Integral Sanitation Approach for Urban Areas Example: Durban ethikwini Municipality, South Africa. Heike Hoffmann
|
|
- Marcia Cross
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Integral Sanitation Approach for Urban Areas Example: Durban ethikwini Municipality, South Africa Heike Hoffmann
2 What is an integral Sanitataion approach? Sanitation services in urban areas have to provided for all citizen - even if for areas which are not connected with the sewer network. -All households need an access to adequate sanitary facilities The finally destination of all products have to be planed, so that there is no negative impact to public health and environment. All sanitation channels have to be operated under aspect of sustainilibty WHERE WHAT - HOW interfaces can be used if there is defined WHO is responsible for urban sanitation?
3 Why do we need integral sanitation concepts? Sewer based systems: need a dense, consolidated and organized settlement structure, continuous drinking water supply, use of Flush toilet in households, willingness to pay for water and wastewater services - must be connected to a treatment plant, relatively high planning and investment cost relatively complex operation effort. On-Site Installationen: toilets/latrins without sewer connection need a stoarage tank for fecal material (septic- or holding tanks or pits or vaults or a container) storaeg normally is focussed on treatment (Pit Latrine- mineralization) but it may not work it urban areas, and there often is not area left for disposal or reuse of the products. There is a need of : 1. Acess to improved sanitary facilities 2. Treatment, disposal of fecalmaterial. Who has the Insitutional RESONSIBILITY who can pay for it, is there realy a market?
4
5 How can it be financed? On-Site Installation as bathroom, water closet and household connection to sewer network - are considered as private solution Problem: poor people are not able or not willing to pay for a toilet and less for no sewer based services (mainly done by private emptier ) - Worldwide onsite Sanitation is donor financed (MDG 7 improved sanitation ) - Cheapest solutions (Pit Latrine) are preferred - Sanitation channel (products) often are not considerate, even in urban areas - Hygiene and Sanitation promotion often is not adapted on real necessity - Experiences with alternative technologies (UD Toilets) often are over financed; technologies are not adapted to up scaling concepts
6 Integral Sanitation Approach for Urban Areas SEWER BASED Private FLUSH WC SEWERAGE Public Responsibility WWTP SLUDGE TREATMENT TREATED EFFLUENTS NON SEWER BASED TOILET/ LATRINE (flush or dry) FECAL STORAGE Onsite EFFLUENT URINE TRANSPORT (motorized) PIPING (simplified) TREATMENT (fecal material, sludge) TREATMENT (solid free effluents) Optional connection STABILZED SLUDGE BIOGAS URINE - Onsite options: Treatment of fecal material complets in the storage tank - the storage is emptied or seald by user (Pits, Vaults) Treatment and/or infiltration/ reuse of effuentes by user (greywater, effluent of Septic Tank, urine from UD toilets) - Offsite options: Transport of stored and completely, partially or hardly stabilized fecal material (Wastewater, Fecal Sludge, Feces) either directly to the disposal/reuse or to further treatment: either into sewer based pathway or to separate treatment place/treatment plant Piping of solid free effluents (Greywater, Urine from UD-facilities or pre-treated effluent from Septic Tank) either directly to the discharge/reuse or to treatment plant: either into sewer based pathway or to a separate decentralized treatment plant
7 Interfaces (technical) in the integral sanitation approach UgaVac, Kampala FS Transfer station, Haiphong Underground holding tanks, Accra FS reception, Kampala
8 Integral Sanitation Approach for Urban Areas Example: Durban ethikwini Municipality, South Africa 2001 ethekwini Municipality ethekwini Water and Sanitation (EWS) 32 km²; 3,7 Mio habitants 3 Mio are living in 30% of urban area 0,7 Mio are living in periurban areas Drinking water supply: 7 drinking water treatment plants, supply of entire area connection to households or Waterpoints, or Yard taps - WATER for FREE in SA: 6m³/month x household Durban: 9m³/Mon x houseold 27 Wastewater treatment plants for about 1,2 Mio habitants + Industries and Housing program ( households) Onsite sanitation for about 0,7 Mio habitants
