Vocabulary. ecosystem p.79. population p.82. community p.82. niche p.82. herbivores p.84. carnivores p.84. omnivores p.84. decomposers p.

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5 Vocabulary Word Definition ecosystem p.79 population p.82 community p.82 niche p.82 herbivores p.84 carnivores p.84 omnivores p.84 decomposers p.87 5

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7 Chapter 3 Lesson 1 What are parts of ecosystems? page What makes a system? 2. What is an ecosystem? 3. List examples of living parts of an ecosystem and nonliving parts. 4. Organisms can survive only in environments in which 5. The kinds of plants and animals that live in an area depend on what two things? 6. Why do some plants and animals survive well in an ecosystem? 7. How might limited space affect organisms in an ecosystem? 7

8 8. Complete the chart below to summarize each ecosystem Desert Kinds of Ecosystems Grassland Tundra Forest Tropical Rain Forest 8. What is a population? 8

9 9. The size of each population may change depending on what 3 things? 10. The different populations that interact with each other in the same area form a 11. The area or place where an organism lives in an ecosystem is called a. 12. You can think of a habitat as an organism s. 13. An organism s niche is its. 14. How is the niche of a roadrunner and hummingbird different? 15. Why don t all organisms in an ecosystem have the same niche? 16. Explain the levels of an ecosystem 9

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11 Chapter 3 Lesson 2 How does energy flow in an ecosystem? page What is the main energy source for life on Earth? 2. An organism that makes or produces its own food is called a 3. An organism that eat, or consumes, other living things is called a Types of Consumers Definition Examples Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores 4. What can happen in an ecosystem if energy transfer is interrupted? 5. If all the producers were removed from a desert ecosystem, which consumer would be affected first? 11

12 6. The energy stored by producers can be transferred along a 7. Where does a food chain always begin? 8. A gets the energy it needs by hunting and killing prey. 9. Describe how energy is transferred from the prickly pear cactus to the coyote. 10. Why does energy in a food chain move in only one direction? 11. How do decomposers get their energy? 12. List 3 examples of organisms that are decomposers. 13. Explain why a decomposer is an important part of the ecosystem. 14. An ecosystem has many 15. A system of overlapping food chains is called a 12

13 Using the food web on page answer the following questions. 16. Which animal from the food web is prey to the greatest number of predators? 17. If all of the collared peccaries from this food web died or were killed, how could that affect the food chains? 18. List animals from the food web that are carnivores. 19. Draw a diagram of a food chain or web that includes humans and at least three other organisms. 13

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17 Chapter 3 Lesson 3 How does matter flow in ecosystems? page How much of the Earth s surface is covered with water? 2. List 3 different water ecosystems. 3. Why don t plants and algae live in a deep sea ecosystem? Look at the food web on page to answer the following questions. 4. List 3 different food chains shown on the web. 5. What is the blue-spotted sunfish s niche in this food web? 6. If snails were removed from this web, how might other organisms be affected? 7. All living things eventually die and rot, or 17

18 8. What would happen if there wasn t decay in an ecosystem? 9. Name some things that affect how fast an organism decays. 10. Explain why dead organisms decay more quickly in summer months than in winter months. 18

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25 Name: Test date: Directions: Complete the study guide questions. You may use your science book, reading guides, notebook, or any other resource to help you. 1. get food energy by eating only plants. 2. All the organisms that live in an ecosystem form a(n). 3. are consumers that get food energy from plants and other animals. 4. Living and nonliving things interact in a(n). 5. are consumers that eat only animals. 6. Each organism in a habitat has a different role, or. 7. recycle matter from dead plants and animals. 8. All the members of one species that live within an area of an ecosystem make up a(n). 8. Explain why a desert is considered a system. 9. If the amount of food decreases in a bird community what would most likely happen to the population of birds? 10. What is most likely to happen to a food web if most of a population of animals dies of disease? 25

26 11. and travel through a food chain for animals. 12. What is the place of the freshwater snail in the swamp food chain? 13. The role of zoo plankton in a food web can best be described as: producer consumer decomposer 14. How do decaying organisms help create the next generation of organisms? 15. The main energy source for life on Earth is the. 16. Grass is an example of: producer consumer decomposer 26