Potential strategies for utilizing SMRs for combined-heat-andpower

Transcription

1 Featured Presentation #3 Joint Research Centre (JRC) 1 Potential strategies for utilizing SMRs for combined-heat-andpower production David Shropshire Energy Systems Evaluation Unit Petten, The Netherlands David.Shropshire@ec.europa.eu 3-6 October, 2011

2 New roles for SMRs 2 Integration with renewable energy systems for production of electricity and non-electricity products Presentation: #1 #2 #2 Stabilizing role with RES in the grid Process heat production Integration with Energy Storage to support energy peaking requirements as a component of smart- and super- grids

3 Presentation and discussion topics 3 Potential SMR opportunities in traditional Combined- Heat-and-Power (CHP) markets Opportunities in new markets Nuclear-wind-biomass hybrid system Energy storage and integration with smart grids

4 CHP market opportunities 4

5 CHP traditional market opportunities 5 Iron and steel (including coke) Refinery Chemical industry Industrial gases Cement Non-metallic minerals Primary aluminium Plug-in Extended Secondary aluminium Non-ferrous metals Ferrous metals Lime, dolomite and magnesite Soda ash and sodium bicarbonate Average thermal capacity per site (MWth/site)

6 CHP traditional markets in the EU (2030) 6 Euros/MWh (electric equivalent) Market #1 Target Range ( /MWh) Market #2 Target Range ( /MWh) Market #3 Target Range ( /MWh) Market #4 Target Range ( /MWh) Coal CHP Coal Gas CHP Gas CCS Moderate Fuel Price High Fuel Price Please note: The costs shown are based on conditions within the EU in 2030 and may not be representative of other countries and their associated financial conditions.

7 Cost targets for heat and electricity (2030) 7 Euros/MWh (heat and electric) Heat Only CHP Heat Only Target Range (30-60 /MWh) Target Range ( /MWh) Medium Transmission Markets Electricity Only Target Range ( /MWh) Small Electrical Distribution Markets Target Range ( /MWh) Small Electrical Distribution Markets Gas Boiler Coal CCS Gas Gas CCS Moderate Fuel Price High Fuel Price Please note: The costs shown are based on conditions within the EU in 2030 and may not be representative of other countries and their associated financial conditions.

8 Two case studies are under evaluation 8 Strategies for using modular and flexible SMRs to achieve deep penetration levels of wind power in the EU power mix. Conceptual evaluation of nuclear-wind-biomass hybrid system for the production of carbon neutral energy in the EU.

9 Nuclear hybrids provide additional versatility 9 2 MW x MW x 100 Includes dynamic energy switching between electrical, thermal, and energy storage Distribution or Transmission Grid 2 MW x 100 Node New transmission (AC or DC) 2 MW x MW x 100 Overflow wind power SMR SMR Electricity +NSSS Dynamic Energy Switching SMR Heat Batch Thermal Process Bulk Product 1,000 MWe Capacity Off-Shore Wind Turbines Plug-in Single or Modular SMRs ( MWe) Storage Returns SMR Energy Storage Compressed Air Storage Desalinated water, biomass torrefaction

10 Example: Plug-in SMR + dynamic energy switching 10 Variable Electricity Node Reliable base or intermediate power GRID Wind Turbines Offsetting SMR Electricity SMR Heat SMR +NSSS Dynamic Energy Switching Drying and Torrefaction Processes Torrefied Product SMRs ( MWe) Adiabatic compressed-air storage (AA-CAES) Regionally collected Biomass JRC-IE Institute for Energy and Transport Investigator: David Shropshire (david.shropshire@ec.europa.eu)

11 Additional applications for hybrid systems 11 Nuclear CHP as a low-carbon replacement to fossil fuel in directed markets Biomass drying and torrefaction District heating Desalination Synfuel processing (w/addition of H 2 ) JRC-IE Institute for Energy and Transport Investigator: Johan Carlsson (johan.carlsson@jrc.nl)

12 Summary - advantages of nuclear hybrid systems 12 Utilises current technology SMRs as plug-in power sources Facilitates high utilization/capacity factors Shares transmission infrastructure costs Further reduces power variability from RES Provides energy sink for excess wind energy Produces heat for various applications A JRC study on this potential is nearly finished

13 Energy Storage - Role and Benefits 13 JRC-IE Institute for Energy and Transport Investigators: Luigi Debarberis (luigi.debarberis@ec.europa.eu) Helder Lopes Ferreira (helder.ferreira@ec.europa.eu) Rodica Sandu Loisel (rodica.sandu@ec.europa.eu)

14 Energy Storage is a multi-scale issue 14 Capacity >100 MWh RES in large Transmission parks ~1 MWh Distribution ~10 KWh Smart Grids RES distributed few KW ~100s KW ~100s MW Power