9 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Public Toilets in SLUMS 600 urbane informal settlements; Objective : access to water points + sanitation within 200 m 450 public toilet blocks (an container) with washing places and sewer connection 6-7 Toilets per block, 75 households Use for dree (without fee) caretaker paid by Municipality Container: Euro/2 units Wastwater to the treatment plants: 45 m³/ user x year)
10 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban UD Toilets (Double Vault Urine-Diversion Toilets) UD Toilets: dry toilet (without water flush) Stabilization of fecal material because of Urine-Separation Objective: Access to sanitation for periurban- rural areas within the protected drinking water area households with UD-Toilets + 9m³ drinking water 550 /UD-Toilet- 100% public subvention because of Full Treatment in the double vault, no service necessary. Stabilzed fezes with earth 70 L/user x year
11 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Drinking water supply 9m³ /month free automatically controlled Free use of drinking water in slums
12 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Private Supplier for UD Toilets - Envirosan Well designed Urine diversion Toilets Polypropylene PP (50 ) any other supply Use for double vault, single vault and UD- VIP-Latrine without odor UD Toilet seats/ year Municip. Richard Bay UD Toilets 3 citties in South Afrika UD-VIP Nigeria (5.000), Haiiti (3.000); Ghana; Malawi; Burundi (100)
13 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Private Supplier for UD Toilets - Envirosan Sanitation market will develope when effiency and qualtity of sanitation services are controled
14 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Research with KwaZulu Natal University Pollution Controll Group, Chris Buckley, Kitty Foxon and other. Aplicated Resarch together with the ethikwini utility 1. Fecal Sludge treatment and Hygenization 80% of user are infected with Ascaris Parasiten 60% with Gardia/Cryptosoridium) survive of Ascaris eggs in sludge and soil is > 8 years 2. Cooperation with EAWAG to Urine processing and reuse 3. L&B Gates Foundation Reinvent the toilet challenge
15 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Public emptying of private Pit-latrines Pit-Latrins: private use, 2-3m deep pits When it is filled it is abondoned and the user have to built a new Pit Latrine or it is emptied by a private service Objective: public service for empying Leerung and treatment 2005 necessity for Haushalte Manual emptying (Gulper) with local workers, trained and controled by the service provier once in 5 year for free Treatment: research with composting and Pelletizing Fecal sludge wih 25% TS / 60 L/user x year
16 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Sludge Pelletizer (PPS) Problem: treatment and disposal of fecal sludge which contains parasite eggs. Resarch with PPS- industrial drying Fuel/ Petrol drying 200 o C for 10min: 1. separating of garbbage (25% solids) 2. pressing to Pellets 3. Drying to 80% (solids) Container construction: 1m³ FS/h or 3m³sludge /h (without garbage) Energy: 8-10L Petroll/m³ Costs: / Container Reuse as fertilizer is possibel, 100% hygenized product
17 Integral Sanitation Approach example Durban Decentralized wastewater treatment Dezentralized treatment plants with simplefized sewer (condominal) Objectiv: treatment services for residential periurban areas with water supply, where the people use water WC. Alternativ: households use Septic Tanks and only the solid free effluents is treated in a dezentralized plant. Fecal sludge from Septic Tank L/ user x year
18 Integral Sanitation Approach for Urban Areas Example: Durban ethikwini Municipality, South Africa HOUSEHOLDS PUBLIC RESONSIBILITY SEWER BASED NON SEWER BASED PRIAVT FLUSH WC PUBLIC (SLUM) FLUSH WC PRIVATE PIT-LATRINE PRIVATE UD-TOILET SEWERAGE STOARGE Fecal Sludge Onsite Greywater Leachate STORAGE Dry Feces Onsite Greywater Urine WWTP FS Transport (Truck) SLUDGE TREATMENT FS Drying (Pelletizer) TREATED EFFLUENTS STABILZED SLUDGE BIOGAS (sludge) PELLETS (fecal sludge) decentralized DRIED FECES, onsite URINE, onsite
