Policies for Anaerobic Digestion in Europe

Transcription

1 Policies for Anaerobic Digestion in Europe Jan Stambasky President AD Europe 2014, 21 st February 2014, Dublin, Ireland

2 What is EBA? Non-profit organization founded in 2009 Sustainable biogas production and use in Europe Well-established network and communication platform for exchanging information and expertise in biogas Member of AEBIOM, EREF and ESBF Cooperation with EREC and ECN AD Europe 2014, 21st February 2014, Dublin, Ireland

3 European Biogas Association 66 Members - 32 National Organisations 34 companies

4

5 Biogas Industry in Europe

6 Support for Biogas (highest possible in 2012)

7 Germany Latest Developments Source: Fachverband Biogas E.V.

8 Germany Installations per Year November 2013 Source: Fachverband Biogas E.V.

9 Germany Tariffs EEG 2012 Category Basic compensation Input material category I Input material category II Digestation of biowaste a) Bonus for upgrading of biogas 75 kw 25 ct/kwh a) 150 kw 14.3 ct/kwh 6.0 ct/kwh 8.0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 500 kw 12.3 ct/kwh 6.0 ct/kwh 8.0 ct/kwh 16 ct/kwh 750 kw 11.0 ct/kwh 5.0 ct/kwh 8.0/6.0 b) ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh kw 11.0 ct/kwh 4.0 ct/kwh 8.0/6.0 b) ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh kw 6.0 ct/kwh 0.0 ct/kwh 0.0 ct/kwh 14 ct/kwh 3 ct/kwh to 700 Nm³/h 2 ct/kwh to 1,000 Nm³/h 1 ct/kwh to 1,400 Nm³/h Nominal output of feed-in plant a) No combination with basic compensation and/or compensation for input material of category I and II possible! b) Electricity from manure and dung Source: Fachverband Biogas E.V.

10 Italy Current Biogas Boom The most progressive region in agro-based biogas Source: Consorzio Italiano Bio-Gas

11 Italy Level of Incentives Source: Consorzio Italiano Bio-Gas

12 Italy Additional Incentives Additional incentive for greenhouse gas reduction in the case of supply-chain biomass-fuelled plants, but only for plants between 1-5 MW (limited use in agro sector) Additional incentives of 30 Euro/MWh for compliance with the air emission regulations Subsidies for high-efficiency cogeneration (up to 40Euro/MWh) Incentives for district heating (steam and hot watter) Source: Consorzio Italiano Bio-Gas

13 France - Just Started Number of French Biogas Plants in Installed electric power (2012) % 7% 7% 5% 1% % Agriculture Household waste Industrial Territorial Sewer sludge Landfill Source: ATEE Club Biogaz

14 France - The Second Year (2012) Complete Biogas Industry (agro, WWTP, LFG): Distribution of sizes (agro-based plants) 370 plants 246 MW installed power output 2,400 GWh of electricity produced Nb plants Cumulative P (Mwe) Source: ATEE Club Biogaz

15 France - The Support Scheme Investment Support By ADEME regional agencies : through request for proposal Funds Waste (40 M in 2013) By regional council Subsidies represent % of a plant investments Feed-in tariffs CHP: electricity prices reassessed in 2011 Biomethane feed-in possible since years contracts, purchase obligation Traceability Green certificate for renewable electricity Guarantee of origin certificates for biomethane Source: ATEE Club Biogaz

16 France - Feed-in-Tariffs in Detail Electricity price with power with % of manure with energy efficiency Biomethane price with power with % of agriculture and agro-food substrates (dedicated intermediate energy crops, residues from agriculture/agro-food industry) with % of waste from community (excluding sewer sludge), households and catering Source: ATEE Club Biogaz

17 c /kwh France - Feed-in-Tariffs in Detail Minimum Maximum Landfill (CHP) Digestion (CHP) Landfill (bioch4) Digestion (bioch4) Electricity Biomethane Source: ATEE Club Biogaz

18 European CAP Reform and Biogas Agriculture and forestry are key providers of biomass Enable sustainable utilisation of biomass, bioenergy & biogas for rural economies, by: Invest in modernisation and restructuring Increase efficiency of production factors Diversify farms towards non-agricultural activities Increase directly farming households' income Improve or set up infrastructures Start up new businesses and create new jobs Environmental protection & climate mitigation Co-operation, producer groups, training, knowledge transfer how to maintain these 3 key drivers for biogas in a balanced way?

