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1 Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association Webinar Sponsors 2 Please consider the environment before printing. 1

2 Webinar Moderator No Image Available Barbara Martin Interim Director of Engineering & Technical Services American Water Works Association With 20 years of experience in water and wastewater, Barbara Martin is currently serving as Interim Director of Engineering and Technical Services at the American Water Works Association. She has a BA in chemistry from Boston University and an MS in geochemistry from Colorado School of Mines, where her thesis research focused on the effect of constructed wetlands on disinfection by-products and their formation. Barbara has an MBA from Colorado State University and is a licensed drinking water operator in the State of Colorado. 3 Enhance Your Webinar Experience Close Programs Instant messengers Other programs not in use GoToWebinar Support 4 Please consider the environment before printing. 2

3 Webinar Survey Immediately upon closing the webinar Survey window opens Thank you 5 Products or Services The mention of specific products or services in this webinar does not represent AWWA endorsement AWWA does not endorse or approve products or services 6 Please consider the environment before printing. 3

4 Panel of Experts Rick Jacobson Division Engineer Loudoun Water Catherine Cogswell Compliance Manager Loudoun Water Francois Rodigari Director of Water Quality and Environmental Services San Jose Water Company Deborah Watkins Director Water Quality & Environmental Compliance Aqua America 7 I. Partnership for Safe Water Distribution System Optimization Agenda B. Martin (AWWA) II. III. Elements of Disinfectant Residual Control Loudoun County, Virginia A. Seidel (UGSI Solutions) R. Jacobson, C. Cogswell (Loudoun Water) IV. San Jose, California V. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania F. Rodigari (San Jose Water Company) D. Watkins (Aqua America) 8 Please consider the environment before printing. 4

5 Ask the Experts Rick Jacobson Catherine Cogswell Francois Rodigari Deborah Watkins Enter your question into the question pane at the lower right hand side of the screen. Please include your name and specify to whom you are addressing the question. 9 Partnership for Safe Water Partnership for Safe Water: Optimization and recognition program for drinking water utilities. To improve the quality of drinking water delivered to customers by optimizing water system operations. Two programs Treatment plant optimization Distribution system optimization 10 Please consider the environment before printing. 5

6 Distribution Program Optimization Parameters Disinfectant residual - Water quality integrity Free chlorine 0.20 and 4.0 mg/l Total chlorine 0.50 and 4.0 mg/l Both goals for 95% of samples from optimized sampling locations Main break frequency - Physical integrity Goal of <15 reported breaks and leaks per 100 miles of utility owned pipeline per year Pressure management - Hydraulic integrity Goals for minimum pressure (20psi, 99.5% of samples), maximum pressure (utility set), and pressure fluctuation (utility set) 11 Disinfectant Residual: Optimized Sampling Locations Optimized (high risk) sampling locations Finished water entry points and metering points to other systems Stage 1 and/or Stage 2 DBP sites IDSE or IDSE-type sites Downstream of storage facilities Upstream/downstream of boosters Low flow areas Unlined cast iron mains High HRT areas/other concerns Potential areas of mixing 12 Please consider the environment before printing. 6

7 Distribution Program Performance Improvement Variables Disinfectant Residual Cross-Connection Control Customer Complaints DBP Control Energy Management External Corrosion Control Flushing Hydrant and Valve Maintenance Internal Corrosion Control Main Breaks Nitrification Pipe Rehabilitation and Replacement Inorganic Accumulation Control Pressure Management Security and Online Monitoring Storage Tank O&M Water Age Management Water Loss Control Water Sampling and Response 13 Influence Diagram: Disinfectant Residual Customer Complaints DBP Compliance Nitrification Micro Compliance /Sampling Flushing Disinfection: Mains, Repairs Water Age Disinfectant Residual Storage Internal Corrosion Control Security Emergency Mgmt Post Precipitation Inorg Accum 14 Please consider the environment before printing. 7

8 Partnership Strategies Self-assessment and optimization Self-Assessment Category Disinfectant Residual Nitrification Chlorine and Chloramine Interaction Questions for Gauging Optimization Status Do disinfectant residual data meet the performance goals? Does the utility track sites that repeatedly have low disinfectant residuals? Are free ammonia, nitrite, and HPC tested routinely? Are action levels established? (and are procedures associated with these?) Are storage tanks monitored in areas lacking circulation? Are zone boundaries and dead ends monitored for nitrification? Does the system monitor and operate to minimize odors and other interaction by-products? Is free ammonia monitored where interaction may cause breakpoint issues? 15 Despite the benefits of THM control and persistence, chloramine disinfection has been problematic due to complexity in accurately managing NH 3 and chlorine dosage in distribution systems Introduction of ammonia can lead to nitrification as it is a nutrient to AOB s Over-chlorination can create chloramine variants which lead to taste and odor problems in drinking water (dichloramine and trichloramine) Low residual levels can also lead to costly mitigation efforts such as: Aggressive tank cycling Chlorine burns Water wasting or tank dumping Manual tank boosting Excessive sampling 16 Please consider the environment before printing. 8

