Overview of the Current Situation in Egypt

Transcription

1 Overview of the Current Situation in Egypt 3 rd Regional Training. Djerba, Tunisia May, 2014

2 90 Million Egyptians live in: 222 Cities 4617 Villages

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4 Water Supply and Demand

5 Population growth and per capita water share in Egypt (m3/year) Due to population increase, calculations forecast / capita / year share of water will drop to be 670 m3 and 536 m3 by the years 2017 and 2025, respectively!!

6 Water Coverage 97% (217) مدن 100% 4617) ( قرى 95% 97%

7 Sanitation Coverage >95 % in Urban areas, < 15% in rural areas. 75 % rural population uses septic tanks

8 Water & Wastewater Sector 2013 Water Production Treated Wastewater Number of water treatment plants Number of wastewater treatment plants Water distribution networks Wastewater collection networks 25 million m 3 /day 12 million m 3 /day 2700 Plants 360 plants 146,000 km 40,000 km

9 Contamination Sources Discharging industrial wastewater in waterways Discharging untreated wastewater into drains Seepage from septic tanks into GW

10 Health problems In rural areas, due to water shortage, farmers pump water from drains, which contain untreated wastewater. This results in diseases such as Kidney failure, virus C and others.

11 Institutions Involved HCWW: Own, manage and operate W&WWTPS through 25 affiliated companies. CAPWO: Execution of water and wastewater projects in Cairo and Alexandria NOPWASD: Execution of water and wastewater projects in other governorates EWRA: Regulatory agency (Monitoring, Inspection & customer satisfaction) Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation Ministry of Health Ministry of Environment

12 Some Highlights Water is highly subsidized in Egypt. Cost of 1 cubic meter of treated water costs 150 piasters, and citizens only pay 23. Reuse of treated wastewater is an important resource (2.9 bcm yearly) Environmental laws and regulations are not enforced due to poor application of the polluter pays principle. No efficient cooperation or clear communication between the authorities (For example, unrealistic laws)

13 Zooming in on Rural Sanitation Rural sanitation coverage is less than 15%, which means that 40 million Egyptian citizens have no safe sanitation services (4700 villages & 30,000 scattered settlements ). The estimated amount of money required to fill this gap is about 12 billion US Dollar. Under the conventional solutions we need between 10 to 15 years to cover all villages with the sanitation service.

14 There are needs to: Rural Sanitation Stimulate community mobilization and social solidarity systems among the people in sanitation projects for rural villages Encourage private sector participation

15 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse The amount of collected wastewater is about 6.5 bcm/year 3.65 bcm/yr (Treated) 2.85 bcm/yr (not Treated) 20 % Primary (0.73BCM) 80% Secondry (2.92 BCM)

16 Uses of Treated Wastewater Irrigating forests ( الغابات الشجرية ) in all governorates and in desert areas close to WWTPs. (24 forests in 16 goverorates covering 11,195 feddans) Irrigating a green belt around Great Cairo (Cairo, Giza & Qaliubya) spanning a distance of 100 km and 25 m on the sides. Irrigating oil producing trees (Getrova, Jojoba and Castor oils) to produce biofuel as a renewable source of energy.

17 WW Reuse in Egypt: Constraints and Challenges Large-scale centralized treatment plants that produce large amounts of treated WW which cannot be used for irrigation. (Current standards and suggested modifications will be presented on Friday) Institutional set-up (inadequate communication and coordination among the authorities). Egyptian Code is too strict for cultivation of industrial & non-eaten raw crops (e.g. Cotton)

18 WW Reuse in Egypt: Opportunities About 37,000 hectare are available for WWR projects in different governorates. Irrigation water is available (59.8 bcm 78% of water demand) Land is available Trees will grow given the required water and nutrients **Proper management**

19 Thank you!

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