19 AfricaSan3, Kigali, Rwanda 17 th - 19 th July 2011 INTEGRATING FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT INTO URBAN SANITATION PLANNING Factors for successful strategic planning Responds to local demands for improved services. Identifies the most appropriate/ cost-effective sanitation technologies and service delivery mechanisms. Builds upon existing investments, local resources and capacities of different stakeholders. Realistic given the limitations of existing resources Promotes agreements and coordination with local authorities, local service providers and other stakeholders. Experiences EWS Durban + Public responsibility + Sewer + WWTP, UT-Toilets Pit-Latrines emptying, Public Toilets/slums- REUSE + National and municipal investment + Centralized sanitation decentralized/on-site + Public/private sector (no NGO)
Challenges in Wastewater Treatment and Management in Asia:
Challenges in Wastewater Treatment and Management in Asia: Sewered vs Non-sewered Solutions Thammarat Koottatep 1 What happens after flushing the toilet? 2 6 L per time (35 Lcpd) 2 L per time (23 Lcpd)
More informationLow-cost Innovation in Water and Sanitation at a Local Level
ASSAf Leopoldina Technology Innovations for a Low Carbon Society Conference 8 9 October 2012 Low-cost Innovation in Water and Sanitation at a Local Level A set of creative and diverse research efforts
More informationSanitation Systems, Technology Options, Hygiene and Health
Eawag/Sandec, SEI, BGR, TTZ, IWA, WSSCC, BOKU, UNESCO-IHE, AEE/INTEC, GTZ, IWWA, IWA-SG, UN- Habitat, UNDP, Ecosanlac, KfW Sanitation Systems, Technology Options, Hygiene and Health zurbrugg@eawag.ch Durban,
More informationSanitation Technology Options in Lesotho
Technologies for Economic Development Polo Ground 49/3, PO BOX 14621, Maseru -100 Telephone: +266-22317795, Fax: +266 2232 5621, Email: info@ted-biogas.org web: www.ted-biogas.org; Reg. No.:2004/90 TED
More informationMega Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa Health and Sanitation. Huub Rijnaarts (WUR-ETE and WIMEK) Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld (WUR-ETE and LeAF)
Mega Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa Health and Sanitation Huub Rijnaarts (WUR-ETE and WIMEK) Katarzyna Kujawa-Roeleveld (WUR-ETE and LeAF) Knowledge Investment Theme Metropolitan Solutions Huub Rijnaarts
More informationCompendium of. Sanitation Technologies in Emergencies. Stockholm World Water Week 2017 I August 30, Compendium of
Compendium of Compendium of Sanitation Technologies in Emergencies Sanitation Technologies in Emergencies Stockholm World Water Week 2017 I August 30, 2017 Agenda 09:00 Existing Sanitation Challenges:
More information. ARUSHA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION AUTHORITY (AUWSA)
. ARUSHA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION AUTHORITY (AUWSA) ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS IN SUPPORT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMMENT (FDES 2013) PRESENTED BY MKAMA
More informationExploring legal and policy aspects of urban sanitation and hygiene
W SH learning brief Exploring legal and policy aspects of urban sanitation and hygiene By: Kome, A., Ross, K., Carrard, N., Willetts, J., Mills, F., Abeysuriya, K., Murta, J. A review of legal arrangements
More informationLow-cost Options for Treating Faecal Sludges (FS) in Developing Countries
International symposium on Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) Policy Dakar May 9-12th 2006 Low-cost Options for Treating Faecal Sludges (FS) in Developing Countries Martin Strauss EAWAG / SANDEC www.sandec.eawag.ch
More informationIndonesia Towards SDGs 2030
Indonesia Towards SDGs 2030 Aldy Mardikanto Directorate Urban, Housing, and Settlements Ministry of National Development Planning/ National Development Planning Agency Indonesia s progress on SDGs planning
More informationWastewater treatment. Technical brief. Introduction. Collection and storage
Part of a series of WaterAid technology briefs. Available online at www.wateraid.org/ technology January 2013 Introduction is essential to prevent pathogens from entering the environment and causing disease.
