Greywater Recycling s Impact on Israel s Water and Energy Economy

Transcription

1 Greywater Recycling s Impact on Israel s Water and Energy Economy M. Adel 1 & E. Friedler 2 1 Coalition for Greywater Recycling ( mikiadel@gmail.com) 2 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel (eranf@tx.technion.ac.il)

2 Talk layout Israel s water economy water/energy nexus greywater recycling The water saving potential and the socioeconomic feasibility of greywater reuse within the urban sector - Israel as a case study E. Friedler Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel national energy and water impact impact on individuals summary

3 Area (hetare) Israel leads the world in centralized WW reuse 87% 250,000 Irrigated - Total Irrigated - WW effluent 80% 70% 60% 75% 200, , % 50% 40% 30% 100, % 50, % 1% 2% 3% % 10% 12% 9% 8% Year 5% <1% 0% Israel Spain Australia Italy Greece C Europe

4 MCM/yr But desalination is the fastest growing water source Deficit (SW desalination) SW desalination and imports Brakish desalination Brakish water Recycled wastewater Fresh water What about decentralized reuse?

5 Specific Energy Use [kwh/m 3 ] Decentralized water production saves water and energy. Centralized WWTP Effluent Reuse SW Desalination High Energy Greywater Reuse Natural Water Sources Low Energy Source-Consumer Distance [km]

6 MCM/yr Urban demand is the fastest growing consumption sector Agriculture - fresh water Ariculture - brakish water Agriculture - recycled wastewater Lake recharge transfer to neighbors nature recharge Industry - fresh Industry - brakish Urban demand

7 Population [Millions] Specific Damand [m 3 /(person y)] Population Growth Driver of urban water demand increase Population Specific Specific Wat. Wat. Damand Damand (demand (demand manage.) manage.) Specific Wat. Demand + GWR 30% penetration only new buildings (2050) Population Annual Growth rate Germany USA Israel China India

8 What is GWR and how can it effect Onsite reuse of light GW : 1. shower/ bath 2. washbasin 3. washing machine Reuse for: 1. Toilet flushing 2. Garden irrigation Israel s water economy? Treatment Unit GW treatment system What would happen if from 2013 all new apartment buildings were required to install GWR systems?

9 Raw greywater Separate collection Treated greywater conveyance Treated greywater Separate distribution A typical installation in a multi-storey apartment building Potable water top-up One-way valve Storage Tank Vertical Shaft Basement Treatment

10 MCM Urban consumption is the fastest growing segment of Israel s water economy Source:

11 MCM GWR can slow down the growth rate of urban water demand MCM (Avoided Desalination) Urban Demand with GWR Urban Demand By % reuse only in buildings built after 2012

12 MCM/year Agricultural water allocation is only marginally effected by GWR Agricultural with GWR Brakish water Recycled wastewater Fresh water

13 By 2050, 15 million people will require ~15 desal plants over just 200 km of coast. Approved Sea of Galilee GWR can replace 1-2 of these! Dead Sea

14 Energy GWR 1/5 Energy Desalination 30 m 30 m Onsite GWR Desalination WWTP 300 m 30 km

15 Summary - GWR in Israel can: ~10%a Reduce urban water demand by: 40 MCM per year in MCM per year in 2050 ~0.5%a Reduce national electricity consumption by: 160 GWh per year in GWh per year in 2050 ~10% Avert construction of 1-2 desalination plants by 2050 Prevent emission of tonnes CO 2 by 2050 Only marginally impact wastewater availability for agriculture

16 Acknowledgments & sources The water saving potential and the socioeconomic feasibility of greywater reuse within the urban sector - Israel as a case study E. Friedler Division of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel הקואליציה למיחזור מים אפורים בישראל