Renewable Energy in The Netherlands August 2017

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy in The Netherlands August 2017

2 Dr. Martien Visser Professor Energy Transition & Network Integration Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Partner of the Energy Academy Europe This analyses contains information of various sources and own analyses, including various estimates. Readers are encouraged to add, to improve the quality of the information provided. Aug-17 Page 2

3 The Entrance database on Renewable Energy is regularly improved by the creation and/or refinement of (sub)models Recent improvements In July 2017 the offshore wind submodel was improved slightly, using daily production data from off shore wind parks of Eneco and Gemini In August 2017, the traded cross border power flows were replaced by the physical cross border power flows. Aug-17 Page 3

4 Fraction Renewable Energy until Q The actual fraction renewable energy has been calculated using official EU regulations. In August 2017, the Netherlands produced 6.9% of its final energy consumption in the form of renewables. Please note that in international statistics, the amount of wind energy is based on the average wind availability during a consecutive number of years, and not on the actual availability of wind. Aug-17 Page 4

5 August 2017 In a Nutshell In August 2017 the fraction renewable energy was 6.9%, down from 7.1% in August 2016 Solar PV generation was 0.26 TWh, a new record and 28% higher than in August 2016 Wind electricity generation was 0.63 TWh, 3% higher than in August 2016 Gross final energy demand was 36 TWh, 1 TWh higher than last year CO2 emissions from energy usage were 12.2 Mton, equal to August 2016 The percentage renewable power was 13%, equal to last year Aug-17 Page 5

6 Content August 2017 data Monthly profiles Monthly data Energy demand in a nutshell Hourly data Miscellaneous Aug-17 Page 6

7 SELECTED ENERGY DATA FROM AUGUST 2017 Aug-17 Page 7

8 Renewable Energy August 2017 Renewable Energy is produced in various forms. The most important contributors are biomass (biogas, waste, wood and bio-oil) and wind energy. In August 2017, calculated according to the official rules, 6.9% of the gross final energy in the Netherlands was renewable energy. Aug-17 Page 8

9 Final Energy Demand August 2017 Energy is used for many different purposes. The most important energy applications in August have been industrial gas and oil for various forms of transport. Aug-17 Page 9

10 CO2 Emissions August 2017 In August 2017, the national energy-related CO2 emissions, calculated using the official methods, are estimated at 12.2 Mton, equal to August Non-energy human made CO2-eq. emissions are estimated at 2.3 Mton. Aug-17 Page 10

11 Power Generation Capacity August 2017 On June 30 th, a 2x535 coal-fired power plant was taken off grid. The capacity in this figure is the so-called name-plate capacity. In practice, not all capacity is available for the market due to planned and unplanned maintenance and mothballing. Aug-17 Page 11

12 Power Supplies August 2017 In August 2017, power consumption, including transmission losses, has been estimated at 9.5 TWh, an increase by 1% compared to last year. Aug-17 Page 12

13 CO2 from Dutch Power Generation August 2017 The daily CO2 emission per kwh produced varies due to variations in the power mix. In august 2017, the average CO2 emission from power generation, including renewables, are estimated at 436 g/kwh. Aug-17 Page 13

14 SELECTED MONTHLY PROFILES (using daily data) Aug-17 Page 14

15 Daily Renewable Energy August 2017 The daily contributions of renewable energy, according to the classification by CBS. In August the average daily gross final energy demand was 1170 GWh per day. One GWh is one million kwh. An average production of 1 GWh/day requires 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each. Aug-17 Page 15

16 Energy Demand August 2017 Daily energy consumption shows a typical weekday-weekend pattern. Gas demand is (partly) dependent on ambient temperature. Aug-17 Page 16

17 Conventional Power Generation August 2017 Conventional power generation was affected by high wind and solar production and the varying balance between (high) power imports and exports. Aug-17 Page 17

18 Daily Wind and Solar Power Production August 2017 August 2017 was characterized by a lot sun and low wind. The average utilization rate of the wind turbines was just 19%. For solar-pv the average utilization rate was 14%. 1 GWh is sufficient to provide power for a year for 300 households. Aug-17 Page 18

19 Contribution of Renewable Energy August 2017 In August, the percentage of renewable power varied between 8% and 27%, with an average of 13%. The average percentage of renewable energy was 6.9%. These percentages have been calculated using the official EU methods. Aug-17 Page 19

20 SELECTED MONTHLY ENERGY DATA Aug-17 Page 20

21 Gross Final Energy Consumption 2017 (and 2016) The gross final consumption of energy is a quantity used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy. This quantity excludes the energy used in the energy sector (mainly due to the production of electricity), for international shipping and for feedstock and the energy used for international aviation above 6.18% of the total Aug-17 Page 21

22 Gas Demand (excluding gas-to-power) 2017 (and 2016) Gas consumption in August, excluding gas-to-power, was slightly higher than last year, due to higher gas usage by industry Aug-17 Page 22

