Prospect of the Nuclear-Heated Steam Methane Reforming (NH-SMR) Method for Fertilizers Industry In Indonesia

Transcription

1 Prospect of the Nuclear-Heated Steam Methane Reforming (NH-SMR) Method for Fertilizers Industry In Indonesia Presented On: IAEA Technical Meeting to Examine the Role of Nuclear Hydrogen Production in the Context of Hydrogen Economy Erlan Dewita NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY OF INDONESIA (BATAN)

2 Background

3 Indonesia Agriculture country fertilizer demand Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is the most common method of hydrogen production that used in the industrial synthesis of ammonia and urea (fertilizer plant). Steam reforming is one of hydrogen production method by using natural gas as raw material and fuel. The reforming reaction is strongly endothermic (consumes heat), it supply by combustion of natural gas. Natural gas ratio for SMR is 40% for raw material and 60% for fuel. After 2010 gas production has dropped due to supply problems. High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) reactor is one of nuclear reactor that operates at the high temperature. HTGR type reactor is a potential for cogeneration process, especially to supply heat for hydrogen production process. Advantageous effect of nuclear heat supply is to reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission.

4 The reforming reaction is strongly endothermic (consumes heat), it supply by combustion of natural gas. Combustion of natural gas to supply reaction heat will reduce conversion of natural gas to hydrogen. HTGR type reactor is a potential for cogeneration process, especially to supply heat for hydrogen production process. There is seem challenge in the development of similar technology to produce hydrogen by replacing combusting natural gas with helium from HTGR type reactor. 06/03/2017 4

5 Schematic diagram of fertilizer production and replacement fuel from heat supplied from HTGR Natural Gas Raw material SMR Hydrogen Ammonia Fuel/reaction heat sources Urea HTGR Natural gas which is about 60% as fuel for hydrogen production can be replaced by heat from HTGR, so the natural gas can be totally used for raw material in SMR production

6 Advantages of cogeneration In order to fulfill electricity needs and as effort to reduce environmental impact as a result of increasing natural gas consumption, it is needed introduction to utilizing nuclear heat for cogeneration purpose, namely for electricity production and hydrogen production Cogeneration can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Cogeneration can help minimize CO 2 emissiion 7/27/2017 Badan Tenag a Nuklir 6

7 STEAM METHANE REFORMING Steam Methane Reforming method have 3 main process, namely Steam reforming, shift reaction, and purification. CH 4 + H 2 O CO + 3H 2 H 298 = kj/mol (1) CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 H 298 = kj/mol(2) CH 4 + 2H 2 O CO 2 + 4H 2 H 298 = kj/mol(3) The process in the primary reformer occurs through a reaction of natural gas (methane) and steam at high temperature (~ 800 C), and has a thermal efficiency of about 70%. To reacting natural gas and steam continuously in a Fixed Bed Reactor in the presence of a catalyst Multitube NiO. The reaction takes place in the temperature range 500 C-800 C with pressures between bar.

8 Indonesian Gas Production and Consumption Production 2006 In billion m Consumption In billion m Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016 As shown in the table above - and contrary to national oil production - gas production in Indonesia has remained stable, reaching a record high in 2010 due to the start of production of the Tangguh field (located in Papua) in the same year (managed by BP Indonesia) which is an important field in the country's gas industry. After 2010 gas production has dropped due to supply problems. 06/03/2017 8

9 Top Natural Gas Producing Countries in 2015: 1. United States Russia Iran Qatar Canada China Norway Saudi Arabia Algeria Indonesia 75.0 in billion m³ 27/07/2017 9

10 Top Gas Consuming Industries in Indonesia INDUSTRY Fertilizer , Petrochemicals Ceramic Steel Glassware Glass Cement Rubber Gloves in million metric standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd) Source: Forum Industri Pengguna Gas Bumi 06/03/

11 Advantageous effect of nuclear heat supply is to reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission. This study will hopefully useful to contribute feedback to stakeholders about nuclear heat source that can increasing efficiency of ammonia and urea production as well as hydrogen as energy source in the future. HEEP Programme will be used also as an analysis tool to economic evaluation of hydrogen production 06/03/

12 Most centers of Indonesian gas production are located offshore. The largest of these are: 1. Arun, Aceh (Sumatra) 2. Bontang (East Kalimantan) 3. Tangguh (Papua) 4. Natuna Island 27/07/

13 July 17,

14 Gas Demand Projection for Fertilizers Industry July 17,

15 Conventional ammonia production process 06/03/

16 Hydrogen is used in the manufacture of two of the most important chemical compounds made industrially, ammonia and methanol. It is also used in the refining of oil, for example in reforming, one of the processes for obtaining high grade petrol and in removing sulfur compounds from petroleum which would otherwise poison the catalytic converters fitted to cars. 06/03/

17 Indonesian industrial hydrogen price In Indonesia, the price of hydrogen gas for industrial using (e.g. ammonia and fertilizer plant, petroleum and petrochemical industry) is regulated by the government in 2017, the government is managed to regulate the price ranging USD 8-10/MMBTU 06/03/

18 To support Nuclear Hydrogen production RDE 10 MWth/3 Mwe He 250/750 C Steam 145/520 C Electricity Process Heat RDE will produce electricity RDE will be used for R&D of process heat application such as H 2 Prod, Desalination, EOR, etc HTGR Type Pebble Bed Reactor Refer to HTR-Module design R&D HTGR R&D related to HTGR Technology for development of design and construction of Indonesia HTGR BATAN have also experiment to produce kernel of coated particles, experiment to produce hydrogen by IS Method and assessment of nuclear hydrogen 06/03/2017 production by SMR 18

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20 CONCLUSION To overcome the energy deficit to meet the needs of electricity and industrial process heat and it also to overcome environmental pollution due to the use of fossil fuel (coal, oil and gas), nuclear cogeneration absolutely should be applied. Nuclear can be an alternative sustainable energy source (fuel) for hydrogen generation Cogeneration system will reducing the fuel consumption to be used for the heating (more natural gas for raw material) and consequently no combusted carbon dioxide emission Very promosing system that can be replace the fuel of SMR and reduced the pollution Some difficulties encountered in the application of HEEP, because we have to design reactor, because it need some input data such as : Initial fuel load, annual fuel feed, capital cost, fuel cost, Decomisioning cost etc, besides it for steam methane reforming data, I can not get because confidential of company 06/03/

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22 BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL Jl. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan Jakarta, (021) Fax. (021) Humas badan_tenaga_nuklir_nasional Humas Batan

23 Jl. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan Jakarta, (021) Fax. (021) contact Humas Batan badan_tenaga_nuklir_nasional Humas Batan