Building Retro-Commissioning

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1 Building Retro-Commissioning Greg Swiss SEDAC Building Energy Specialist Smart Energy Design Assistance Center (SEDAC), University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign

2 WHAT IS RETRO-COMMISSIONING? Commissioning is the process of ensuring that building systems operate as intended HVAC Envelope Lighting Controls Security Systems Should occur when building is first constructed and delivered to client

3 WHEN TO RETRO-COMMISSION If the building has never been commissioned. If the original usage of the building has changed. If the building is experiencing: higher energy costs occupant comfort complaints indoor air quality problems numerous operation and maintenance problems

4

5 GET A FEEL FOR THE NUMBERS RCx savings 15% range 5-50% of annual energy costs Project length 1-2 years Cost $0.50-$2.00/sf SPB 1-2 up to 7 years Non-quantifiable Improved occupant comfort Reduced maintenance and longer mechanical life

6 RCX PROCESS OVERVIEW Site inspection Data gathering plan Sensor installation and BAS trend logging Data collection and analysis Recommended RCx measures Client implements measures Measurement and Verification Typical Timeline (1-2 yrs) 6 months data logging 12 months implementation 6 months monitoring

7 TYPICAL FINDINGS FROM RCX Unoccupied mode Incorrect scheduling Simultaneous heating and cooling Incorrect settings & control sequences Equipment stuck at 100% Broken or malfunctioning equipment Over-ventilation

8 (PHOTO BY MCNALLY ENGINEERS) 8

9

10

11 EXCESSIVE REHEAT 6, ,300 5, , , , , , /1/2012 8/1/2012 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2012 1/1/2013 2/1/2013 3/1/2013 4/1/2013 5/1/2013 6/1/

12 EXCESSIVE REHEAT Reducing reheat could save this building $5,300 per year (15% of their annual NG cost) 6, , , , , , /1/2012 8/1/2012 9/1/ /1/ /1/ /1/2012 1/1/2013 2/1/2013 3/1/2013 4/1/2013 5/1/2013 6/1/

13 INCORRECT SCHEDULES

14 INCORRECT SCHEDULES Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Fan System Open 2B ERF2 B 3B 5B 7B 8B 2A ERF2 A 3A 5A 7A 8A 9:00 Start 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 On On On On On On 9:00 Stop 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 On On On On On On 9:00 Start 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 On On On On On On 9:00 Stop 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 On On On On On On 9:00 Start 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 On On On On On On 9:00 Stop 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 On On On On On On 9:00 Start 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 On On On On On On 9:00 Stop 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 On On On On On On 9:00 Start 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 6:00 On On On On On On 5:00 Stop 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 9:45 On On On On On On 9:00 Start 8:45 8:45 8:45 8:45 8:45 8:45 On On On On On On 5:00 Stop 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 On On On On On On 1:00 Start 12:45 12:45 12:45 12:45 12:45 12:45 On On On On On On 5:00 Stop 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 5:45 On On On On On On

15 INCORRECT SCHEDULES Why is this a big deal? Controlled 6 fans 100 hp each Savings = $32,000

16 INCORRECT SETTINGS & CONTROL SEQUENCES Off On

17 WHATS WRONG WITH THE CONTROL SEQUENCE? BAS says 76 F unoccupied, 72 F occupied Great for cooling season OOPs its February Heating valve is opening at night Might be happening in summer too, instead of floating up to 76 F, it is heating to 76 F

18 VFDS NOT VARYING Pump #1 Hot Water Temp Pump #2

19 WHAT S WRONG WITH THE VFDS? Common problem VFDs not properly controlled Sensor failure Sensor location No Sensor Misapplication of a VFD

20 HOW COMFORT AND ENERGY USE ARE RELATED Temperature :00:00 AM 12:30:00 AM 1:00:00 AM 1:30:00 AM 2:00:00 AM 2:30:00 AM 3:00:00 AM 3:30:00 AM 4:00:00 AM 4:30:00 AM 5:00:00 AM 5:30:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 6:30:00 AM 7:00:00 AM 7:30:00 AM 8:00:00 AM 8:30:00 AM 9:00:00 AM 9:30:00 AM 10:00:00 AM 10:30:00 AM 11:00:00 AM 11:30:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 12:30:00 PM 1:00:00 PM 1:30:00 PM 2:00:00 PM 2:30:00 PM 3:00:00 PM 3:30:00 PM 4:00:00 PM 4:30:00 PM 5:00:00 PM 5:30:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 6:30:00 PM 7:00:00 PM 7:30:00 PM 8:00:00 PM 8:30:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 9:30:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 10:30:00 PM 11:00:00 PM 11:30:00 PM 12/10/2011 TAB ZN-T TAB DA-T

21 WHATS WRONG WITH THE VAV BOX Driftpoint set to tight Controls issue A neighboring VAV box

22 COMFORT ASSESSMENT Overall Temperature Average Score = 2.71 Description Too Cold Just Right Too Hot Score Responses Overall Humidity Average Score = 3.04 Description Too Humid Just Right Too Dry Score Responses Overall Lighting Average Score = 2.93 Description Too Dim Just Right Too Bright Score Responses

23 WHY DO A COMFORT ASSESSMENT Often system configuration has evolved in an attempt to meet occupants comfort issues. Sometimes satisfying a few vocal occupants results in discomfort for a larger number of occupants. Systems can get tweaked into suboptimal configurations. RCx should result in better comfort and less energy usage.

24 SAMPLE PROJECT Middle School in southwestern Illinois Opened in ,000 sf $1.50/sf Had all the bells and whistles

25 SAMPLE PROJECT High electric baseload High demand during unoccupied periods during the summer and school year 300,000 Electricity Consumption (kwh) 250, , , ,000 50,000 0

26 ELECTRIC INTERVAL DATA SAMPLE WEEK Systems shut down by 6:00 PM Systems turn back on at midnight Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 500 kw :00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM 4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM

27 HOW TO BE A HERO Recommend scheduling air handlers 27

28 MONTHLY KWH SAVINGS Saved almost $15,000 in the first three months Electricity use savings slowed in August, September Billed vs. Predicted kwh Use Billed kwh Expected kwh 250,000 kwh 200, ,000 $5,000 $5,650 $4,175 $910 $1, ,000 50,000 0 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Month 28

29 SAMPLE RTU HAD FOLLOWED SCHEDULE Did follow the 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. weekday schedule Fan operation changed to 24/7

30 Only 3 out of 22 air handlers operated as scheduled

31 SAMPLE PROJECT Assumed communication error or equipment malfunction/reset

32 RESOLUTION Member of the building staff was continuously altering data points on the graphics page of the BAS Would set the shut down time to 9:00 p.m. instead of 5:00 or 6 p.m.

33 CURRENT RCX PROGRAMS & FUNDING Public Administered by SEDAC More than 5 years old >150,000 sf BAS system Private Pre-approved RCx provider Healthcare facility OR Compressed air sys. Private Pre-approved RCx provider 500 kw demand More than 5 years old >150,000 sf BAS system Alternative If not eligible for RCx programs RCx cost can be reduced applying for custom incentives based on electrical and natural gas savings

34 FINAL THOUGHTS Buildings are really complicated and a lot can go wrong People might not realize something is wrong Solutions can be very simple What people consider retro-commissioning varies Ask what s included Scope of work e.g., Is BAS trending included? Duration of the project Will solutions ID only or also fixed? Is the project being done to achieve energy savings, just to optimize, to improve comfort?

35 RCX ACHILLES HEEL Why doesn t RCx always work 35

36 UP NEXT: LUNCH Presentations will be available at: presentations.sedac.org Web site: Contact:

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