23 Gas Production 2017 (and 2016) In August, Dutch natural gas production was significantly lower than last year. Aug-17 Page 23

24 Power Demand 2017 (and 2016) In August, Dutch power demand, including transmission losses, was 1% higher than last year. Aug-17 Page 24

25 Wind Production 2017 (and 2016) Wind production in August 2017 has been estimated at 0.63 TWh, 3% higher than in August last year. The average utilization of wind capacity, combined onshore and offshore, was just 19%. Aug-17 Page 25

26 Solar PV Production 2017 (and 2016) In August 2017, Solar PV reached 0.26TWh. This is 28% higher than last year. The increase in solar-pv capacity was due to more capacity and more sunshine. In August, the average utilization rate of solar-pv capacity was 14%. Aug-17 Page 26

27 Coal-to-Power 2017 (and 2016) In August 2017, coal-fired power generation has been estimated to be lower than in August 2016, primarily due to the closure of two coal-fired power stations. Aug-17 Page 27

28 Gas to Power 2017 (and 2016) For August 2017, gas-fired power has been estimated to be slightly higher than last year. This is due to the closure of two coal-fired power stations. Aug-17 Page 28

29 LNG imports 2017 (and 2016) This figure depicts the amount of LNG injected into the gas grid. The figure excludes the usage of LNG as transport fuel. Since April, LNG supplies to the Netherlands have considerably increased; however, LNG supplies were very low in August 1 TWh is equal to about 100 million m3 gas December--15 Page 29

30 Renewable Energy All Sources 2017 (and 2016) This assessment is based on various assumptions. In 2017, due to considerable more wind and also more solar generation, renewable energy production is structurally higher than last year Aug-17 Page 30

31 Renewable Energy Percentage 2017 (and 2016) In August, the actual percentage of renewable energy was 6.9%, this is 0.2% lower than last year. The decrease is primarily caused by higher energy demand from industry. (be aware that in international statistics, wind energy production is corrected to average wind speed) Aug-17 Page 31

32 CO2 Emissions 2017 (and 2016) CO2 emissions in August 2017 were slightly higher than in August 2016, due to a higher national energy demand Aug-17 Page 32

33 ENERGY DEMAND IN A NUTSHELL Aug-17 Page 33

34 National Energy Demand August 2017 Dutch government has allocated Energy Demand in four categories. These categories (and this figure) do not take into account energy demand for international shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 GWh is about equal to the average daily energy production of 40 wind turbines of 3 MW each) Aug-17 Page 34

35 National Energy Demand Low Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for Low Temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses, varies with ambient temperature. Aug-17 Page 35

36 National Energy Demand High Temperature Heat The primary energy requirement for High Temperature Heat (mainly industry) varies with the economic activities in the Netherlands. Higher demand in industry indicates economic growth. Aug-17 Page 36

37 National Energy Demand Transportation The primary energy requirement for Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation) varies with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel purchases abroad, e.g. because of lower taxes, are not included in this figure Aug-17 Page 37

38 National Energy Demand by Power Sector The primary energy requirement for the power sector varies, with the import/export balance and with the production of renewable power. This figure excludes the primary energy demand associated with power imports Aug-17 Page 38

39 National CO2 Emissions August 2017 This figure shows the daily CO2 emissions of each of the four demand sectors. This figure does not take into account the energy demand for shipping, aviation and feedstock. (1 kton CO2 is equal to the average daily CO2 emission of households, each using 1500 m3 gas and 3500 kwh electricity annually Aug-17 Page 39

40 National CO2 emissions Low Temperature Heat The CO2 emissions from low temperature heat, mainly buildings and green houses, vary with ambient air temperature. August was a warm month and hence, energy demand from buildings was very low. This figure excludes the CO2 emissions due to the production of electricity used for low temperature heating Aug-17 Page 40

41 National CO2 emissions High Temperature Heat CO2 emissions from high temperature heat, mainly industry, vary mainly with the economic activity in the Netherlands Aug-17 Page 41

42 National CO2 emissions Transportation CO2 emissions from Transportation (excluding international shipping and aviation, which are not accounted for in the national CO2 emissions) vary with the economic activity in the Netherlands. Fuel bought abroad, e.g. because of lower prices, is not included in this figure as well Aug-17 Page 42

43 National CO2 emissions by Power Sector CO2 emissions from the power sector vary with the amount of coal used for power generation, the amount of renewable power produced, and the level of power imports Aug-17 Page 43

44 SELECTED HOURLY ENERGY DATA Aug-17 Page 44

45 Gas Supply August 2017 Gas supplies are related to ambient temperatures. During August, the gas storages were being filled. This is represented in the graph by negative values. Gas supplies include Dutch consumption and exports Aug-17 Page 45

