Submitted to: Ms. Airill L. Mercurio

Transcription

1 De La Salle University- Dasmariñas College of Science Biological Sciences Department Submitted to: Ms. Airill L. Mercurio Submitted by: John Jefferson Besa, Fijie Ann Gopez, Amethyst Montilla, Merlina Rose Panizales, Maritess Pinzon, Brigitte Angeli Sigue

2 What is pollution? Introduction of contaminants to the environment that harms and destroys the ecosystem. Two Kinds of Causes of Pollution: 1. Natural Cause (e.g. volcanic eruption, pollen grains) 2. Anthropogenic Cause (man-made) Two Kinds of Pollution (accdg. to the ability to point sources) 1. Point Source Pollution - the source of pollution is identifiable 2. Non-point Source Pollution - the source of pollution cannot be identified

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4 Water Pollution Contamination of bodies of water like rivers, lakes, oceans, and even groundwater. Occurs when water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials in it. Water is considered polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants, not suitable for human use, and unable to support its biotic communities, such as fish. Leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases.

5 Water Pollution Facts about Water Pollution Asian rivers are the most polluted in the world. They have three times as many bacteria from human waste as the global average and 20 times more lead than rivers in industrialized countries. Pollution of freshwater (drinking water) is a problem for about half of the world's population. Each year there are about 250 million cases of water-related diseases, with roughly 5 to 10 million deaths.

6 Water Pollution Facts about Water Pollution Diseases caused by the ingestion of water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites include: cholera, typhoid, schistosomiasis, dysentery and other diarrheal infections. Around 80% of the pollution in seas and oceans comes from land-base activities.

7 Water Pollution Facts about Water Pollution In one week, a typical cruise ship generates: 210,000 gallons of sewage;1,000,000 gallons of "gray water" from showers, sinks, dishwashers and clothes washers; 37,000 gallons of oily bilge water; more than eight tons of solid waste and toxic wastes from onboard operations like dry cleaners and photo processing laboratories.

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9 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution 1. Dumping of Industrial and Nuclear Wastes - nuclear wastes are non-biodegradable - causes a number of health hazards for those who came in contact with the radiation from this wastes

10 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution 2. Pesticides/ Fertilizers (Nitrate and Phosphate) - are washed down in the freshwaters where fishes swim in and the water that human drinks.

11 3. Oil Pollution Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution - oil spills make about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean; comes from shipping travels, dumping, and drains. - catastrophic to local marine wildlife such as fish, birds, and other sea otters. - causes a thick sludge in the water.

12 4. Marine Dumping Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution - dumping of wastes in the ocean Some common garbage: Cardboard takes 2 weeks to degrade. Newspaper takes 6 weeks to degrade. Foam takes 50 years to degrade. Styrofoam takes 80 years to degrade. Aluminium takes 200 years to degrade. Plastic packaging takes 400 years to degrade. Glass takes so long to degrade that we don t know the exact time.

13 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution 5. Mining - exposes heavy metals and sulfur compounds that were previously locked away in the earth. Rainwater leaches these compounds out of the exposed earth, resulting in "acid mine drainage" and heavy metal pollution that can continue long after the mining operations have ceased.

14 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution Continuation... - In the case of gold mining, cyanide is intentionally poured on piles of mined rock (a leach heap) to chemically extract the gold from the ore. Some of the cyanide ultimately finds its way into nearby water. - Huge pools of mining waste "slurry" are often stored behind containment dams. If a dam leaks or bursts, water pollution is guaranteed.

15 6. Atmospheric Deposition - caused by air pollution Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution - in the atmosphere, water particles mix with CO 2, SO 2, NO 2, to form a weak acid; when it rains, the water is polluted with this gases, this is called ACID RAIN. - acid rain pollutes marine habitats and aquatic life is harmed.

16 7. Sewage and Wastewater Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution - Sewage is the term used to describe wastewater containing feces, urine, and laundry waste. - sewage is often treated in water treatment plants and wastes are often disposed in the sea.

