Dams and the World s Water
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1 Dams and the World s Water International Commission on Large Dams Name of presenter 1
2 The ICOLD Booklet 2
3 The World s Water Presently water quantity, quality and availability concerns occur regularly By the end of the 21 st century water will be the most imperiled natural resource in the world 3
4 ICOLD Mission ICOLD advances the art, science and engineering for the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of safe dams to ensure sustainable development and management of the world's water resources. This is accomplished by: Providing an international forum for the exchange of knowledge and experiences on dam engineering and construction Technical committees that address emerging issues Raise the level of public awareness of the beneficial role of dams 4
5 Water Remains the vital resource to sustain civilization Not evenly distributed by season or location Imbalance between availability and demand Careless use and contamination of what is available 5
6 Main Issues with Water Quantity Quality Demand versus availability 6
7 The World s Water 7
8 The World s Water Cycle 79% of the rain falls on the ocean Of the water that falls on land 59% - evaporation 38% - runoff 2% - groundwater It is critical that we store some of the runoff in reservoirs 8
9 Distribution of the World s Water Dry river bed in India Flooding in China Water is not evenly distributed by season or location 9
10 Groundwater Not Always Available at the Locations and in the Quantities Meeded 10
11 World Population Date 11
12 A perspective on Domestic Water Requirements Purpose liters/person/day Drinking 5 Sanitation 20 Bathing 15 Cooking 10 Total 50 Equates to 4,281 gallons/person/year or cubic meters/person/year 12
13 For example: A perspective on Domestic Water Requirements A city of 500,000 people requires 25 million liters per day A town of 1,000 people requires 50,000 liters per day A small village of 500 inhabitants requires 25,000 liters per day Where there is a significant demand for water dams and reservoirs are our most realistic option 13
14 History of Dams For almost 5000 years, dams have enabled civilization to collect and store water. Throughout the world dams have been successful in maintaining and enhancing the quality of life. They have become an integral part of our societies infrastructure. Marib Dam, Yemen Built in 750 BC and upgraded in
15 Dams of Today 15
16 Dams of Today 16
17 Dams of Today 17
18 The Benefits We Receive From Dams Water supply domestic, agricultural & industrial Flood control Hydropower Inland navigation Recreation is usually included in all projects 18
19 Domestic Water Supply A typical water supply dam 19
20 Industrial Water Supply It takes 246,000 liters or 65,000 gallons of water to produce one ton of steel 20
21 Irrigation Food Grows Where Water Flows 21
22 Flood Control Flooding in Europe Flooding in Africa Floods represent 30% of all natural disasters Between 1975 and 2000 there were 95 significant floods in the world 22
23 Flood Control Dams provide storage for flood control After the flood season is over the water is released to maintain river flows 23
24 Hydropower Hydropower is a source of renewable energy All water is passed downstream 24
25 Inland Navigation A 15 barge tow making a passage at a lock and dam The capacity of 1 tow equals 15 jumbo rail cars or 55 normal trucks 25
26 Dams and the Environment Economic Benefits Environmental Benefits A balance is needed 26
27 Environmental Conservation Creating a wetland environment in shallow reservoir water 27
28 2005 World Summit of the United Nations UN presented 8 Millennium Development Goals and stated that: Water as a resource is an essential ingredient for all goals Sound water resources development and management underpins attainment of each goal Requirements to meet the Goals will vary across regions 28
29 Looking to the Future Planning process for water resources projects Accomplished on a watershed basis that includes wise use of multipurpose dams and reservoirs Must address and mitigate Resettlement and relocation Socio-economic impacts Environmental impacts Sedimentation issues Public involvement and coordination Increased use of integrated water management in the watershed 29
30 Summary Historically, dams and reservoirs have provided the water and other benefits to sustain life and support economic development in all parts of the world Current conditions in the world present many opportunities where water & energy are needed to sustain life, support additional development and reduce poverty In those countries and regions of the world where there is a demand for significant quantities of water and energy, what realistic options do we have? Groundwater, wind and solar must be pursued but people must realize that it has limitations and are not stand alone solutions Conservation measures and improving efficiency must be applied, however, they are also not stand-alone options 30
31 Summary The realistic option: Comprehensive planning must be accomplished on a river basin or watershed basis with involvement of all technical disciplines and stakeholder involvement We have the technology and can use it wisely The result: Better multipurpose dam projects can be built 31
32 ICOLD wants to help nations to prepare to meet tomorrow s technical challenges to develop and manage their water resources 32
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