Technologies for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. Nitrogen Removal from Sludge Dewatering Liquor

Transcription

1 Technologies for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Nitrogen Removal from Sludge Dewatering Liquor

2 For every 1 mil. gal. of water treated: 330 lbs. N Primary Settler Primary Sludge (30 lbs. N) Waste Activated Sludge (140 lbs. N) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

3 Anaerobic digestion Sludge Primary Thickener Settler Anaerobic Digester N = 300 to 1,000 mg/l ~10% of influent load Cake Sludge Dewatering March 20, 2012 WATERCON

4 Anaerobic digestion + imported sludge Sludge Primary Thickener Settler Anaerobic Digester N x 23 1 Cake Sludge Dewatering March 20, 2012 WATERCON

5 Anaerobic digestion + solids pretreatment Sludge Primary Thickener Settler Anaerobic Digester N = 1,500 to 3,000 mg/l Cake Sludge Dewatering March 20, 2012 WATERCON

6 Reject Water Handling Alternatives Do Nothing Export Attenuate Treat Integrated treatment Separate treatment March 20, 2012 WATERCON

7 Do Nothing Reject Water RAS WAS March 20, 2012 WATERCON

8 Boulder 75th Street Wastewater Treatment Facility Source: Fevig, et al, Centrate Equalization What You Don t Control Can Hurt You WEFTEC 2011.

9 Export Regional districts w/ multiple plants To less sensitive watersheds To underloaded facility with capacity to handle additional solids New York City

10 Attenuation Flow equalization Continuous operation Stand-alone or incorporated with treatment

11 Source: Brown and Caldwell (1979) Equalization of flow in Wastewater Treatment. Report prepared for the US EPA, EPA-600/

12 Don t Reject the Idea of Treating Reject Water* Highly Concentrated - Small tank volumes Warm Short SRT s Bioaugmentation - Stable off-line source to boost main-stream SRT *Janus, H.M., and vanderroest, H.F. (1997). Don't reject the idea of treating reject water. Wat. Sci. Tech. 35 (10) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

13 Integrated Treatment in-line 1 - f f RAS March 20, 2012 WATERCON

14 Integrated Treatment off-line Nitrate to Headworks March 20, 2012 WATERCON

15 Integrated Treatment: in-line Full-scale facility NYC 26 th Ward WPCP Los Angeles Valencia WRP Appleton, WI WWTP Inland Empire Carbon Canyon Lincoln, NE WTF Capacity (mgd) Process Drivers 85 AT Effluent Total Nitrogen, centralized solids handling (bioaugmentation) Effluent Total Nitrogen, centralized solids handling 15.7 BAR Effluent Ammonia (bioaugmentation) 9.5 Carbon Canyon TIN bubble permit 24 Prenitrification Effluent Ammonia (bioaugmentation) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

16 Lincoln, NE Theresa St. WWTF Source: Sova, R. et al, WEFTEC March 20, 2012 WATERCON

17 Lincoln, NE Theresa St. WWTF March 20, 2012 WATERCON

18 Solution: Prenitrification of Filtrate Alkalinity from RAS Increased temperature + 20% growth rate Enriched source of nitrifiers to increase effective SRT in main-stream Up to 82% removal demonstrated at 10% to 100% RAS (HRT = 10.5 to 3.2 hours) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

19 Integrated treatment: off-line Full-scale Facility Phoenix 91 st Ave. Multi-Cities WWTP Winnipeg, Canada North End WPCC Dallas Southside WWTP Richmond, VA WWTP Muncie, IN WPCF Capacity (mgd) Process Drivers 230 Activated Sludge (flow-through) 53 SBR 110 Activated Sludge (flow-through) 80 In-Nitri 24 Activated Sludge (flow-through) Digester Upgrade, Effluent Total Nitrogen, odor control Centralized solids handling, Effluent Ammonia & Total Nitrogen (Bioaug./cold) Centralized solids handling Effluent Total Nitrogen (Bioaug./storm-cold) Effluent Ammonia March 20, 2012 WATERCON

20 Phoenix 91 st Ave. Multi-Cities WWTP Upgrade to multi-phase digestion 1,300 mg NH 3 -N/L (27% of PE) 10 mg / L Total N effluent permit limit. H 2 S emission limit at property line March 20, 2012 WATERCON

21 91 st Ave. Multi-Cities Centrate Treatment Facility Source: Husband, J. et al, Water Science & Technology, vol. 61 n. 5, 2010 March 20, 2012 WATERCON

