Investigations in Science Grade 6 Sudden Impact Overview

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Erik Clifford Hart
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1 Investigations in Science Grade 6 Sudden Impact Overview Content Focus Duration Scientific Processes There are constraints affecting the applicability of science investigations to real world objects and processes. Describing Motion Motion can be described using the relationships between position, direction, time, and distance. Forces and Newton s Laws Newton s Laws of Motion explain the relationships between forces acting on a body (mass) and the motion of the body. Energy and Work Work is done when a force moves an object over a distance and energy is required to cause that change. Technology, and Design Design is a creative planning process subject to trade-offs; there is no perfect solution Instructional Outcomes Apply knowledge from other fields to solving scientific problems Clarify questions that can be explored by scientific investigations Identify variables in a system and explain how they are related and why only one may be changed at a time Recognize that design criteria and constraints (e.g., cost, technology, materials, or physical laws/properties) limit choices and require trade-offs. Analyze the value and limitations of models in explaining real objects or processes Bumper Connection: The peak force that is exerted during a collision is determined by the variables of mass, velocity, and time of impact. Mathematical relationships, models, and technology can be used to assist scientists in measuring, interpreting, and communicating data collected during investigations. Use mathematics to interpret and communicate data. Observe, describe, and compare the motion of objects in terms of their position, change in position, direction, and time to move a certain distance Calculate and graph specific and average speed and velocity data Compare accelerated and constant motions using time, distance, and velocity data. Calculate, graph, and describe acceleration using velocity and time data Bumper Connection: Acceleration is a function of changing velocities over time and demonstrates how mathematical operations can be used to explain an object s motion. Explain why it is valuable to have multiple trials during investigations Demonstrate and explain how forces interact to cause changes in motion Explain why objects remain at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force Investigate and explain quantitatively how acceleration is affected when the same net force acts on objects of different mass Investigate and explain quantitatively how acceleration is affected when different net forces act on objects of the same mass Bumper Connection: Newton s first and second laws of motion explain how forces interact to cause changes in the motion of the car. The third law explains how the action and reaction forces are related to the energy transfer during a collision. Describe the relationship between the mass or velocity of an object, or distance an object is moved by a force to the change in its potential energy or kinetic energy Recognize that energy is conserved and cannot be created nor destroyed Explain how energy either changes form or is transferred through the action of forces Explain how simple machines affect input and output work calculations and the relationship between the variables of force, distance, and energy Bumper Connection: A bumper that reduces the peak force during a collision effectively absorbs energy, decreasing the amount of energy that is transferred directly into a car s occupants during a collision. Recognize how social priorities are reflected in technological devices. Recognize how systems interact with each other and that malfunctions in a part of a system can impact the function and quality of an entire system and its processes. Question claims based on vague statements and conclusions that are not supported by the evidence. Explain the difference between invention and innovation and how technology is linked to creativity. Build a three-dimensional representation of a design solution. Bumper Connection: An innovative bumper system reflects the value society places on safety and how new technologies result from societal demands.

2 Butterfly Habitat Overview Content Focus Duration Instructional Outcomes Ecology and Issues There are many factors that affect diverse populations in a variety of ecosystems. (Safety Test) Diversity of Life Although there is a great diversity of organisms living in a variety of ecosystems, there exist similarities across all populations and differences within populations Change Over Time The characteristics of organisms gradually change over time as a result of natural selection. Flow of Matter and Energy Matter and energy flow throughout an ecosystem in predictable patterns. Technology, and Design 5-7 (Excluding Safety) Develop questions and conclusions based upon data Explain how abiotic and biotic factors affect the number organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems an environment can support Differentiate between habitats, ecosystems, and biomes Verify how limiting factors, such as disease, and competing for resources with native and nonnative species limit populations Butterfly Habitat Connection: The habitats of any organism, including the Checkerspot butterfly, in any biome, including the deciduous forest, require a specific combination of abiotic and biotic factors that are often impacted by human activities. Link data from investigations conducted to contributions of research conducted by others Verify biologists claims that organisms in all kingdoms can be classified based upon internal and external structures, and processes Identify the general distinctions among organisms that support the five kingdom classification system Use a dichotomous key to classify organisms Evaluate the effectiveness of the classification systems Butterfly Habitat Connection: There are similarities and differences between the structures and processes of the Checkerspot butterfly and other organisms, including butterflies. Describe how the accumulation of small differences in traits between successive generations can lead to descendants being different from their ancestors. Explain how organisms, including plants, with similar needs within any ecosystem in any biome will compete with one another for resources. Explain why some organisms, including plants, with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than others Describe how gradual and sudden environmental changes can affect the survival of an organism or an entire species Recognize how adaptations in structures, behaviors, or physiology may affect the extinction or survival of a species Butterfly Habitat Connection: Organisms, including the Checkerspot butterfly, change over time but do not evolve as quickly as a changing environment so a habitat must meet their needs. Describe how organisms interact with each other and their physical setting Explain how organisms, including plants, obtain, store, use, and transfer energy in an ecosystem Describe how the amount of matter flowing through an ecosystem remains constant and continues indefinitely even though its form and location change Butterfly Habitat Connection: A variety of populations interacts with the Checkerspot butterfly in an ecosystem and competes with it for resources. Butterfly Habitat Connection: A habitat restoration faces certain design constraints, including environmental, financial, political, and logistical.