19 CAP Reform Some Trends "Will provisions to encourage biomethane production be included in the new common agricultural policy?", EP Q&A the Rural Development Policy of the common agricultural policy (CAP) would continue to offer financial support to investments facilitating the supply and use of renewable sources of energy, subject to (Commissioner Mr Cioloş) EP: Positive vote in COMAGRI's opinion on renewable energy: (March 2013, 28+ to 4-) agriculture and rural areas have the potential to provide a significant proportion of renewable energy production.. recalls the potential for developing livestock farm biogas systems based on biowaste

20 CAP Reform Some Trends CAP, iluc, RED, the general trend in EP and EC is towards "climate friendly bioenergy/biofuels", i.e. based on non-food crops, wastes and residues

21 CAP Reform The First Pillar First pillar relates to direct payments that are largely decoupled: no direct incentives on support to production for bioenergy such as energy crops EU Council: the new greening proposal includes the Ecological Focus Areas (EFA) of 7% being discussed at Council level; some MS also want to include support to energy crops: Thirty percent of direct payments or direct agricultural aid tied to greening, conditional upon the farmers observing three environmental measures on their eligible agricultural areas and related to: the delivery of water and habitat protection by the establishment of ecological focus areas (e.g. 7%) prop diversification permanent pasture

22 CAP Reform Ecological Focus Areas Farmers shall ensure that at least 7 % of their eligible hectares [...], excluding areas under permanent grassland, is ecological focus area such as land left fallow, terraces, landscape features, buffer strips and afforested areas [...]. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts [...] to further define the types of ecological focus areas [...] and to add and define other types of ecological focus areas that can be taken into account [...]. For example: possibly implemented through (management) constraints related to use of N-fertilizer/ pesticides inputs (conditions to grow dedicated energy crops on EFA)

23 CAP Reform The Second Pilar Rural Development Policy : Strategic priorities 1. Promote food chain organization and risk management 2. Enhance competitiveness of all types of agriculture 3. Foster knowledge transfer and innovation 4. Preserve, enhance ecosystems dependent on agriculture and forest 5. Resource efficiency, low carbon and climate resilient agriculture A. Efficient water use B. Efficiency energy use C. Renewable sources of energy D. Reducing nitrous oxide and methane emissions E. Carbon sequestration 6. Social inclusion, economic development in rural areas

24 Support to Bioenergy Under CAP Reg. COM(2011) 627 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) Measures at the disposal of MS authorities Article 18: Investments in physical assets Article 20: Farm and business development Article 21: Basic services and village renewal in rural areas Artcile 28: Setting up of producer groups Article 29: Agri-environmental climate measures Article 36: Co-operation measure

25 Continued Support for Processing and marketing of agricultural products into nonagricultural products (e.g. electricity, gas ) is allowed Investments in processing and marketing of agricultural biomass for renewable energy by actors other than agricultural holdings Diversification of activities, e.g. renewable energy e.g. invest into renewable energy plants to produce energy either for (self-)consumption on farm and/or to sell it to the grid Boost investments in green technologies such as manure management, waste treatment and storage Support to renewable energy infrastructure at village level e.g. larger scale CHP plants or waste treatment plants

26 Continued Support for Beneficiaries can be farmers or groups of farmers, other businesses, public entities (linked to agri products/activities) Higher support rates for collective investments and integrated projects, e.g. biorefinery, biogas plants Limiting conditions linked to efficiency, sustainability and use of food crops Minimum percentage of heat use (to be defined by MS) to promote CHP use Maximum proportion of food and feed crops used for bioenergy to individual installations: excluding waste, residues and by-products, to incentivise utilisation of non-food/feed crops However, MS should also consider their national targets Other sustainability criteria in the RED

27 Ongoing Discussions greening requirements could be different in member states, greening could be voluntary (and then farmers don t get 30% of support), exemption for 75% grassland or holdings surrounded by forest or extreme climatic conditions, exemption if agro environemental measures are implemented, reduced the 7% percentage, progressive introduction, specific management crops, specific crops (permanent crops), regional implementation of 7%, etc.

28 Conclusions It is possible to maintain the key drivers for biogas in agriculture in a balanced way and allow further growth Renewable energy and raw material production is given much attention in the CAP, although the CAP does not set production targets and no direct support Pillar II provides a toolbox for supporting renewable energy and raw materials, subject to proposed conditions of energy efficiency, sustainability and limitation to food crops Choice of instruments lies with the MS No specific crop allowed in greening because of decoupling, but management aspects only should be covered. No ILUC impact calculated for greening because target is to improve local environment and because it is too complicate to calculate!!!

29 Biogas Production Gasification - Biomethane plenary sessions - parallel sessions - poster session exhibition - study tours Co-hosts: Netherlands Enterprise Agency, Energy Valley

30 Policies for Anaerobic Digestion in Europe Jan Stambasky President European Biogas Association