_Chillventa 2010 Natural refrigerants in Denmark ver7.ppt

Transcription

1 _Chillventa 2010 Natural refrigerants in Denmark ver7.ppt

2 Applications with Natural Refrigerants country situation and experiences by

3 NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN DENMARK Situation and experiences By SVENN HANSEN, Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling Teknologiparken, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Phone: , Mail: Internet: << Company Logo >>

4 Background A few facts about Denmark Danish population: 5.5 million Danish refrigeration business Approx production companies Components and units. Advansor, Carrier Refrigeration Denmark (former Birton), Danfoss, Gram Commercial, Johnson Controls Denmark, Nilan, Vestfrost Approx installation companies A few big, some medium-sized and many small companies. Carrier Refrigeration Denmark (former Birton), Findan-group, Johnson Controls Denmark, Knudsen Køling, Super Køl, Vojens Køleteknik Reference: CIA s The World Factbook 4 wholesalers minor agents ahlsell, H. Jessen Jürgensen, FK Teknik, Air-Con Danmark Approx consultants Wholesalers, DTI, Rambøll, COWI, Gromtmij Carl Bro

5 Background - Legislation in Denmark CFC s phased-out in the early 1990s (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA) Prohibition and limitations for substances with ozone depletion potential HFC taxes from (Danish Ministry of Taxes) Tax on substances with ozone depletion potential and global warming potential Tax imposed on all refrigerants for old and new plants Regulation only applicable to products used in Denmark Tax imposed on imported product with greenhouse gases R134a: 130 DKK/kg (17.2 EUR/kg), R404A: 378 DKK/kg (49.9 EUR/kg) HFC ban and phase-out from 2006/2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment EPA) Regulation of industrial gases with global warming potential (150g<charge<10 kg) Regulation only applicable to new systems Service can continue on existing systems after 2006 After 2007 further import prohibited The European Parliament and the Counsil Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of 17 May 2006 on fluorinated greenhouse gasses.

6 Background - Legislation in Denmark Authorization system (Danish Working Environment Authority WEA) Legislation about use of pressurized equipment (BEK no. 100 of 31/01/2007) Appendix 7 Refrigeration systems and heat pumps 1. Refrigerants Group 1: Dangerous media, Group 2: Other media 2. Placement of equipment Separate machine rooms if >25 kg, alarms and safety switch if >10 m 3 3. Machine room Below ground level, code of good practise, no other installations, escape routes 4. Inspection and maintenance Inspections of vessels and pipes, yearly inspections of plants >1 kg, inspections and maintenance by competent persons, authorized work if >2.5 kg 5. Qualifications for technicians and for companies Types of plants: A, B, C, D, E (size of charge and group of media)

7 Background - Legislation in Denmark Appendix 7 about refrigeration systems and heat pumps, continued 5.1 Plant types A: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 2 (basic certificate) B: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 2 (intermediate certificate) C: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge< 50 kg, group 1 and 2 (extended basic certificate) D: Plants with 2.5 kg <charge, group 1 and 2 (extended certificate) E: Plants A, B, C or D, where technician are employed (special certificate) 5.2 Qualifications for different jobs Installation, start-up, yearly inspections, repair, maintenance, disposal 5.3 Technicians Persons over 18 years with necessary qualifications and instructions Company must be able to document technicians competence 5.4 Authorized companies Companies must be competent and approved (authorized) by WEA Demands for companies, their equipment and quality procedures

8 Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008

9 Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008 Frank Jensen Danish EPA, Chemical Division BACKGROUND 1996 The Danish Minister for Environment states the following: I want a phase-out in ten year s time in new equipment or products within the cooling industry HOW DENMARK DID IT Tax: Adopted by Parliament December 15, 2001 Phase-out: Signed by the Minister for the Environment July 2, 2002 DOES IT WORK????? Simple answer YES

10 Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008 Frank Jensen Danish EPA, Chemical Division STATUS 2008 Dialogue with industry and organisations Exemptions has to be well-defined Industry has to meet the challenges in a positive way - without trying to find loopholes 10 kg limit has been the greatest challenge CONCLUSIONS Very clear political signals and support are essential Use of non-hfc alternatives is possible for most applications Need flexibility from the authorities (within well-defined limits) Significant reductions can be achieved - without extraordinary economic costs

11 1000 tons CO2 per year Status of national legislation on F-gasses in Denmark 2008 Frank Jensen Danish EPA, Chemical Division Non-legislation Legislation

12 About competence and technology In-competece Un-experience A Competence company / person Competence Experience Knowledge (school, education, courses, viisits, meetings, seminars) Skills (practical training, experience, exercise) Design and installation, operation, service and maintenance; Qualified, competent and skilled personnel - training, certification, etc. B Immature Demonstration A Technology systems / components Mature Fully developed Research and development (experiments, labtests, prototypes) Production and sales (performance, efffiency, reliable, proven, price, competitive) Standards and legislation (safety, environment) Availability, cost, safety, regulations; Access to refrigerant and components, expenses, risk management, restrictions in use B

13 Instruction and training - theory and hands-on Basic education, courses, seminars, conferences Training equipment Classroom and instruction Schools, Universities, R&D Institutes, Centres