More informationThe Economic Returns of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam
WATER AND SANITATION PROGRAM: RESEARCH BRIEF The Economic Returns of Sanitation Interventions in Vietnam August 2011 Key messages Improved sanitation is a socially profitable investment. Pit latrines in
More informationDesigning pit emptying technologies: combining lessons from the field with systems thinking
40th WEDC International Conference, Loughborough, UK, 2017 LOCAL ACTION WITH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO IMPROVE AND SUSTAIN WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE SERVICES Designing pit emptying technologies:
More informationDecentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Rural Areas in China Efforts of the Japan- China Water Environment Partnership Project
Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Rural Areas in China Efforts of the Japan- China Water Environment Partnership Project Motoyuki MIZUOCHI*, Hideaki KOYANAGI**, Tetsuo KUYAMA**, Hirokazu IWASAKI***
More informationSFD Promotion Initiative. SFD Manual
SFD Promotion Initiative SFD Manual Volume 1 and 2 Version 2.0 SFD Manual Volume 1 and 2 Version 2.0, July 2017 Copyright All SFD Promotion Initiative materials are freely available following the open-source
More informationAlmy Fithriana Malisie Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology
Sustainable Sanitation for Low- Income Densely Populated Urban Areas in Indonesia Almy Fithriana Malisie Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology
More informationAlternatives to Waterborne Sanitation a Comparative Study Limits and Potentials
Delft, The Netherlands, 19-21 November 2008 IRC SYMPOSIUM : SANITATION FOR THE URBAN POOR PARTNERSHIPS AND GOVERNANCE Alternatives to Waterborne Sanitation a Comparative Study Limits and Potentials Christoph
More informationDry Ecological Sanitation Alternative in. Tanzania
Dry Ecological Sanitation Alternative in Tanzania By: Alfred J. Shayo Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Organization (EEPCO) P.O. Box 7018 Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Tel: +255222866221 Fax: +255222866221
More informationFinancial Challenges to Making Faecal Sludge Management an Integrated Part of the Ecosan Approach: Case Study of Kumasi, Ghana
Water Practice & Technology Vol 1 No 2 IWA Publishing 2006 doi: 10.2166/WPT.2006045 http://www.iwaponline.com/wpt/001/wpt0010045.htm Financial Challenges to Making Faecal Sludge Management an Integrated
More informationJapan s Challenge HIDETO YOSHIDA DIRECTOR-GENERAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & RECYCLING MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, JAPAN
Japan s Challenge for the Environmental Sanitation HIDETO YOSHIDA DIRECTOR-GENERAL WASTE MANAGEMENT & RECYCLING DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, JAPAN International Status of Environmental lsanitation
More informationValue Chain of On-Site Sanitation Systems
Value Chain of On-Site Sanitation Systems 20X Flash Cards The (UMC) is a not-for-profit organization, that works towards professionalizing urban management in India and worldwide. UMC provides technical
More informationRecycling wastewater yields multiple benefits. World Congress & Expo on Recycling, July 20-22, Barcelona, Spain
Recycling wastewater yields multiple benefits World Congress & Expo on Recycling, July 20-22, Barcelona, Spain New approach, turning waste into wealth Worldwide, the new environmental paradigm is to eliminate
More informationWASH. Civil Society. Learning Fund WASH. In Challenging Urban Environments.
Civil Society Water, Sanitation And Hygiene Learning Fund Civil Society WASH Learning Fund WASH www.learningfund.org.au These documents were compiled by Naomi Carrard of the Institute for Sustainable Futures,
More information"Research Activities on Sustainable Sanitation in LIPI".
"Research Activities on Sustainable Sanitation in LIPI". Neni Sintawardani The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 1. Research Center for Physics 2. Bureau for Cooperation and Promotion of Science
More informationWhy faecal sludge management matters and what needs to be done to serve poor communities better
37th WEDC International Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014 SUSTAINABLE WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES FOR ALL IN A FAST CHANGING WORLD Why faecal sludge management matters and what needs to be done to serve
More informationCurrent Status of Myanmar on Sewage and Sanitation
Current Status of Myanmar on Sewage and Sanitation Prepared by Mr. Khant Zaw Director, Department of Development Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar Related Organizations to Sewage and Sanitation
More informationAppraisalofExistingSanitationTechnologyinNigeriaACriticalReview
Global Journal of HUMANSOCIAL SCIENCE: B Geography, GeoSciences, Environmental Disaster Management Volume 14 Issue 1 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
More informationSECTOR ASSESSMENT: WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES. 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and Opportunities
Dhaka Environmentally Sustainable Water Supply Project (RRP BAN 42173) SECTOR ASSESSMENT: WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES Sector Road Map 1. Sector Performance, Problems, and
More informationOVERVIEW SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
OTJI TOILET OVERVIEW A Otji toilet is a dry toilet system which collects humanure in a large perforated bucket in a chamber beneath the toilet. A specially designed urine diversion toilet is used to divert
More informationReinvent the Toilet Challenge Phase II. Data Acquisition and Field Support for Sanitation Projects. Sanitation Tour
Reinvent the Toilet Challenge Phase II Data Acquisition and Field Support for Sanitation Projects Sanitation Tour Pollution Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban and ethekwini Water and Sanitation,
More informationAttitudes and practises with regard to emptying of onsite systems in Maputo, Mozambique
38th WEDC International Conference, Loughborough University, UK, 2015 WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE SERVICES BEYOND 2015: IMPROVING ACCESS AND SUSTAINABILITY Attitudes and practises with regard to emptying
More informationSustainable urban sanitation and hygiene
Sustainable urban sanitation and hygiene Imagine if Improving access to sanitation In Indonesia s small cities progress in sanitation is limited. Fecal sludge management, where there is safe emptying and
More informationWater quality and food safety
Water quality and food safety Vittorio Fattori Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Water quality and food safety: a global public health priority
More informationInadequate Sanitation Costs India Rs. 2.4 Trillion (US$53.8 Billion)
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF INADEQUATE SANITATION IN INDIA Inadequate Sanitation Costs India
More informationCentralized vs. Decentralized Systems: Which is Which For You?