22 Solution: nitrify centrate to reduce recycle ammonia load March 20, 2012 WATERCON

23 st Avenue Multi-Cities WWTP Raw Vs. Pri Effl Ammonia (mg/l) CTF on-line 03/24/ Raw Ammonia (mg/l) Primary Effluent Ammonia (mg/l) H: 91 Monthly Averages.xls Source: Husband, J. et al, Water Science & Technology, vol. 61 n. 5, 2010 March 20, 2012 WATERCON

24 Gaseous H 2 S, ppm Solution: Discharge to headworks 45 to oxidize sulfides Centrate Treatment Off Average H 2 S - 12 ppm Maximum H 2 S - 32 ppm Centrate Treatment On Average H 2 S - 6 ppm Maximum H 2 S - 21 ppm Time Source: Husband, J. et al, Water Science & Technology, vol. 61 n. 5, 2010 March 20, 2012 WATERCON

25 Separate Treatment Full-scale Facility Capacity (mgd) Process NYC Ward s Island 230 SHARON HRSD York River Treatment Plant 15 DEMON ASA, Alexandria, VA 54 DEMON NYC 26 th Ward 85 ARP Drivers Total Nitrogen TMDL (Long Island Sound), centralized solids handling Total Nitrogen TMDL (Chesapeake Bay) Total Nitrogen TMDL (Chesapeake Bay) NYCDEP Nitrogen Control Plan (Jamaica Bay), centralized solids handling March 20, 2012 WATERCON

26 1 mole Nitrate (NO 3- ) Aerobic 25% O 2 40% Carbon Anoxic 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 75% O 2 60% Carbon 1 mole Ammonia (NH 3 / NH 4+ ) Nitrification / Denitrification 1/2 mole Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

27 1 mole Nitrate (NO 3- ) Aerobic 25% O 2 40% Carbon Anoxic 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 75% O 2 60% Carbon 1 mole Ammonia (NH 3 / NH 4+ ) Nitritation / Denitritation 1/2 mole Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

28 Nitrogen removal over nitrite Temperature D.O. ph March 20, 2012 WATERCON

29 Nitritation-Denitritation Continuous / no sludge retention (SHARON ) - 13 facilities SBR (B.A.B.E., STRASS) 2 facilities North America 1 SHARON (NYC) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

30 MeOH SHARON configurations Complete Mix Plug Flow Concentric March 20, 2012 WATERCON

31 WWTP Zwolle (NL) SHARON reactors 200,000 p.e. 160,000 gpd / 900 lbs. N / day 2 reactors -238,000 gal. / 119,000 gal. Source: Mulder, J.W., Duin, J., et al, Full-scale experience with the SHARON process through the March eyes 20, 2012 of the operators, WEFTEC WATERCON

32 SHARON operation Source: Mulder, J.W., Duin, J., et al, Full-scale experience with the SHARON process through the March eyes 20, 2012 of the operators, WEFTEC WATERCON

33 Aerobic 25% O 2 1 mole Nitrate (NO 3- ) Deammonification 40% Carbon Anoxic 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 1 mole Nitrite (NO 2- ) 75% O 2 60% Carbon 1 mole Ammonia (NH 3 / NH 4+ ) Anaerobic 1/2 mole Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

34 Deammonification SBR (DEMON ) 11 facilities MBBR 2 facilities Upflow granulation 7 facilities North America 2 (under construction) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

35 Alexandria Sanitation Authority AWTF Source: Johnson, T, et al, A Universal SBR Design Concept for Sidestream Nitrogen Removal, North Carolina AWWA-WEA 2010 Annual Conference.

36 WWTP Strass, Austria Source: Bernhard Wett, Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 No. 7, March 20, 2012 WATERCON

37 DEMON Operation Source: Bernhard Wett, Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 No. 7, March 20, 2012 WATERCON

38 DEMON energy Source: Bernhard Wett, Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 No. 7, March 20, 2012 WATERCON

39 Ammonia Stripping Air stripping 8 facilities Steam stripping 1 facility Vacuum distillation (ARP) 1 (under construction) March 20, 2012 WATERCON

40 ARP Courtesy of ThermoEnergy Corporation March 20, 2012 WATERCON

41 Costs Process Capital Cost N removed (lbs./day) SHARON - NYC $71.5 million 10,000 Integrated Treatment - Winnipeg $25 million 3,000 ARP - NYC $27 million 6,600 March 20, 2012 WATERCON

42 Robert Smith, P.E., BCEE, Ph.D. March 20, 2012 WATERCON