14 DTI s course: CO 2 - principles and hands-on Principles (1 day): Basics about CO 2 as a refrigerant Materials, components and connections Safety System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect) 100% in class-room Trans critical system Hands-on (1 day): Basics about CO 2 as a refrigerant Cascade system Materials, components and connections Safety Practical training with CO 2 -systems in laboratory System designs (sub- and trans critical, indirect) 80% practical training Standard courses in-house Tailor-made external courses Transportable training systems Trans critical system

15 Educational challenges when dealing with CO 2 and other natural refrigerants Issues Current skill level of the industry CO 2 expertise is critical to the growth potential of CO 2 What the industry needs to do to get up to speed in order to implement CO 2 systems Effective guidelines for designing and implementing a CO 2 system Competent instructors Training facilities and equipment Much larger switch-over within refrigeration trade compared to phase-out of CFC Important for everyone to start early and obtain their own experience

16 Visits and lectures on new cases Several meetings and seminars held on new cases with HFC free cooling A 2-day conference called Danish days of Refrigeration is held every year with 2-3 parallel sessions - and exhibition A very effective way to transfer knowledge and experience from demo systems! Typically arranged by two Danish Refrigeration Associations ( Selskabet for Køleteknik and Dansk Køleforening )

17 Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling

18 Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling

19 Information Centre for Sustainable Technology ICST A new international neutral technological un-political and transparent platform is being established by DTI: International Information Centre for Sustainable Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology (ICST) For everybody, who deals with all types of refrigerant applications A global alliance for the right selection of refrigerant for the application The primary tool is to give everybody worldwide access to updated network and knowledge on this international web-portal in English language.

20 Know-how and experience in Denmark Consultancy, technical advice and assistance Cases: The world s first HFC free McDonald s Restaurant Opened december 2002 Restaurant R744 CO 2 and R290 propane for Walk-in refrigerating and freezing rooms R744 CO 2 for HVAC system HVAC system Walk-in Consultants, installers, producers, wholesalers, colleagues, fairs, interest groups

21 Applications with natural refrigerants in Denmark General impression Ammonia NH 3 (R717, R723) Standard for industrial applications just as before Chillers for A/C Units for large heat pump installations HydroCarbons HC s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270) Air or water cooled units for applications with indirect systems Heat pumps Carbondioxide CO 2 (R744) Few subcritical and mostly transcritical CO 2 -units for supermarkets, industry, A/C, heat pumps, indirect systems, Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many applications designed according to standards and legislation

22 Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now) According to wholesalers Ammonia Frank NH Jensen 3 (R717, R723) Some Danish increasing EPA, activity Chemical - business Division as usual. Smaller plants than before are built in small numbers HydroCarbons HC s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270) Decreasing activity in general, but increasing activity for chillers and maybe heat pumps, due to high COP s Carbondioxide CO 2 (R744) Relatively high and increasing level of activity, components available, transitional period over. Subcritical applications is OK, only few can design and build transcritical systems. Fear for complexity and high pressures is decreasing. Continues

23 Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now) According to wholesalers Continued Frank Jensen Danish EPA, Chemical Division HydroFlouroCarbons HFC s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A) Decreasing activity Still standard type of refrigerant for small systems (150 g < charge < 10 kg) Typically up to 2-3 systems in parallel - each with less than 10 kg charge. Still a lot of brine systems are made in special Danish Versions with charge under 10 kg Refrigerants and components are available Only few and small contractors are hit hard by the danish legislation Wants same legislation as in other countries no special regulations in DK

24 Situation and experiences in Denmark 2010 (now) According to installers (contractors) Ammonia Frank NH Jensen 3 (R717, R723) Around Danish EPA, % of Chemical companies Division use ammonia, increasing trend HydroCarbons HC s (R170, R290, R600a, R1270) Only few companies work with HC s Carbondioxide CO 2 (R744) More than 25 % of the companies now have a lot of experience with CO 2 and are capable of handling CO 2 -designs similar to designs for other refrigerants. Energy efficiency of CO 2 -systems is now being competitive with previous levels of similar HFC-applications. HydroFlouroCarbons HFC s (R134a, R404A, R507C, R410A, R507A) Everybody are using HFC s Danish installers have gained competence and know how to select refrigerant and design systems for normal applications

25 Final remarks and conclusions The presentation has given a picture of todays situation and experience in Denmark: DK authorities have added tax on HFC s and phase-out HFC s since 2006/2007 Authorities have requirements for competence of technicians and companies Danish EPA: Regulations with tax and phase-out worked Needed: Competent companies and persons, mature fully developed technology Instruction and training needed to give and build up competence to installers Visits and lectures about new cases are very effective for transfer of experience Information Centre for HFC Free Cooling offers assistance - free of charge Mc Donald s first HFC-free restaurant has been in operation in Denmark since 2002 Systems with natural refrigerants are available and being used for many applications Refrigerants and components are available Wholesalers wants same legislation as in other countries no special DK-regulations Activity levels; Ammonia ( ), HydroCarbons ( ), Carbondioxide ( ) Installers know how to select refrigerant and design systems for normal applications Refrigeration business have passed transitional stage and now works normal

26 Final remarks and conclusions In-competece Un-experience A Competence company / person Competence Experience B Immature Demonstration A Technology systems / components Mature Fully developed B Thank you for your attention!