Centralized vs. Decentralized Systems: Which is Which For You? Dr. Markus Starkl University i of Natural lr Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Chair IWA Task Group on Centralized and Decentralized Wastewater
More informationEnvironmental health risk assessment to determine sanitation risk area in Jember district in supporting millennium development goals
ISSN: 2347-3215 Special Issue-1 (October-2014) pp. 51-57 www.ijcrar.com Environmental health risk assessment to determine sanitation risk area in Jember district in supporting millennium development goals
More informationDecentralized waste-toenergy project in Naga City
Decentralized waste-toenergy project in Naga City Integrated resource management using Nexus approach Regional Workshop on Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities 3-4 December 2013 Bangkok, Thailand
More informationRural Water Supply and Sanitation in Finland Waste Management, Legislation and Practices
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Finland Waste Management, Legislation and Practices Rural Water Supply Municipalities are not responsible of water supply outside population centres One household systems
More informationStatement of Capability
Statement of Capability 1 Introduction to WSUP Advisory Each week a million people move into unplanned, urban settlements with no basic services. This trend is set to continue. In response, WSUP Advisory
More informationA tale of clean cities: Insights for planning urban sanitation from Ghana, India and the Philippines
A tale of clean cities: Insights for planning urban sanitation from Ghana, India and the Philippines Annexes Annex 1: Summary of urban sanitation planning approaches Planning approach, Developer, Date
More informationMeasuring Disparities in Access to Sanitation in India: Findings from National Sample Survey. Aditya Bhol Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi
Measuring Disparities in Access to Sanitation in India: Findings from National Sample Survey Aditya Bhol Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi Key Discussion Points Latest urban sanitation statistics in
More informationInnovative Sanitation Concepts The German Experience
Innovative Sanitation Concepts The German Experience Moataz Shalabi & Ralf Otterpohl Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology Drawbacks of the current sanitation
More informationCurrent Status and Research Activities of Wastewater Technologies for Small Communities in JAPAN
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Current Status and Research Activities of Wastewater Technologies for Small Communities in JAPAN NAOYUKI FUNAMIZU
More informationSmall Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenerio)
Small Scale Wastewater Treatment in Ghana (a Scenerio) Maxwell Adu-Ahyiah and Romi Ernest Anku Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University P.O. Box 124, SE-221
More informationTHEME: EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA
Pivot Works: Providing Comprehensive Human Waste Management in Kigali from Pit Latrine Emptying to Cost- Effective Treatment & Reuse Laura Stupin - Engineer, Melissa Mahoro - PV Operations Manager UNESCO-Africa
More informationEcological Sanitation in Southern Africa Many approaches to a varied need
Ecological Sanitation in Southern Africa Many approaches to a varied need Peter Morgan Aquamor,, Harare Southern Africa is a huge territory with a diverse range of well established sanitary options available
More informationImproved Sanitation in South Asia
Improved Sanitation in South Asia Accelerating Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals Atsushi Kaneko Asian Development Bank 17 February 2012 Outline 1. Assessment of Status: Access to Improved
More informationSTEP-BY-STEP MONITORING METHODOLOGY FOR
STEP-BY-STEP MONITORING METHODOLOGY FOR INDICATOR 6.3.1 PROPORTION OF WASTEWATER SAFELY TREATED 1. MONITORING CONTEXT 1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE INDICATOR Target 6.3 Indicator 6.3.1 By 2030, improve water
More informationCommunity Population Density Variation Implications on Sanitation System Cost The Case of Kotoko Community in Suame (Kumasi), Ghana
Community Population Density Variation Implications on Sanitation System Cost The Case of Kotoko Community in Suame (Kumasi), Ghana Kabange, R. S. 1* Graham, J. 2 1.Civil Engineering Department, Faculty
More informationGTZ Supported Ecosan Projects in India
8 / 1 GTZ Supported Ecosan Projects in India C. Werner, M. Wafler, J. Heeb, H. Bartels, D. Panse ecosan programme, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn,
More informationGLOBAL SANITATION SOLUTIONS Investing In A Better Future
GLOBAL SANITATION SOLUTIONS Investing In A Better Future 2.4 BILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO PROPER SANITATION 800 CHILDREN UNDER 5 DIE EVERY DAY FROM DIARRHEAL DISEASES ECONOMIC LOSSES ESTIMATED AT US$223
More informationThe future in sanitation is off the grid
The future in sanitation is off the grid Dr Björn Vinnerås Assoc Prof Environmental Engineering Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Situation today 160L per person & day Personal hygiene 60L Laundry
More informationPrejudices and attitudes toward reuse of nutrients from urine diversion toilets in South Africa
refereed paper 33rd WEDC International Conference, Accra, Ghana, 2008 ACCESS TO SANITATION AND SAFE WATER: GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS AND LOCAL ACTIONS Prejudices and attitudes toward reuse of nutrients from
More informationSanitation & Hygiene: Module on Childhood Diarrhea. The global picture. Designing an intervention in rural Zimbabwe.
