Updates from WMO GAW Programme

Transcription

1 WMO Updates from WMO GAW Programme Oksana Tarasova WMO, Research Department WMO: Research Department

2 What is the GAW Programme? Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme is a research programme based on a partnership involving contributors from 100 countries GAW includes observational network, quality assurance system, capacity development and expert groups to support diverse application areas through measurement and analysis activities GAW observations contribute to WIGOS GAW focuses on atmospheric chemical composition and related physical parameters and can be/are used to support climate studies, air quality reanalysis and forecasting, assimilation in NWP, ecosystem services, aeronautical services, food security and many others

3 Recent events of importance for GAW EPAC SSC met in February 2015 Cg-17 adopted two resolutions in GAW document (on an Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System and the general resolution for the programme) The GAW Implementation Plan for the period is currently under development with the assistance of Deutscher Wetterdienst

4 WMO strategic priorities ( ) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Disaster risk reduction Global Framework for Climate Services WMO Integrated Global Observing system Aviation meteorological services Polar and high mountain regions Capacity Development WMO Governance GAW document at Cg-17 shows that atmospheric composition matters to many areas of NMHSs activities But in WMO SP (15 pages) composition of our atmosphere is mentioned in the Context (1 st page) and in the last paragraph of the document (Annex II) Members are monitoring environment

5 GAW Implementation Plan ( ) The plan concerns only implementation of the GAW Programme, WMO Strategic Plan is taken as an overall strategy (though not completely relevant to atmospheric composition) Short (focuses on the major principles) Follows the concept research enabling services the activities are around application areas rather than focused on GAW parameter specific areas More focus on modelling tools and value added products Provides clear framework for the programme implementation concerning network design, modelling tools, quality assurance principles, data management, collaboration with the other programmes IP builds upon the premise that atmospheric composition matters - to climate, weather forecasting, human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, agricultural productivity, aeronautical operations, renewable energy production, and more.

6 Evolution of the GAW observational network Using the Rolling Review of Requirements (RRR) Process according to WIGOS Manual: (i) a review of technology-free requirements for observations, within an area of application covered by WMO programmes and cosponsored programmes; (ii) a review of the observing capabilities of existing and planned observing systems, both surface- and space-based; (iii) a Critical Review of the extent to which the capabilities (ii) meet the requirements (i); and (iv) a Statement of Guidance based on (iii). Network development should be performed in a systematic way to address specific applications

7 Application areas within GAW A Task Team on user requirements for atmospheric composition and related needs for satellite measurements was formed to assist the RRR process The broad atmospheric chemistry application area was substituted with more specific application areas: atmospheric composition forecasting, atmospheric composition analysis and monitoring urban services. Task Team develops an approach to assess user requirements. The report of the first meeting is published (GAW Report No. 221). Second meeting of TT took place on August 2015.

8 How to support user community It is difficult to perform high quality observations without delivery of the user relevant products Better user orientation of GAW requires: assessment of user community adjustment of the concept and perception of GAW as a programme improved collaboration and coordination (cross-cutting approach) in Secretariat and in Member countries adjustment of the GAW structure development of appropriate data management

9 SSC decisions approved by Cg-17 The scope of the Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) Precipitation Chemistry was extended to cover total deposition (now SAG on Total Atmospheric Deposition) Expert Team on NRT-Chemical Data Transfer was developed into SAG on NRT applications (initial focus of the group should be on Biomass Burning, Sand and Dust Storms, Volcanic ash plume forecasting, global and regional scale modeling) development of the portfolio of GAW products relevant to user community

10 Workshop on the GAW Data Management August 2015 Invited organizations: 6 GAW data centers, GAWSIS, WMO Information System, BADC, CDIAC, regional GAW representatives, US EPA, HTAP, Aeronet, NDACC, EMEP, EANET, MACC, GEIA, Aerocom, Debits, IAGOS, Global Carbon Project GAW Data strategy: - GAW global and regional data stations subscribe to the GAW QA/QC system and submit their observations to the existing GAW WDCs. - GAW contributing stations are members of GAW contributing networks. They are free and invited to submit their data to GAW WDCs, and will in all likelihood be required to submit data to the dedicated data centre of that program. - All these data centres will form the federation of GAW data, and will collaborate with GAWSIS to establish machine-to-machine interfaces for synchronizing at least mandatory WIGOS metadata with GAWSIS (an obligation under the WIGOS framework, as GAWSIS is the source of metadata of chemical composition observations for OSCAR). GAWSIS will hence aspire to serve as a global metadata portal for observations supporting the objectives of GAW (i.e., GAW data.). This also includes observations provided by sources outside the federation (e.g., health-related observations.) Mechanisms to deliver user relevant products within GAW?

11 Example of the applications in GAW Support of climate negotiations: IG 3 IS Ecosystem services: analysis of total deposition, nitrogen cycle, deposition to the oceans/marine geoengineering Health: sand and dust storms, urban air quality (GURME), biomass burning Food security: atmospheric composition and agriculture Transport security: volcanic ash forecasting

12 GAW in support of climate GAW coordinates high-quality global GHG observations and published GHG Bulletin BUT In GHG Bulletin climate effect (AGGI) is based on NOAA data only Carbon Tracker, Global view and similar products are not related to GAW Carbon budgets on global scale are delivered by research projects Climate effects must include aerosols and RG as well!