3 Going Green Overview Content Focus Duration Instructional Outcomes Resources and Human Needs resources are used by living things in a variety of ways Issues resources need protection and conservation in a given environment. Change As resources are used in a habitat, the environment is changed. Resource Use Human resource use can cause changes that have social, economic, and environmental impacts Differentiate between renewable and non renewable resources Determine ways humans impact the environment obtaining and using natural resources Develop questions and understand existing problems relating to natural resource use Apply the design process to solve problems in and beyond the classroom Going Green Connection: Humans use a variety of renewable and nonrenewable resources. The availability of these resources is dependent on the location in the world and the impact of human activities. Compare data from classroom investigations to contributions of research conducted by others Verify the amount of human impact on environmental changes Identify the effects of human impact on the environment Evaluate the effectiveness of current green designs Going Green Connection: There is an impact on the environment as a result of humans obtaining and using the Earth s resources. Some human impact is positive. Some human impact is negative and reversible, some impact needs a more concentrated effort to correct, and some impact is irreversible. Describe how environmental changes have caused organisms, including plants, to adapt and survive Explain how environmental changes have caused organisms to migrate out of an area to survive Explain why some organisms have become extinct because they could not survive environmental changes Describe how fossils show that gradual and sudden environmental changes can affect the survival of an organism or an entire species Recognize that fossils are evidence of environmental changes which caused adaptations in structures, behaviors, or physiology may have affected the extinction or survival of a species Going Green Connection: Organisms, including plants, change over a period of time. Human activities may cause the environment to change so quickly that many organisms will no longer be able to adapt. Describe the impact of your green design on living things Explain design constraints such as cost effectiveness, availability of materials, and by-products of construction Investigate the possibilities of your green design to be transferred to other buildings, communities, or parts of the country Going Green Connection: Green projects will model a solution to a variety of environmental problems created from natural resource use. The project should include measurable human impact that is personal, local, national, environmental, financial, or political.

4 Alternative Energy Overview Content Focus Duration Electricity and Magnetism Electrical current moving through a wire produces a magnetic force on materials placed near the wire. 7 Instructional Outcomes Cite examples that demonstrate the transformation of electrical energy into other forms of energy Investigate and describe that some materials allow the quick, convenient, and safe transfer of electricity (conductors), while others prevent the transfer of electricity (insulators). Identify and describe the energy transformations in simple electric circuits. Investigate and describe the magnetic fields surrounding various types of magnets. Investigate and explain ways to change the strength of a simple electromagnet by varying the number of coils wrapped, the amount of electricity in the wire, the number of batteries used, and whether or not an iron core is used. Energy Summit Electrical energy can be generated from a variety of sources and transferred into almost any form of energy. Wave Interactions Waves are able to transfer energy from one place to another. Build and Design a Solar Collector (Technology, and Design) Research, development and experimentation is use to convert energy to a usable form Solar Collector Connection: Solar energy can be converted to electrical energy through the use of solar cells and electrical generators. Cite evidence supporting that electrical energy can be produced from a variety of energy sources and can itself be transformed into almost any other form of energy. Research and identify various energy sources and the energy transforming devices used to produce electrical energy Identify and describe the energy transformations in simple electric circuits. Solar Collector Connection: Some alternative energy sources are better than others for a specific geographic location. Identify and describe the relationships among the various properties of waves. Cite examples to show that light and sound waves transfer energy from one place to another. Measure and describe the wavelength, frequency, and amplitude of waves. Investigate and describe that the pitch of sounds can be varied by changing the rate of vibration and the loudness can be changed by amplitude. Cite evidence that sound waves transfer energy using observation of sympathetic tuning forks, tuned guitar strings, etc. Based on data generalize the law of reflection. Cite evidence that something can be seen when light waves emitted or reflected by it enter the eye and the color of the object depends on the amount of energy reflected or absorbed. Based on observations predict the change in the direction (refraction) of light as it travels from one material to another. Solar Collector Connection: Energy from the sun s light waves can be collected and used as an energy source. Recognize and explain that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather it changes form or is transferred through the action of forces. Identify and explain that heat energy is a product of the conversion of one form of energy to another. Identify and describe the various forms of energy that are transformed in order for systems (living and non-living) to operate. Explain that some heat energy is always lost from a system during energy transformations. Solar Collector Connection: The feasibility of designing and building a solar collector is evaluated.

South Carolina Interactive Science 2017

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