1 Module on Childhood Diarrhea Part 4 Sanitation and Hygiene ---------------------------------------------------- Mduduzi Mbuya, PhD ZVITAMBO Study Group April 20, 2010 Sanitation & Hygiene: Designing
More informationBereich für Bild OVERVIEW WATER SECTOR GHANA
Bereich für Bild OVERVIEW WATER SECTOR GHANA AGENDA Country and water sector overview Water availability, coverage and groundwater Waste water and irrigation Management of the sector 2 Country and water
More information40 The Double Pit Latrine
40 - Recycling - The Double Pit Latrine 105 40 The Double Pit Latrine A double pit latrine is a sanitation system specifically constructed to produce valuable fertilizer for gardens. It consists of two
More informationA Review of Onsite Wastewater Treatment System Installations and Failures in WA from
A Review of Onsite Wastewater Treatment System Installations and Failures in WA from 1997-2011 Water Unit Department of Health maria.gunady@health.wa.gov.au Publications 2015 A review of Onsite Wastewater
More informationCURRENT STATUS OF WATER-RELATED SANITATION CONDITIONS IN HUE CITY, VIETNAM
CURRENT STATUS OF WATER-RELATED SANITATION CONDITIONS IN HUE CITY, VIETNAM Pham Khac Lieu, D.Eng. Department of Environmental Science College of Sciences, Hue University, Vietnam Contents 1. Hue city at
More informationWATER SANITATION, HEALTH AND HYGIENE PROGRAM LOCATION: IBADAN, S.W NIGERIA
WATER SANITATION, HEALTH AND HYGIENE PROGRAM LOCATION: IBADAN, S.W NIGERIA Abstract :Current outbreaks of cholera and other water related diseases in some parts of Nigeria has again bring to the forefront
More informationFAQ: faecal sludge quantification and characterization field trial of methodology in Hanoi, Vietnam
37th WEDC International Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014 SUSTAINABLE WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES FOR ALL IN A FAST CHANGING WORLD FAQ: faecal sludge quantification and characterization field trial of
More informationDOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN INDONESIA
DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ACCESS IN INDONESIA SRI DARWATI Research Institute for Human Settlement Ministry of Public Works and Housing Source of presentation : Directorate
More informationGovernance of Decentralized Sanitation Introduction to Governance of Decentralized Sanitation
Governance of Decentralized Sanitation Introduction to Governance of Decentralized Sanitation Name of the Lecturer: Maria Rusca Organization: UNESCO-IHE Country: Netherlands Learning Objectives At the
More informationDesign and Construction of A Low Cost Pit Latrine Emptier
Design and Construction of A Low Cost Pit Latrine Emptier Medard Owoyesiga Department of mechanical engineering, Makerere University Abstract Globally, an estimated 1.77 billion people have access to pit
More informationCity Sanitation Planning 1
City Sanitation Planning 1 2 City Sanitation Planning PART 2 5 step planning guide Which solutions go where? We welcome any feedback or constructive comments Case Study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania For residential
More informationDry Sanitation, Urine Management, Containment Methods and Reuse Potential in Agriculture
Dry Sanitation, Urine Management, Containment Methods and Reuse Potential in Agriculture Arno Rosemarin Stockholm Environment Institute International Symposium Coupling Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater
More informationUrine diversion dehydration toilets in rural schools Yemen - Draft
biowaste faeces/manure urine greywater rainwater UDD Urine toilet diversion (for dehydration example) Urine diversion dehydration Greywater Rainwater harvesting treatment Soak pit infiltration Soak pit
More informationUrban Sanitation Research Programme Consolidated findings
Urban Sanitation Research Programme Consolidated findings Louise Medland, Andrew Cotton and Rebecca Scott February 2015 Acknowledgements This report and the briefing note series has been produced and published
