Rodin TITANIUM - AOP

Transcription

1 WELCOME Rodin TITANIUM - AOP The solution for the termination of organisms in water ALAN FLIGHT BrightWater Environmental ALAN LESTER Chemist & Cooling Tower Specialist GARY MADDISON The Rodin Group.

2 Prevention is far better than trying to cure the problem!!!

3 What does AOP oxidise? Bacteria Fungi & Yeasts Amoebae Viruses

4 Legionella are transported by Amoebae Bacteria

5 Pseudomonas Bacteria problems that occur A greasy film, coating strainers, pipe work, tank etc. which attracts dirt Produces noxious smells Causes a muddy red/brown colouring to the water In the long term can cause corrosion

6 What is a Biofilm? A biofilm consists of different kinds of micro organisms, especially bacteria. It can be seen as a society where micro organisms shelter each other. It should not be mistaken with a layer of algae.

7 Why remove the biofilm? Biofilm Legionella Temp > 25 C Colony forming of Legionella in the biofilm Water Outbreak Mass Inoculation Legionella outbreak pipe ofenters with of bacteria other of a bacteria the biofilm parts inbiofilm the in water the the biofilm water Multiple colony forming ofof Legionella in the biofilm

8 Cleaning of the Biofilm Water pipe directly after cleaning. No biofilm is present

9 After cleaning The biofilm will start growing from day 1 after the cleaning

10 The Biofilm regrows After several weeks to months the biofilm is present to let Legionella grow and the process starts all over

11 Why remove the Biofilm? The Water Legionella bacteria pipe cannot without willisbe enter biofilm transported the biofilm as a single cell through the Colony forming not possible without nutrition water and cannot cause a Legionella outbreak

12 Keeping the Biofilm out of the pipes Titanium AOP Disinfection All micro organisms are terminated. New forming of the biofilm is not possible

13 Properties of Legionella Ideal growth temperature: 37ºC Growth range: 20-55ºC Death range: > 60ºC Survives to low temperatures but are dormant (count stays stable) Aerobic rod: needs moisture

14 Properties of the Legionella pneumophila Optimal growth at 37ºC Growth range: 20-55ºC Death range: > 60ºC Survives to low temperatures but are dormant (count stays stable) Needs 10 different amino acids and iron Needs host (Amoebae) to multiply Aerobic rod which needs moisture

15 Outbreaks of Legionnaire's Disease Source:European Working Group for Legionnella Infections

16 Legionnaire's Disease The genus of Legionella contains 50 species and 24 subspecies Legionella pneumophila is the only species which causes dangerous disease: Serotype 1 Legionnaire's disease Inflammation of the lungs Inflammation of stomach and intestine Attack of the central nerve system Serotype 2-15 Pontiac fever Flu like disease Some other Legionella species can cause Pontiac fever

17 Infection 2. Aerosol 3. Breathe Bronchia Alveoli 1. Lp growth (Temp, time, biofilm, nourishments) 4. Susceptibility of the individual

18 Legionnaire s Disease Disease outcome Death Severe brain disorder Full recovery High risk population: People over the age of 45 Heavy smokers or drinkers People suffering from respiratory problems or kidney diseases Immunodeficient patients (cancer, AIDS, transplantation) Males are 2.5 times more susceptible than females

19 Aerosol Generation Droplet formation Droplet break-up on impact

20 Aerosols Droplet diameters 1 mm 100 microns Description Rain droplets Drizzle droplets 10 microns 3 microns 1 micron Falling speed 4000 mm/s 1000 mm/s 20 mm/s Aerosols 5 mm/s m/s A 3 micron droplet falling by 2 meters takes more than 6 minutes to touch the ground!

21 Aerosols in Whirlpool Baths Air bubble

22 Risk Areas Pseudomonas Closed system protection Legionella Control - HWS Cooling towers Humidifiers Recycling of grey water Rainwater harvesting Bore hole water disinfection Process applications Food & Beverage Industry Laboratory & Hospital Sterilisation applications Swimming pool treatment Water Closets.

23 Preferred Current Methods Temperature Control Temperature Control + UV C Temperature Control + Chlorine Dioxide Temperature Control + Other Methods Temperature Control + Copper Silver Ionisation 3% 5% 9% 19% 64%

24 Alternative Technologies Chemical (process water) Environmentally unfriendly. No WRAS approval Physical (drinking water) Ionisation of copper silver DWI prohibits Silver. Anodic oxidation (Chlorine) Temp & Iron sensitive. Ozone Expensive & difficult to maintain UV-C Shadow effect. Ultra filtration incubation unit for all bacteria. Pasteurisation does not destroy bio-film. Complete Prevention Concept is Unique

25 Good Practice in System Design Design Concepts Drinking water All water pipe systems are polluted with Legionella The complexity of the system and the risks have to be determined The pipe system has to be designed and modified to eliminate risks Biofilm and bacteria have to be removed

26 Main Drivers A.C.O.P (H.S.E. L8 ) Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999, Regulation 6 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Regulation 3 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, Sections 2, 3

27 Titanium AOP (Advance Oxidation Process) Rodin Oxidation technology for water disinfection The technology is based on the combination of well-proven ultraviolet light radiation and a photo-catalytic effect in the water, i.e a combination of UV light and the semiconductor titanium dioxide. This process is called AOP (Advanced Oxidation Process). So does this enhanced oxidation process mean that viruses, bacteria and other pathogens found in the water are eradicated faster and more effectively than by other similar systems?