17 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution Continuation... -sewage is mainly disposable and most of it is broken down in the environment -in developed countries, sewage often causes problems when people flush chemical and pharmaceutical substances down the toilet. When people are ill, sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into the environment causing health problems.

18 8. Noise Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution - many marine organisms, such as sea turtles and marine animals, use sound to navigate and hunt. - noises from ship engines and sonar have a negative effect: some species have a harder time hunting; others may have a hard time detecting predators, and some may not be able to navigate properly. - in a well publicized case in 2000, at least 17 whales were stranded on beaches in the northern Bahamas Islands, with the likely cause being US Navy operating mid-frequency sonar systems nearby.

19 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution 9. Emission of greenhouse gases/ global warming - global warming is the process where the Earth s temperature increases above average due to greenhouse gases. - burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, like CO 2, in the atmosphere. This causes the heat to be trapped inside the atmosphere and eventually the temperature increases.

20 Water Pollution Causes of Water Pollution Continuation... - an increases in water temperature can result in the death of aquatic organisms and destroy marine habitats (e.g. increase in water temp. can causes coral bleaching of reefs in the world that destroy coral reefs where marine life depends).

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22 1. Death & impairment of organisms (flight of birds) - due to oil spill, forms thick sludge in water which causes suffocation to marine animals and gets caught in the feathers of marine bird stopping them from flying. - due to acidity - due to increased heat Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution

23 2. Scarcity of clean water Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution

24 3. Effects on health Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects and some are carcinogenic. Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas others can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning.

25 Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Continuation... Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.

26 Continuation... Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms. Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and can result in mortality.

27 Continuation... Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and microorganisms.

28 4. Effects on the environment Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish, and can affect the rest of the food chain. This means that entire animal communities can be badly affected by this type of pollutant. Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some toxins affect the reproductive success of marine life and can therefore disrupt the community structure of an aquatic environment.

29 Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Continuation... Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. This often increases the number of mortalities seen within an environment.

30 Continuation... Water Pollution Effects of Water Pollution Sulfate particles from acid rain change the ph of water making it more acidic, this damages the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and often increases the number of mortalities within an environment. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms. This has subsequent effects on the rest of the aquatic community that depend on these organisms to survive.

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32 1.Conserve water. This help prevents water shortages and reduces the amount of water to be treated. 2. Be careful of what you throw in the sink or toilet. 3. Use an environment-friendly household products. Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment

33 Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment 4. DO NOT overuse pesticides and fertilizers. This will prevent runoffs of the materials to nearby bodies of water. 5. Have more plants. This will prevent fertilizers, pesticides, and contaminated water to runoff nearby water sources. 6. DO NOT throw garbage in bodies of water.

34 7. Industrial Treatment Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment

35 8. Reducing sewage pollution 9. Eat organic foods instead. Organic foods are foods grown without pesticides and other harmful contaminants. 10. Preservation of natural wetlands. Wetlands serves as nature s filter and creates a natural buffer zone between water and land. Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment

36 Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment 11. Ozone Wastewater Treatment - involves the use of an ozone generator which break down wastewater pollutants to prevent the spread of pollution throughout natural water sources. - ultraviolet radiation is the most common ozone generator.

37 Continuation... Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment - converts oxygen into ozone. Ozone is a very reactive gas that can oxidize bacteria, molds, organic materials, and other pollutants found in water. Benefits: - kills bacteria effectively; oxidizes substances such as Fe and S so that they can be filtered out of the solution; no nasty odor or residues. Disadvantages: - expensive; cannot remove dissolved minerals and salts; can sometimes produce by-products such as bromate that can be harmful to human health.

38 Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment 12. Septic Tanks - treats sewage at the place where it is located, rather than transporting the waste through a treatment plant or sewage systems. - solids are separated from the liquid. - solid materials are separated depending on their density. Heavy materials settles in the bottom while light materials settles at the top.

39 Continuation... Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment - biological processes are used to help degrade solid materials. - the liquids then flows out into a land drainage system and the remaining solids are filtered out.

40 13. Denitrification Water Pollution Prevention/Treatment - prevents the leaching of nitrates in soil - thus, preventing the contamination of groundwater - bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen in in the fertilizers to nitrates, making it easier for plants to absorb.

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