46 Gas Demand Including Gas-to-Power August 2017 Domestic gas demand in August peaked at 40 GW. In this graph, the term industry is defined as direct connections of about 400 major industries to the Gasunie grid. The term distribution includes households, offices, commercials and many small and medium size industries that are connected to the gas distribution grids Aug-17 Page 46

47 Gas Imports & Exports August 2017 In August 2017, gas imports were 35 TWh while gas exports were 23 TWh. Thus, the Netherlands was a net importing gas country. Aug-17 Page 47

48 Power Imports & Exports August 2017 In August 2017, power imports were 2.1 TWh, while power exports were 0.8 TWh. In August, the Netherlands imported 12% of its power consumption. This graph presents the actual power flows, i.e. both intended (traded) and unintended. Aug-17 Page 48

49 Wind Power August 2017 August 2017 was characterized by a rather low production of wind energy; the average utilization rate of the wind turbines (onshore + offshore) was just 19%. The installed wind power capacity (onshore and offshore) is about 4340 MW Aug-17 Page 49

50 Solar PV Power August 2017 August was rather sunny; the utilization rate of solar PV installed was 14%. The installed solar power capacity in the Netherlands is about 2390 MW. Aug-17 Page 50

51 Onshore and offshore wind and Solar PV Power August 2017 This graph shows the combined electricity production by offshore wind, on shore wind and solar-pv. It indicates the large variations of these intermittent sources. Aug-17 Page 51

52 The following set of slides presents for each month in 2016 the hourly contributions of various energy sources to total power consumption in The Netherlands. Aug-17 Page 52

53 Power Generation January 2017 In the second half January, gas-fired power generation peaked, due to low wind availability and net exports (negative numbers in the graph) occurring simultaneously. Aug-17 Page 53

54 Power Generation February 2017 In the 1 st half of February, NL was a net exporter, while in the 2 nd half of February, NL was a net importer. Hence, national gas-fired generation and even coal-fired generation were significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 54

55 Power Generation March 2017 In March, wind power generation and power imports were rather volatile. Hence, national gas-fired generation and even coal-fired generation were significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 55

56 Power Generation April 2017 In April, wind power generation and power imports were rather volatile. Hence, national gas-fired generation was significantly affected. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 56

57 Power Generation May 2017 In May, net power imports were high. Hence, gas-fired generation was significantly affected. According to data by TenneT, the nuclear power station Borssele was not on line in May. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 57

58 Power Generation June 2017 In June, net power imports were high. Hence, national gas-fired generation and coal-fired generation were significantly affected. According to data by TenneT, the nuclear power station Borssele was not on line in June. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 58

59 Power Generation July 2017 In July, net power imports and exports fluctuated and hence, gas-fired generation was significantly affected. According to data by TenneT, the nuclear power station Borssele was not on line in the first half of July. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 59

60 Power Generation August 2017 In August, net power imports were high. Hence, gas-fired generation was relatively low. (negative numbers in the graph represent net power exports) Aug-17 Page 60

61 The following set of slides presents for each week in 2017 the hourly contributions of wind and solar-pv to the total power consumption in The Netherlands. Aug-17 Page 61

62 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 62

63 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 63

64 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 64

65 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 65

66 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 66

67 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 67

68 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 68

69 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 69

70 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 70

71 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 71

72 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 72

73 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 73

74 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 74

75 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 75

76 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 76

77 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 77

78 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 78

79 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 79

80 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 80

81 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 81

82 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 82

83 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 83

84 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 84

85 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 85

86 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 86

87 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 87

88 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 88

89 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 89

90 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 90

91 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 91

92 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 92

93 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 93

94 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 94

95 Hourly Solar-PV and Wind Generation 2017 Aug-17 Page 95

96 MISCELLANEOUS Aug-17 Page 96

97 Effective Temperature August 2017 In August 2017, the average daily effective temperature (temperature including wind shield factor) was 15 o C, similar to August Aug-17 Page 97

98 Fuel Specific CO2 Emissions g/kwh Sources: CE-Delft, own analyses Fuels Power Generation Characteristic CO2 emissions used in this presentation. Aug-17 Page 98

99 Epilogue This presentation is based on numerous sources on energy demand, supply and production in The Netherlands. Unfortunately, these sources do not cover the entire Dutch energy system, nor do these sources provide the insights needed for this presentation. Thus, various approximations and scaling factors were derived and used. The author would like to thank students from Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen and various consulted energy experts for there feedback on the methods used. Currently, the aggregated results of this work are in good agreement with data supplied by the Dutch National Office of Statistics (CBS) and it is believed that the this presentation gives a fair presentation of the complex reality of the Dutch energy system. Nevertheless, the author invites readers to comment on the data provided to further improve this work. After all, good and reliable data are at the heart of any successful policy to make our world more sustainable. Aug-17 Page 99