More informationVolume 4 of the World Health Organization s (WHO) Guidelines for the safe use
5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF VOLUME 4 Volume 4 of the World Health Organization s (WHO) Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater describes the present state of knowledge regarding the
More informationASSESSING ACCESS TO URBAN WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN MAIDUGURI Abdullahi Babagana, Fandi Shettima Ali
GSJ: VOLUME 5, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2017 33 GSJ: Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2017, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 ASSESSING ACCESS TO URBAN WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN MAIDUGURI Abdullahi Babagana, Fandi
More informationStudy for Financial and Economic Analysis of Ecological Sanitation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 52235 Study for Financial and Economic Study for Financial and Economic i Table of contents
More informationWATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECTS MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION (WEPMO)
WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECTS MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION (WEPMO) REPORT ON ECOLOGICAL SANITATION LATRINE INITIATIVE PROMOTION IN DAR ES SALAAM CITY. PREPARED BY WEPMO P.O BOX 38340 DAR ES SALAAM
More informationA social business model for the provision of household ecological sanitation services in urban Haiti
Hare 39 th WEDC International Conference, Kumasi, Ghana, 2016 ENSURING AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL A social business model for the provision of household ecological
More informationThe Costs and Benefits of Sanitation (and Water) Services
The Costs and Benefits of Sanitation (and Water) Services Economics of Sanitation Initiative in SE Asia Guy Hutton 1 March 1, OECD Headquarters Paris Improving evidence to help sanitation and water decision
More informationCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SERVICES
World Water Day April-2011 73 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWERAGE SERVICES By Dr. Javed Iqbal and Abdul Qadeer Khan Abstract Access to safe drinking
More informationOverview of anaerobic treatment options for sustainable sanitation systems Dr. Elisabeth v. Münch (leader of GTZ ecosan program)
Overview of anaerobic treatment options for sustainable sanitation systems Dr. Elisabeth v. Münch (leader of GTZ ecosan program) BGR Symposium Coupling Sustainable Sanitation and Groundwater Protection
More informationDesigning Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach
15 Designing Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach Ashley Murray and Chris Buckley In any field of human endeavour, policy-makers and practitioners are accustomed
More informationHow to Care for Your Septic System
How to Care for Your Septic System Did you know as a homeowner it is your responsibility to maintain your septic system? Did you know maintaining your septic system is protecting your investment? Did you
More informationASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN KIGALI CITY, RWANDA
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN KIGALI CITY, RWANDA 1 Umuhoza Mbateye F.A., 1 Nhapi I. and 2 Banadda N. 1 WREM Project, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, P.O.
More informationINNOVATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR EASTERN COASTAL AREA
INNOVATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR EASTERN COASTAL AREA Dr.-Ing. Marius Mohr Regional Workshop on Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities: The Urban Nexus Da Nang, Vietnam, 25 June 2014
More information(c) Tertiary Further treatment may be used to remove more organic matter and/or disinfect the water.
