Global Atmosphere Watch Activities in Thailand for

Transcription

1 Global Atmosphere Watch Activities in Thailand for WMO GURME Regional Training Workshop on Urban Air Quality Modeling for ASEAN countries Petaling Jaya, Selangor 6-11 April, 2015 Nichanun Trachow Ozone and Radiation Centre Meteorological Observation Bureau Thai Meteorological Department

2 Background Thailand is located in tropics where typical climate significantly governed by strong solar radiation and humidity. Population growth and industrial economics are rapidly driving urbanization and pollution. While hi-impact weather conditions are likely to occur more frequently in the area of atmospheric changing. Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) has responding to number of stressors by these actions.

3 TMD Monitoring Activities Atmospheric ozone (2 sites for Total O3, ozone profiles, total SO2/ NO2, AOD, spectral UV) Solar radiation (5 sites for global radiation, 1 site for diffuse, direct radiation) Physical properties of aerosols (1 site) UV index forecast (Thailand) Collaborate with Pollution Control Department on air quality (surface O3, CO, SO2, NO2, PM10) and wet acid deposition monitoring (Na + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ NH 4+ SO 4 2- NO 3 - Cl - ph, EC)

4 We all have a mission to protect the ozone layer?

5 Total Ozone Dobson spectrophotometer Dobson spectrophotometer No. 90 has been used to measure total column ozone and profiles of ozone in the atmosphere in Bangkok since

6 Seasonal Variation of Total Ozone Bangkok,

7 Ozone Profile (Dobson/BKK)

8 Ozone/UV/SO2/NO2/AOD Brewer spectrophotometer O3, UV, SO2, NO2, AOD Brewer spectrophotometer No. 120/121 are used for measurement of total Ozone, SO 2, NO2, UV spectra and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at Songkhla and Bangkok since 1997.

9 Ozone profiles (Brewer)

10 Erythemal UV (Brewer) How strong the UV Index this noon? 12 (extreme)!

11 UV Irradiance (Brewer)

12 UVA radiation UVA radiometer UV-A radiometer is a broadband UV sensor used to measure the ultraviolet radiation in the range between 315 to 400 nm, installed by TMD s solar network in Bangkok since UV-A daily radiation reaching the ground accounts for only approximately 5% of the total global radiation. The important point of this instrument is to remove the radiation from other wavelength regions of solar radiation so that only UV-A radiation is detected.

13 UVB radiation UV-B radiometer is a broadband UV sensor used to measure the ultraviolet in the range between 280 to 315 nm, installed by TMD s solar network in Bangkok since UV-B daily radiation reaching the ground accounts for only approximately 0.15% of the total global radiation. The important point of UV-B radiometers is to remove the radiation from other wavelength regions of solar radiation so that only UV-B radiation is detected.

14 Aerosols: Sky Radiometer A sky radiometer (POM-01L) has been used to measure aerosol properties (such as aerosol optical thickness, single scattering albedo, complex refractive index and volume size distribution) in Bangkok since The sky radiometer comprises with seven wavelengths: 315, 400, 500, 675, 870, 940 and 1020 nm. Sky radiometer POM01

15 Aerosol Optical Thickness

16 Solar Network Increasing number of data users and interests on solar energy. TMD s solar network carries out monitoring under GAW programme and contribute radiation data to WMO/World Radiation Data Centre. The network is operating in five regions of the country which report data in a website. Data and information support utilization of renewable energy. Solar energy or solar farms projects rising by governmental promotion. Several studies created climatologically solar radiation maps for Thailand.

17 TMD Solar network (2009) Sites: Chiang Mai Ubon Ratchathani Bangkok Hua Hin Songkhla near-real time data reporting via internet

18 Solar network: instrumentation Global and diffuse radiation are measured with pyranometers by TMD s solar network in 5 sites ( Bangkok, Chiangmai, Ubon Ratchathani, Hua Hin and Songkhla) since Some graphic results are reported in a website:

19 Pyrheliometer Direct Radiation: A pyrheliometer has been used to measure direct radiation, installed By a TMD s solar network in Bangkok since Pyrheliometer mounted on sun-tracking device is designed to measure the direct solar irradiance with the detector, which surface is set perpendicular to the sun.

20 Hourly Average of Global, Diffuse and Direct Radiation (Bangkok)

21 Seasonal Variation of Daily Global-Diffuse-Direct Radiation

22 UV index Forecast UV Index maps are provided as for daily/monthly basis in order to inform the public about the possible level of daily maximum and how to protect their skin burning or other health risks from harmful UV radiation when exposure to the sunshine. The level of UV index found between 6-14 around a year. This mean to category High Extreme level in these areas.

23 Summary Thai Meteorological Department conducts monitoring activities on weather, climate and GAW programme. Pollution Control Department contributes air quality monitoring, modeling, warning to public and control the air pollution. TMD provides support weather data for air quality modeling handled by PCD.

24 Thank you for your attention J ( Bangkok sky up here! )