Operational Characteristics of Wind Windfarms

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Valerie Reynolds
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1 Operational Characteristics of Wind Windfarms Panel sponsored by Energy Development and Power Generation Committee PES General Meeting, Montreal, Canada June 19, 2006 Badrul H. Chowdhury (Panel Chair) University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla, Missouri, USA

2 Panelists Jack Hochheimer, FPL Energy, LLC Wind Generation Integration & Operation - Technical Challenges/Issues Istvan Erlich, University of Duisburg-Essen Wilhelm Winter, E.ON Netz GmbH Andreas Dittrich, Integral Drive Systems AG Zürich Advanced Grid Requirements for the Integration of Wind Turbines into the German Transmission System Eduard Muljadi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory C. Butterfield, National Renewable Energy Laboratory J. Chacon, Southern California Edison H. Romanowitz, Oak Creek Energy Power Quality Aspects in a Wind Power Plant Steven Saylors, Vestas Americas Wind Parks as Power Plants

3 Panel Abstract Wind power generation is the fastest growing source of energy worldwide. Source: REPP, Worldwatch 1999

4 Panel Abstract (cont d) A wide range of wind power generation technologies exist whose characteristics can vary significantly. Panel takes a critical look at the operating characteristics of existing and planned wind power generation systems and their relationship to interconnection requirements and performance standards.

5 Wind Energy Status The wind industry has experienced significant progress over the past decade in turbine technology and in the electrical interface Per cent share Vestas Gamesa Eólica Enercon GE Wind Siemens/Bonus Others Source: BTM Consult ApS, 2004 Intenational Wind Energy Development - World Market Update. Also reported by P. Fairley, in The Greening of GE, IEEE spectrum, 28-33, July 2005.

6 Wind Energy Status The cost of wind power generation is now competitive with conventional forms of power generation. Since there is no fuel cost volatility, the long-term price of wind energy is stable. Source: Mark Eilers, "Current Status of Wind: Market Update in the Context of the Economics of Wind, GE Energy

7 Current State More than 50,000 MW installed capacity» Germany (16,629 MW)» Spain (8,263 MW)» United States (6,740 MW)» Denmark (3,117 MW)» India (3,000 MW) The top five countries account for over 67% of 2004 installations and nearly 80% of total wind energy installations worldwide

8 Wind energy growth The average U.S. wind energy growth rate for the past five years is 24% Renewable energy consumption declined more than 12% in the US in 2001 to its lowest level in over 12 years -DOE Consumption of all principal renewable energy resources decreased in 2001, except for wind!

9 Ren. Energy Consumption Trend Quadrillion Btu Solar Wind Year Source: The Energy Information Administration "Renewable Energy Annual 2003 )

10 Compared to fossil fuels Energy consumed Fossil Hydro Solar Wind Year Source: The Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review, 2004

11 Projected wind energy Quadrillion BTU Projection to Year Source: The Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Outlook 2006

12 Windfarm issues Low voltage ride through (LVRT) for wind machines Voltage control and reactive power capability Power factor control capability Flicker control Behavior under system fault conditions - can the turbine remain on the grid and optionally support the grid voltage by feeding a short circuit current? Active contribution for frequency stabilization by reducing power and increasing the frequency, even if grid problems occur. Protective system performance System reserve requirements to handle tripping of large wind farm output System monitoring safety, availability, and reliability System maintenance requirements Wind forecasting Modeling for system studies

13 Panel perspectives Researcher s perspective Windfarm developer s perspective Wind power user s perspective Wind turbine manufacturer s perspective

Indispensable requirements for wind farms to contribute to the stability and operability of the system

3rd Workshop of the International Feed-in Cooperation Madrid, November 23rd and 24th, 2006 Indispensable requirements for wind farms to contribute to the stability and operability of the system Ralf BISCHOF