be made to improve the original design?