GAS AND COAL FOR THE 21st CENTURY GREEN SOLUTIONS. E. Dias Lopes

Transcription

1 A Quality and Technology Network GAS AND COAL FOR THE 21st CENTURY GREEN SOLUTIONS E. Dias Lopes Partnership for Energy and Environmental Stewardship November 7,8 & 9, 2007 PENICHE, PORTUGAL

2 SUMMARY 1-Fossil Resources in the World 2-Other Energy Resources 3-World Demand of Energy 4-Actual Energy Resources versus 2020 a comparison 6-Energy Needs in Portugal 7-Coal Resources in the World 8-Production of 1 MWY and related Emissions 9-Coal & Gas Energy production Systems 10-How to Decrease Gas Emissions 11-Desufurization 12-Injection in Oil Wells 13-Advanced Technological Processes for Clean Coal 14-EU Thermal and Nuclear Fleet Retirements 15-CO2 Emissions and Level of Reduction of Reduction Types of PS 16-Future Scenarios and Conclusions 17-Nuclear Fusion ITER

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4 Other Energy Sources Renewable Eolic Solar Solar Photovoltaic Hydrogen/ FuelCells Waves Tides Ocean Streams Biomass and Biodiesel Hidric Nuclear Geothermal

5 WORLD DEMAND OF ENERGY Source MBDOE Total Energy Non Fossil Energy Eolic and Solar Growth Rate , % Forecast 1.2 MBDOE Eolic and Solar MBDOE 1,2 Growth Rate , % Forecast 0,9 Growth Rate , % Forecast 200 Other Coal Gas 50 Crude Biomass, MSW Nuclear Hidric ,6 Eolic ,3 Solar , ICEA ENUPOR Eng.º Pedro Sampaio Nunes 3 ENERGIA NUCLEAR DE PORTUGAL, S.A. 17 de Março de 2006

6 7% 3% 2% 16% 52% 20% Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Renewables

7 2000-3,618 Billion kw ,804 Billion kw 7% 1% 3% 7% 3% 2% 16% 52% 31% 49% 20% 9% Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Renewables Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Renewables

8 NEEDS OF ENERGY IN PORTUGAL (Source-EU) 100 MWh Saldo Importação Outras Renováveis Eólica Hidraulica Fuel Gas Natural Carvão

9 Coal Resources in the World (%) South America 1 Asia 1 Africa 1 Canada 2 Australia 3 EU 6 China 9 USA 29 Russia 49

10 PRODUCTION OF 1 MWY ENERGY 2500 TONS COAL 5000 TONS CO2, SO2, SP, HM 1500 TONS FUEL 4800 TONS CO2,SO2, SP,OTH 700 TONS NG 2400 TONS CO2

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12 Combined Cycle Plant

13 Detail of a Combined Cycle Turbine

14 How to Decrease Gas Emissions -Sulfur Oxides (SOx)- Desulfurization -Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Burners Improvement -Particles- High Efficiency Electro-precipitators -Other Minor Pollutants- Specific treatments -Ashes- Portland Cement Manufacturing -Carbon Dioxide (CO2)- Major Fraction

15 Sulfur Oxides (SOx)- Desulfurization

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17 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR CLEAN COAL Advanced pulverised coal-fired boilers (PCF) Atmospheric fluidised-bed combustion (AFBC) Pressurised fluidised-bed combustion (PFBC) Integrated gasification combined-cycle systems (IGCC) Pressurised pulverised coal combustion (PPCC) Integrated gasification fuel cell systems (IGFC) Magneto hydrodynamic electricity generation (MHD).

18 ICEA Eng.º Pedro Sampaio Nunes 7 th November 2007.

19 Emissões de CO2 e níveis de redução dos diferentes tipos de centrais CO2 Emissions and level of reduction in different types of PS ENUPOR ENERGIA NUCLEAR DE PORTUGAL, S.A. 18 de Março de 2006

20 Future Scenarios and Conclusions Short Term Medium Term Long Term

21 Short Term Increase the Availability of Existing PS Life Time Extension (RLA, RBI, RBIM) Supercritical Power Stations Conventional Combined Cycle PS *With CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage Policies)

22 Medium Term Future Conventional Power Stations - Hypercritical PS (D 700, D 750) Combine Cycle ( T,ºC higher than 1500) *With CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage Policies)

23 Long Term Gasification of coal in old mines Extensive Use of Hydrogen as Fuel ITER

24 OTHER CONCLUSIONS/LIMITATIONS Limited Resources of Coal and Gas in EU China & India with high rates of consumption High transportation costs Clean Technologies are still expensive World resources with a maximum of 100 years Use of gasification of poor coal mines (directly) Needs for long term R&D in other resources (H2) Need to change from CP to Nuclear (ITER)

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26 ITER France M

27 ITER TIMESCHEDULE ITER Location (2005)-FRANCE ITER Construction ( ) ITER Operation ( ) Construction of Materials Irradiation Plant of IFMIF ( ) DEMO (ignition & technology): 2020 First Commercial Reactor

28 Thank You