ENERGY FROM SEWAGE Introduction - Sewage treatment, that is, the physical, chemical and biological processes used to clean industrial and domestic wastewater, has improved significantly over the past 20
More informationToilet for All is Not the End of the Problem: Countries in South Asia Need to Think Beyond Toilet Construction
Toilet for All is Not the End of the Problem: Countries in South Asia Need to Think Beyond Toilet Construction Md Khairul Islam and Aftab Opel** INTRODUCTION Despite enormous health and economic benefits
More informationPART 3. Catalogue of environmental sanitation solutions For urban areas
PART 3 Catalogue of environmental sanitation solutions For urban areas Case Study: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Solutions for residential & commercial areas City Sanitation Planning 1 2 City Sanitation Planning
More informationSUSTAINABILITY STUDY OF DEWATS SYSTEMS AT PERI URBAN AREAS IN BANGALORE
SUSTAINABILITY STUDY OF DEWATS SYSTEMS AT PERI URBAN AREAS IN BANGALORE Shivendra. B. T 1, Ramaraju. H. K 2 1 Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Bangalore-560078, India
More informationEffects of high-strength faecal sludge in wastewater stabilization ponds: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
39 th WEDC International Conference, Kumasi, Ghana, 2016 ENSURING AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL Effects of high-strength faecal sludge in wastewater stabilization
More informationDemand-led approaches to Sanitation
Demand-led approaches to Sanitation What is the greatest medical milestone of the last 150 years? Sanitation Poll carried out for the British Medical Journal, 2007 That s 2076 where I live! MDG 7, Target
More informationProductive Sanitation in Burkina Faso and Niger going beyond projects?
Productive Sanitation in Burkina Faso and Niger going beyond projects? World Dry Toilet Conference Tampere, Finland 2015-08-21 Linus Dagerskog Stockhom Environment Institute Karim Savadogo CEFAME Kailou
More informationFrom pit latrine to nutrient conservation Design and construction of an optimised public dehydration toilet in Ghana
From pit latrine to nutrient conservation Design and construction of an optimised public dehydration toilet in Ghana Wolfgang Berger, Berger Biotechnik GmbH, Hamburg Sub-project of the research project
More informationTons of excreta and ways to treat them
23rd WEDC Conference Durban, South Africa, 1997 WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL: PARTNERSHIPS AND INNOVATIONS Tons of excreta and ways to treat them U. Heinss and M. Strauss, Switzerland, S.A. Larmie, Ghana
More informationModule 24 : Onsite Sanitation. Lecture 41 : Onsite Sanitation
1 Page Module 24 : Onsite Sanitation Lecture 41 : Onsite Sanitation 2 Page 24.3 Pit Privy Pit privies still exist in large number in rural areas particularly in developing countries and underdeveloped
More informationStudy Session 6 Land Use and Urban Planning
Study Session 6 Land Use and Urban Planning Copyright 2016 The Open University Contents Introduction 3 Learning Outcomes for Study Session 6 3 6.1 Change of land use 3 6.1.1 Decrease in natural and agricultural
More informationTOILET FACILITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS
REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY TOILET FACILITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS 1990 INDEX PART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Authority 2. Purpose 3. Effective date 4.
More informationHuman Development Report 2006
Human Development Report 2006 Human Development Report Office OCCASIONAL PAPER Overview of the Global Sanitation Problem David Satterthwaite and Gordon McGranahan 2006/12 CONTENTS 1. Introduction... 3
More informationActivities of the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate and effects of Climate Change
REPUBLIC OF GHANA Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development Activities of the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate and effects of Climate Change Mole XXI Conference Errata Hotel 20-23
More informationAUGUST 14-15, 2012 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation REINVENT THE TOILET
AUGUST 14-15, 2012 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation REINVENT THE TOILET The Reinvent the Toilet Fair showcases innovations from around the world that are creating a new vision for the next generation of
More informationFecal Sludge Management Services Diagnostic and Decision-Support Tools: An Overview
WATER AND SANITATION PROGRAM: WORKING PAPER Targeting the Urban Poor and Improving Services in Small Towns Fecal Sludge Management Services Diagnostic and Decision-Support Tools: An Overview Isabel Blackett
More informationPreparing WASH Post 2015 and wealth quintile analysis Didier Allely Cristina Bianchessi
Preparing WASH Post 2015 and wealth quintile analysis Didier Allely Cristina Bianchessi WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Global monitoring and the Joint Monitoring Programme The WHO / UNICEF Joint
More informationJapanese urbanization and domestic wastewater management
Japanese urbanization and domestic wastewater management December 15 th, 2010 WEPA Dialogue in Nepal Takatoshi Wako Deputy Director, Water Environment Division Environment Management Bureau,, Japan Night
More informationThe Regulatory Framework
The Regulatory Framework Water reuse project objectives How Do MN Agencies Currently Manage Water Reuse? Agency Roles Regulation by Source What Have We Heard? Agency roles and responsibilities Department
More informationLiving With a Septic System A homeowner s guide to basic septic system operation and maintenance
Living With a Septic System A homeowner s guide to basic septic system operation and maintenance The Marion County Health Department and the Soil & Water Conservation District - dedicated to public health
More information