Diffuse urban pollution

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1 Diffuse urban pollution David Lerner Catchment Science Centre, Sheffield Director of URSULA

2 Is there a problem? What is diffuse urban pollution? What are we doing about it? What can we do?

3 The Impact of Diffuse Pollution Based on slide from Pam Gilder, Environment Agency, Feb 2010 Reasons for failure of river water bodies Unknown 38% Physical modificat n sources 21% 25% Diffuse Point 16% sources Abstract n Other 1% 0% agricultural 3% 2% 3% 3% 4% 4% 14% 66% mixed urban run-off contaminated land housing natural mineralisation unknown road run-off trading/industrial estates contaminated sediment forestry

4 Diffuse urban pollution: what is it? No clear and accepted definition NADWP: Non-agricultural diffuse water pollution Minus minewaters Two distinct sources of problems: Intermittent discharges from engineered point sources Erosion and leaching not passing through engineered structures

5 Intermittent discharges Driven by storm rainfall through CSOs urban road drainage storm drain discharge points soakaways Pollutants in CSOs are legitimate Pollutants in other sources from land-use inappropriate use of the drainage system misconnections spillages Sources dispersed, discharge is a point

6 Erosion and leaching Sources include parks and gardens contaminated land floodplain sediments erosion due to excess storm water construction sites land restoration sites Receiving waters include groundwater

7 N load kg/ha/yr Pollutants from erosion and leaching Nutrients (N) Leaching 15 Chemicals (pesticides, solvents, fuels, metals) Contaminated land Floodplain sediments Pesticide use Sediment N loads to Nottingham groundwater Comparable to intensive arable load

8 The complexity of cities

9 ttp:// Sources

10 Organic sources Density of chlorinated solvent users Density scale: sites/km 2 Sheffield Nottingham current sites London - 2,500 dry cleaning outlets London Tait et al. 2004, SOTTE 319, 77-98

11 Potential MTBE sources in Nottingham Potential MTBE sources on aquifer

12 What are we doing about it? NADWP working group in mid-2000s Report commissioned key pollutants Five groups of sources sewage, sediment, transport, industry and abandoned mines Series of consultations

13 NADWP consultation 1, Feb 2007 Five priorities Industry Transport Abandoned mines Sewage Sediments Options 20 legislative mechanisms 20 voluntary mechanisms

14 NADWP consultation 2, Jan 2008 Never happened! Was going to have: General Binding Rules Washing Activities Abuse of the Drainage System Site Management Surface Water Control for Construction Sites Permeable Surfacing Petrol Station Forecourts Amending Oil Storage Regulations Tackling Misconnections Removal of Phosphates from Detergents Sustainable Drainage Systems Water Protection Zones Voluntary Mechanisms Better Regulation wouldn t accept case for GBRs

15 Final outcome Ban on phosphates in laundry detergents from 2015 Removes 2% of P load to waters NOT a diffuse pollution action!

16 Urban diffuse pollution projects 1M Defra funding to EA in late projects on misconnections 5 on sources and pathways 3 on measures (SUDS etc) 5 gave advice to businesses Best practices learnt: Use groups of EOs to visit industrial estates Work jointly other EA teams Other agencies Community groups and clubs

17 National Audit Office, July 2010 The Environment Agency has had little impact in reducing diffuse pollution the Agency s knowledge of [nonagricultural] sources of pollution, particularly from urban sources, is less developed.

18 Improving a small industrial estate

19 Improving a small industrial estate Drains Industrial estate Village A6175 Hardstandings increased, drains altered Condition of land? To make changes: How many households, agencies and businesses? How much engineering?

20 What can we do? "Most polluters aren t environmental vandals. They are you, your workmates, your family and friends. How do we get to nice people?" Delegate at Water UK workshop Rate of renewal Housing 1- %/year Sewers 0.1%/year

21 What can we do? NADWP group reconvened Presumption against regulation The Big Society has arrived Stop saying no Changes must be made Introduce the GBRs Empower catchment management groups Collaboration, enthusiasm, shared vision

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