28 Titanium AOP 100

29 THE HYDROXYL RADICAL Oxygen O O H2O.OH Water Hydroxyl Radical Hydrogen

30 Redox Oxidation Value

31 Process Mechanisms (UV-C) Light, wavelength 185 and 254 nm Photolysis wavelength 185 nm) Transforms H2O into OH radicals Photocatalysis wavelength 254 nm) UV at 254nm excites electrons on titanium surface Results in Electron-Hole pair formation (TiO2e-h+) Electron-Hole is catalyst which initiates the formation OH Conductive Band e- e- h+ Valence Band

32 Process Mechanisms Catalyst reacts with H2O to produce OH radicals e- +O2 O2- h+ +H2O OH e-h+ Pair reacts with O2 to produce superoxide ions Catalyst also oxidises organisms at the H2O/TiO2 interface OH revert to H2O by oxidising organisms and VOCs

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34 Applications Drinking water Cooling towers Humidifiers Process water in production areas

35 Legionella System Control Inventory of risk and plan of control. Chemical technical cleaning. Installation Titanium AOP system. Monitoring with culture method.

36 Product Performance Testing The Titanium AOP has been tested independently in 2008 by the ISO accredited Vitens Laboratories in The Netherlands. All tests were done according to KIWA guideline 976 which defines the exact test installation, bacteria cultivation, performance requirements, test conditions and the test rig. 1. Test installation To perform the test an installation was constructed from the following components: Storage tank, maximum volume 1000 litres; Pump with a suitable control valve, capacity 5 m³ / h Volumetric flow meter with an accuracy of ± 5%; Hoses and fixtures to connect the equipment to be tested fitted with sampling taps and a collection tank with a maximum volume of 1000 litres. 2. Cultivating Legionella bacteria Legionella bacteria were cultivated in accordance with the inoculation bottle method in NPR Performance requirements During a test in accordance with the test protocol, the Equipment must reduce the amount of Legionella bacteria present in the water phase continuously with an efficiency of over 5 logarithmic units. The calculation model for removal capacity on the basis of the measured concentration in CFU/l; log reduction LR = 10log [blank sample concentration] /[sample concentration]

37 Vitens Report 3.3 The test set-up The set-up comprises of the following elements: 2 x (sealed) tanks with a capacity of 1000 Litres pump with a delivery of 5 m³ / h flow meter with a measurement range of 0 5m³/h at an accuracy of < 5% PVC pipes diameter 32mm needle valve for setting the required rate of delivery 8 x manually operated valves 2 x sampling cocks Titanium AOP 5 The set-up is shown in the form of a schematic diagram Figure 1 below

38 Vitens Report 4 RESULTS 4.1 Determination of blank concentration The Legionella bacteria should be cultivated in accordance with NEN This method is ideal for cultivating very high concentrations of Legionella. In the execution of the testing 2 samples taken at each time. Because of the accuracy of the analysis readings even if all readings are 0 Legionella this is recorded as 50 cfu/l. In order to record a log reading reduction of 5 therefore the blank samples must contain at least 5,000,000 cfu/l. Table 3 The Legionella pneumophila blanks Blank (cfu/l) Blank (cfu/l) Average blank (cfu/l) Lowest reporting limit NEN 5265 (cfu/l) Maximum possible log reduction Test 124,000, ,500, ,250, As table 3 shows, when testing was carried out with these blanks a log reduction of over 5 was possible. Note: the destruction of micro-organisms is not species specific.

39 Vitens Report 4.2 Titanium test Below can be seen the results of the Titanium AOP 5. Table 4 Destruction of Legionella pneumophila with Titanium AOP Flow Time Number of Legionella Average Log (L/min.) (s after start) bacteria behind Titanium (cfu/l) Reduction < 50 > < 50 > <

40 Test Results Titanium AOP 5 Titanium AOP 1 Starting concentration Legionella pmeumophila serotype 1: 124,000,000 cfu/l Note: Due to the required bottle culture method a contaminated concentration of 106,000,000 cfu/l of other bacteria was present in the testing inoculum. These bacteria are also substantially removed. They have been in competition with Legionella which means that the efficiency of removal of legionella could be higher when those contaminants are not present.

41 Titanium AOP System Layout

42 Titanium AOP Control Panels AOP 1 & 5 AOP 10, 20, 50, & 100

43 Model Capacity Flow Rates (L/sec) Flow Rates (m³/hour) Pressure Drop (bar) AOP 1 AOP 5 AOP 10 AOP 20 AOP 50 AOP <0.1 5 < < < < <0.1 Electrical Voltage (V) Power Consumption (W) Number of lamps Reactor dimension Diameter x length (mm) Material Flange dimension Reactor weight (Kg) 75x470 Titanium DN x895 Titanium DN x890 Titanium DN x960 Titanium DN x955 Titanium DN x955 Titanium DN Control Functions Constant UV regulation Lamp lifetime control Soft heating function Failure indications Mild start Measurement UV intensity Remote control system Measurement of water temperature inside reactor

44 Titanium AOP Dimensions Titanium AOP Reactor Dimensions AOP 1 AOP 5 AOP 10 AOP 20 AOP 50 AOP 100 A B C D E Control Cabinet Dimensions Height Width Depth

45 Hot and Cold Water Treatment Gate keeper on new systems T 65 C HOT WATER CALORIFIER

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47 Sites with Titanium AOP Specified The Royal London Hospital Belmarsh Prison RAF Wyton Skanska Test Facility British Nuclear Power Scotland s National Arena Kent County Council Cooling Tower

48 Key Benefits The complete oxidation of all organism in water Complete oxidation & destruction of pollutants A gatekeeper protecting the entire water system Completely chemical free Very low maintenance and energy costs Environmentally friendly

49 CONCLUSION Thank you very much for attending Questions & Answers 09/05/