TOWARDS A COST EFFECTIVE GREEN ENERGY PRODUCTION

Transcription

1 TOWARDS A COST EFFECTIVE GREEN ENERGY PRODUCTION E. Dias Lopes NASA/C3P 2009 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Global Collaboration in Environmental and Alternative Energy Strategies November 2009 Munich, Germany

2 Why a Green Energy Production? Energy Demand and Available Natural Resources Climate Change and Global Warming Protect the Environment and Mankind

3 Energy Demand Conventional Power Plants Fossil Fired Combibned Cycle Other Energy Sources

4 Energy Demand Other Energy Sources Renewable Eolic Solar Solar Photovoltaic Hydrogen/ FuelCells Nuclear Geothermal Waves Tides Ocean Streams Biomass and Biodiesel Hidric

5 Energy Demand NASA/C3P 2009 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ,618 Billion kw ,804 Billion kw 7% 1% 3% 7% 3% 2% 16% 52% 31% 49% 20% 9% Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Renewables Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro Renewables

6 MBDOE Total Energy Growth Rate , % forecast NASA/C3P 2009 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 1.2 Energy Demand MBDOE Non-fossil Energy Wind and Solar forecast MBDOE 1,2 Growth Rate , % 0,9 Wind and Solar Growth Rate , % forcast 200 Others Coal Gas 50 Fuel Biomass, MSW Nuclear Hydro ,6 wind ,3 Solar ,

7 Available Natural Resources (50-100Years)

8 Fleet retirements in EU

9 Power Production Huge amounts of capital investment to change actual scenarios to renewable sources of energy Energy Storage are still Economically Unrealistic - Water Dams, Pressure (available and used) - Others Needs of Practical and Economical Routes for CCS

10 What future for other Energy Sources? Renewable Hydro Geothermal Nuclear Eolic/Wind Power Solar Solar Photovoltaic Hydrogen/ FuelCells Waves Tides Ocean Streams Biomass and Biodiesel

11 Needs for Renewable Energies Eolic / Wind onshore and offshore Investment in powerful systems to optimize costs of MWh (min. 3-4 MW) Solar and Solar Photovoltaic Investment in powerful systems Assessment of best available locations Hybrid systems (e.g. Solar and Steam) Hydrogen/Fuel cells Decrease costs for hydrogen production for massive applications

12 Needs for Renewable Energies Biomass/Biodiesel Hydro 3rd generation of biorefineries Refurbishment of old water dams Investment in available places Geothermal Needs for investment in higher pressure and temperature Plants

13 Climate Change and Global Warming PRODUCTION OF 1 MWY ENERGY 2500 TONS COAL 5000 TONS CO2, SO2, SP, OTH 1500 TONS FUEL 4800 TONS CO2,SO2, SP,OTH 700 TONS NG 2400 TONS CO2

14 Protect Environment and Mankind CO2 emissions around 21,3 Gtons/y 50%Absorbed by Natural Process Quality of Life Air Pollution by FF part. lower 10 micron* - Premature dead people/y Life Expectance decrease 9 months -Health 80000M /Y *EU data 2005

15 Climate Change and Global Warming GHG % [GHE] CAUSES YEARS TO BE ABSORVED BY BIOSYSTEM CO 2 64 FOSSIL FUEL (FF) CFC 10 PLASTICS SOLVENTS SPRAYS OLD EQUIPMENT CH 4 19 CATLE ORGANIC LANDFIL N 2 O 6 WOOD COMBUSTION, FF ---

16 Why Cost Effective? Support Sustainable Development Carbon Effect on Global Warming accepted by World Countries Rio, Kyoto, Copenhagen Protocols accepted by majority of World Countries Costs of Remediation due to Climate Change and Global Warming are unpredictable

17 Measures to reduce CO2 (Short, Medium & Long Term) -House-heating/Lighting in Energy Efficiency Buildings(ST) -Transports (until 2025 World will increase from 0,7 to 1,75 billions - Cars mainly in Developing Countries(1/4 inhabit.) - Low Consumption Cars (ST) - Hybrid Electric & Fuel Cell Cars (ST-MT- until 2025) - Electric Cars (LT) -Power Production (source for most of other systems)

18 Fossil Fuel Power Production Systems Coal-Fired Power Plants (incl. Supercritical) Combined Cycle CP (NG and Others)

19 Threats Most of Energy Production Systems already in Global Activities are based on Cheap Fuel - House-heating and Lighting Systems - Transports - Power Production

20 Short Term Increase the Availability of Existing PS Life Time Extension (RLA, RBI, RBIM) Supercritical Power Stations Conventional Combined Cycle PS *With CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage)

21 Medium Term Future Conventional Power Stations Hypercritical PS (D 700, D 750)* Combine Cycle (Temp. turbine hig. 1200ºC) *With CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage Policies)

22 Long Term Gasification of coal in old mines Extensive Use of Hydrogen as Fuel ITER

23 Why not Nuclear Power Plants? Conventional (III) New Generation (III+ and IV) New Generation -F1-Fusion -H1-Hybrid

24 NASA/C3P 2009 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY F1 FUSION GENERATION-ITER France M

25 ITER TIMESCHEDULE ITER Location (2005)-FRANCE ITER Construction ( ) ITER Operation ( ) Construction of Materials Irradiation Plant of IFMIF ( ) DEMO Ignition & technology (2020) First Commercial Reactor

26 Emissões de CO2 e níveis de redução dos diferentes tipos de centrais CO2 Emissions and level of reduction in different types of PS ENUPOR ENERGIA NUCLEAR DE PORTUGAL, S.A. 18 de Março de 2006

27 Conclusions All the systems (Conventional, Renewable, Nuclear) will be needed in the future (ST,MT &LT) Carbon Emissions must be strongly reduced (e.g. CCS) Increase efficiency on Power Production (Lower costs/kwh produced) Reduce the needs per inhabitant (mainly in developed countries and increase aid to the others to prevent excess of Carbon Emissions) Energy demand produced by clean and or safe technologies (clean coal, extensive investments in competitive renewable energies, Nuclear Fusion and or Hybrid)

28 Thank You E. Dias Lopes