Florian Amlinger. Compost - Consulting & Development. and Josef Barth ECN. European Compost Network / ECN

Transcription

1 Composting - Austria Approaches and practice in decentralised composting - the Austrian model including agriculture Florian Amlinger Compost Consulting & Development, Austria and Josef Barth ECN BBC2- Riga 2008

2 Austrian Background

3 The Austrian Biowaste / Compost Provisions Roll-out of first pilot schemes 1986 Ordinance on the Separate Collection of Organic Waste 1992 Separate collection of organic waste mandatory Compost Ordinance.The 1 st END of WASTE Regulation 2001 Central Registration Quality requirements & Product certification & labelling State of the Art of Composting... Technical Guideline 2005 Environmental requirements for licensing and operation Good practice of composting Standard: Quality Assurance Systems for Compost Plants 2006 Operational quality management for composting plants Requirements and procedures for Quality Assurance Organisations

4 tonnes Development of Separately Collected Biowaste in Austria Biowaste Ordinance enacted Biowaste Ordinance set into force potential

5 Perugia08 Decentr The hierarchy of decentral biowaste management = the logical follow-up of the waste hierarchy Priority I As much individual composting as possible (home composting) Priority II Separate collection only complimentary Priority III Favouring Agricultural Composting

6 Decentralised Composting in Austria 8.7 mio inhabitants 16,000 Inhabitants per composting plant 539 composting plants Capacity 1.3 Mio t Average: 2,400 t > 90 % ~ 45 % = Open Windrow Composting

7 Compost Organisations in Austria Industrial Composting Plants Agricultural Composting Plants 300,000 t 16 plants 9 quality labels 300,000 t 280 Composting 84 Biogas pl. ~ 1,000 t/plant

8 kg/inh*y kg/inh*y MSW Total Municipal and Organic Waste Total: 1.5 Mio t organic waste 67 kg/inh*y Biowaste 116 kg/inh*y Green Waste 183 kg/inh*y Total Organic

9 The Decentralised Scheme

10 PRECONDITION = USER-FRIENDLY collections system at household - 15 liter paper or bioplastic bag liter bucket liter paper bag for fine garden waste 0,25 0,15

11 Collection of Biowaste

12 Benefits of small receptacle Faster pick-up and cheaper transport Lower amount of waste to be managed (avoids excess deliveries of garden waste) Home composting is enhanced Higher captures Possibility for more frequent collection of food waste Reduced frequency for collection of residual waste [grey dust bin]

13 Collection of garden waste at Civic Amenity sites / recycling Centres at the doorstep less frequent than food waste every 4 weeks 2 4 collection campaigns at the kerbside for bulky garden waste [bush and tree cuttings] Shredder service (2 x/ year & on demand) l Paper bags for fine garden waste (grass clippings / leaves) higher participation in home composting programmes

14 Collection of GARDEN WASTE e.g. for leaves 1,10

15 Bio-/Greenwaste is composted on farms

16 Example 1 - Full service by farmers

17 EXAMPLE 1: Composting Plants in Lower Austria Region 1.5 Mio Inhabitants 625,000 households 81 Composting Plants 18,500 Inh/plant 2,200 t Capacity /plant

18 How to define an Agricultural Composting Plant? Limitation of organic waste treatment for an Agricultural Composting Plant Agricultural land 20 ha Max. kg N / ha 175 Max. tons input 1,000

19 The important steps and key elements of the concept 1992: separate collection of organic waste became mandatory! Establishment of 24 Recycling Centres with 40 different waste types. Today they are used by 95% of the population : Establishment of the Agricultural Composting system with 20 composting plants

20 Investments total per ton 12 yrs 20 Plants 700,000. = 35,000.- / plant Mashinery 448,400. = 22,400.- / plant 8.84 Total 1,148,000. = 67,400.- / plant 2005 total Enlargement / packaging / screening 700,000. = 35,000 / plant per ton 10 yrs 8.75

21 Lower Austria: Success Figures Organic Waste Potential Kitchen Waste Garden Waste fine Garden Waste bulky Mass [Mg] 433, , , ,700 Factual recycling & collection % potential 36 % 25 % 39 % kg/inh Home Composting 223, % 149 Biowaste collection 124,700 Green waste bulky 59, % 122 Total 407, % 271 Compostables in grey bin 26,500 5 % 18

22 Don t waste compost - SELL IT - Quality Bulky / m³ per 40 l bags Kompost Market prices for compost 25 mm 40 /m³ mm 50 /m³ 4.50 Compost blend 50 /m³ 5 Turf soil 40 /m³ % customers favour a regional product

23 The rural employment argument Creation of an new income for farmers Strengthening employment and social stability in a rural district Total biowaste (03) kg/inhabitant * yr t 122 kg 650 t biowaste or 2000 households create 1 full working place = 12 working places in total

24 Example 2 - Farmers co-operate operate with waste management

25 EXAMPLE 2: Model City of Graz A public private farm partnership City's waste management company Private local waste collection companies 51 % 49 % Contract with farmers EBG 1 % 33 % 33 % 33 %

26 Map of Compost Farmers

27 The Graz Model Step 1: Collection & Pre-Treatment Collection Mixing & Homogenisation Preparing Green Waste Ready for Transport

28 The Graz Model Step 2: Delivery & Composting

29 Pre-Treatment The Graz Model... the CONTRACT Servus Abfall o Screening, metals & wind separation, mixing Sampling and analyses Take back of impurities Take back of low quality compost (< Class A ) Farmer 36 /ton + contracted quantity Limitation of other materials Responsibility for the process Records according to Compost Ordinance 4 external inspections by Quality Assurance Scheme Take over only of Quality Compost [= Class A ]

30 Concluding remarks Decentralised / Agricultural Composting Leads to short distances proximity principle Creates transparency, identification, rural income Guarantees recycling to agriculture. Keeps the system environmentally sound and cheap