15 Energy storage is key to the Smart Grid Distributed storage / EV integration Distributed generation management Distributed RES management Demand management Integration of RES at distribution level Storage at mid-distribution Smarter distribution/substations 15 Reliability Centralised storage mainly hydro-pumped Smart Transmission Smart metering deployment Integration of large RES parks Smart meter µchp Heat/cold Home appliances Home STORAGE RES Interconnection GRID Past Present Future

16 Storage technologies are diverse and evolving 16 Source: EC, JRC- SETIS, Technology Map (2011).

17 Storage needs to be matched to application PHS CAES AA-CAES Hydrogen NaS Energy density, Wh/kg Round-trip efficiency, % Technical Life-time, yrs Power cost, /kw Maturity Stage Response time s-min min min min s-min Power rating, MW Source EC, JRC- SETIS, Technology Map (2011). 17 Best storage candidate for: RES + Grid support: PHS seasonal storage, secondary reserve. CAES wind-remote areas, seasonal storage, tertiary reserve. Hydrogen very large-scale storage in isolated systems with expensive grid extension. load shifting, price arbitrage, reserves, forecast hedging, grid congestion avoidance, load following, energy balancing NaS medium-scale storage, long daily cycles.

18 Pumped hydro storage is ongoing in the EU 18 Basic principle: to store energy by means of two reservoirs located at different elevations Installed Capacity in Europe: ~ 40 GW Developments in Europe: Planned/ ongoing projects by 2020 ~ 7 GW (CH, PT, AT, ES, DE, SI); Upgrading old plants + optimizing turbine/ pump system (CH, AT, ES); Transformation of standalone reservoirs into PHS Norway potential GW (driven by large deployment Research fields: of wind power in the North Sea) Aguayo PHS (ES), courtesy of E.ON on the location of the technology: improved civil engineering and construction techniques the use of underground reservoirs (Netherlands) former opencast mines: from granite mining (Estonia), from coal mining (Germany) demonstration of open coast sea concept (Japan).

19 Pumped hydro further utilizes hydro resources 19 The potential for new conventional hydropower is very limited in Europe because of environmental considerations, lack of adequate sites and social acceptance issues. Transformation of standalone reservoirs to PHS likely to offer: Lower environmental impact caused years ago! Grid already there (if transforming from a hydropower scheme) Lower cost But what is the potential? A JRC study on this potential is nearly finished

20 CAE storage has high potential worldwide 20 Basic principle: Store energy mechanically by compressing the air from the atmosphere, e.g., underground caverns. Worldwide capacities: 320 MW (FRG), 110 MW (USA). Projects: USA, Italy, Japan, So. Africa, Israel, Morocco, and ROK. Developments in Europe ¾ Underground caverns potential: DE, DK, ES, FR, NL, PT, UK ¾ R&D Adiabatic CAES: ADELE project (Germany). Huntorf, Germany, KBB, E.ON Research fields: ¾Adiabatic CAES: lower cost, demo; and potential to use SMR heat to reheat the air in the heat accumulator. ¾ Isothermal compression: lower cost, demo; has a thermo-dynamically reversible cycle with a theoretical efficiency of 100%. ¾Identification of new storage locations: in vessels or above ground (SSCAES) CAES potential, Calaminus (2007)

21 Storage supports balancing & peaking 21 In this system, energy storage has balancing responsibilities but may also profit from other market segments (e.g., price arbitrage and ancillary services provision). MW Market segments supplied by wind-caes, summer day Wholesale Market, Balancing, Reserve Market, Price Arbitrage Time (h) SR- SR+ Price_Arbitrage CAES Wind CAES operation during a 24 hour period Time (h) % 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% /MWh The storage facility is optimally charged with wind-based electricity and grid-supplied power (including nuclear). The storage is discharged continuously even during base-load periods due to insufficient wind power Discharge Compression Spot Price -15% -20% -25% A higher rate of discharge power during peak times is due to higher spot prices.

22 Example: SMR energy storage scenario 22 Assumptions: - Take advantage of daily dip in electricity demand - Store at least 25% of the daily electrical production from the SMR at night (00:00-06:00) Electrical Demand (MW) Hourly Electricity Demand in France (2009) Daily dip in demand Winter Seasonal differences Summer 1st Qtr Avg. 2nd Qtr Avg. 3rd Qtr Avg. 4th Qtr Avg Store additional energy during seasons when wind power is available (e.g., Winter) Hour of the Day Operating mode: Discharge energy during mid-day peaking periods Discharge energy to reduce RES variability. Recharge again the next night.

23 23 More information at: Loisel, R., Mercier, A.,Gatzen, C., Elms, N., 2011, Market evaluation of hybrid windstorage power systems in case of balancing responsibilities, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews(2011), Paper in production. Shropshire, D., Carlsson, J., Cherry, R., 2011, Benefits from Flexible Energy Systems in facilitating the deployment of on-shore wind, and Conceptual evaluation of nuclearwind-biomass hybrid systems for the production of carbon neutral energy in the European Union, Renewable Energy(201x), Paper in production. Experts: Listed within the presentation

24 THANK YOU 24