13 Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas information System IG3IS Purpose: to provide information on GHG fluxes with attribution on a policy relevant scale. Implementation needs improved spatial and temporal resolution of GHG observation, increase complexity of the network, involvement of atmospheric, biospheric and ocean communities and improvement of modelling tools. Implementation Plan drafting team is being established now. The team met on September 2015 in La Jolla Potential contribution from WWRP community on model developments (including data assimilation, verification methods and inverse techniques)

14 An Integrated, Global, Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG 3 IS) Over the next few years, governments will likely become more involved in efforts to limit atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Changes in emissions will vary by location and type Strategies will vary by nation, region, and economic sector Many nations are already pursuing such activities and some are coordinating efforts. Any large-scale emission reduction effort requires independent information to succeed. A suitable information system would include ground-based and space-based observations, improvements in transport and carbon-cycle modeling, fossil fuel-use, terrestrial trends, and oceanic processes, information about sources and sinks of greenhouse gases at sub-continental, policy-relevant scales.

15 Low Hanging Fruit 3-5 yr Horizon? The WMO IG3IS Planning Team came up with the following: 14 CO 2 and Attribution Methane Emissions Megacities CFC-Replacements N 2 O IG3IS should start through pilot projects

16 Ecosystem services SAG TAD will work with user community to identify required deposition products. SAG TAD discussed new ideas od model/data fusion at the last meeting. Initial steps were made for establish collaboration with the International Nitrogen Management System (INMS). The plan is to combine the workshop on the NOx measurements to be organized in York in April 2016 year with the nitrogen cycle workshop involving GAW SAGs WMO is a co-sponsoring body of the Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) Working Group 38. The 42nd Session of GESAMP was held from 31 August to 3 September WG38 proposed two new projects related to ocean acidification and nutrient solubility.

17 Human health/urban scale WMO is a partner in the Climate and Clean Air coalition (with deep involvement in Urban Health Initiative, impact assessment group and strategic planning group). WMO hosted CCAC Working group meeting on 19 May and science-policy dialog on May. Reducing Global Health Risks Through Mitigation of Short- Lived Climate Pollutants: Scoping report for policymakers, WMO and CCAC with contribution from WMO (22 October 2015) In collaboration with WWRP, we are working on GURME pilot projects to include health risk (like in Shanghai Multi-Hazard Early Warning System). Similar approach is used in the other GURME pilot projects (SAFAR in India, Beijing pilot project)

18 Human health/regional scale WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS) is a joint activity of WWRP and GAW. Two nodes with multi-model forecasting are established now. Pan- American node is under development. Nodes deliver health relevant forecast, namely PM (note, that PM2.5 and PM10 observations are not coordinated by GAW) Huge interest from UNEP (related to the preparation of the Rapid Global Assessment of Sand And Dust Storms), WHO, UNCCD Similar forecasting services have to be built for Biomass Burning forecasting jointly with an Interdisciplinary Biomass Burning Initiative and WWRP Sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting project. WMO plans Biomass Burning workshop in Indonesia in August 2016 back-to-back to inauguration of new GAW station.

19 Food security An International Workshop on Atmospheric Chemistry and Agricultural Meteorology took on 2-4 November 2015 in Pune, India. Jointly organized by Commission on Agricultural Meteorology and CAS. In the final workshop session, a set of future steps and recommendations were approved. These included the following: The two scientific disciplines expressed a strong interest for extended collaboration. Specifically, they agreed to publish a WMO brochure on agriculture, air pollution and climate to promote these issues to a wider audience. They also agreed to explore opportunities to develop pilot studies which would make use of existing observation and forecasting systems to develop application for the agricultural users. A clear need was identified to enhance the observation system especially for trace gases and aerosols in agricultural sensitive areas. Metrics for crop damage assessments are provided by research projects and/or effects community

20 100 participants from all continents 46 oral talks, 36 posters, All presentations are available on: 7 topics brain storm teams to conclude WMO Report to be published ACP & GMD Journal CCMM Special Issue Outcomes provided for 17 th WMO Congress CCMM Applications Areas Air pollution modeling from urban to continental scale air quality forecasts (few days) or assessment of past/current/future AQ sensitivity studies: emission reduction scenarios modeling of hazardous plumes aerosol studies: natural (dust, sea salt), BB, SOA, SIA, EC/OC Numerical weather prediction potentially improved weather forecast by considering aerosol feedbacks natural aerosols: dust, sea salt biomass burning impacts anthropogenic aerosols, e.g. China, India; what about Europe? Regional climate modeling potentially improved regional climate simulations by considering aerosol feedbacks additional interactions with land surface and ocean/sea from seasonal climate to multi year climate simulations

21 Expected Topics of Collaboration with WWRP Aerosol and Meteorology Interaction (WGNE - Aerosol SAG) Data Assimilation of aerosols and composition (DAOS - New NRT Modelling SAG, SDS-WAS) Coupled Chemistry-Meteorology Modelling (WGNE- New NRT Modelling SAG) Urban Meteorology Research and Forecasting (HIW GURME) Data Assimilation and model verification for urban scale (DAOS GURME) Polar Research and YOPP observations (PPP GAW SAGs and partners: PEEX, PACES, AMAP SLCF EG) 21

22 Thank you for your attention!