9 Concentration (mg/l) 5:1 Cl 2 :NH 3 -N Chloramine Breakpoint Curve: Knowing where you are on the curve determines what action to take Ideal State of Chloramine Disinfection Cl 2 to NH 3 -N Ratio 17 Four criteria must be met for proper chloramine control in reservoirs: 1. Proper mixing to ensure a homogenous water body that will not stratify 2. Accurate dosing of ammonia and chlorine to ensure proper ratio given the position on the breakpoint curve 3. High energy mixing that ensures instantaneous reaction of introduced chemicals 4. Real-time monitoring and control logic to maintain or achieve equilibrium by responding to dynamic reservoir conditions 18 Please consider the environment before printing. 9

10 Moving water on the tank surface indicates active and energetic tank mixing chemical management is the most demanding mixing application San Jose Tank Surface Accurate dosing of ammonia and chlorine to ensure proper ratio given the position on the breakpoint curve NH 3 feed skid (LAS liquid ammonium sulfate) CL feed skid (Bulk Hypochlorite) 20 Please consider the environment before printing. 10

11 Chlorine Residual (ppm) 2 Energetic Mixing: introduced chemicals must react quickly to prevent hotspots or ineffective mono-chloramine yield Chlorine Residuals During Ammonia Dosing, Day 5 Free, Shark Sample Point Free, Rear Sample Point Ammonia Dosing Begins Total In a 6MG tank, after four hours after ammonia introduction free chlorine approaches zero as total chlorine (mono-chloramine) rises significantly :00 AM 9:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 21 Residual management requires real-time water analysis and dosing control to ensure a reservoir can maintain a disinfectant residual set-point Smart Controller Chloramine Residual Management Smart Analyzer 22 Please consider the environment before printing. 11

12 Ask the Experts Rick Jacobson Catherine Cogswell Francois Rodigari Deborah Watkins Enter your question into the question pane at the lower right hand side of the screen. Please include your name and specify to whom you are addressing the question. 23 Controlling Distribution System Nitrification through Better Monitoring and Using Emerging Technology Case Study #1 Rick Jacobson Division Engineer Loudoun Water Catherine Cogswell Compliance Manager 24 Please consider the environment before printing. 12

13 Agenda Loudoun Water System Review Introduction to PAX Residual Control System Review of LW Nitrification Monitoring Program Results of PAX RCS Pilot Lessons Learned Please consider the environment before printing. 13

14 510 Pressure Zone Pressure Zone 28 Please consider the environment before printing. 14

15 600 Pressure Zone 29 Fairfax Water Supply 30 Please consider the environment before printing. 15

16 LW Goose Creek Water Supply 31 Water Storage Tanks 32 Please consider the environment before printing. 16

17 PAX RCS Pilot PAX RCS Pilot Location 33 SCADA 34 Please consider the environment before printing. 17

18 Dulles South Tanks Dulles South chosen for the pilot: High water age Nitrification within tanks when both tanks were online Extreme nitrification within the surrounding distribution system resulting in significant manpower requirements for flushing and sampling 35 PAX System 36 Please consider the environment before printing. 18

19 Residual Chlorine Decay WTP 3.5 ppm Cl 2 decay 3.0 ppm WST 2.5 ppm Cl 2 decay Cl 2 Residual 0.5 ppm Customer 37 Residual Chlorine Decay with Rechloramination WTP 3.5 ppm Cl 2 decay 3.0 ppm WST 2.5 ppm PAX Cl 2 decay Cl 2 Residual 0.5 ppm + PAX Cl 2 Residual 0.5 ppm Customer 38 Please consider the environment before printing. 19

20 PAX Ammonia Feed Skid Two pumps; diaphragm and peristaltic 3/8 tubing runs to the bowl to a twenty foot depth directly above mixer; terminates with weighted pinch valve Chlorine and Ammonia skids are identical 39 Smart Controller Home Screen Identifies general conditions of the RCS and WST Anything past this screen requires login /password 40 Please consider the environment before printing. 20

21 Smart Controller Set Point Screen Password protected Set the max / min chlorine residual target Set the target chlorine / ammonia ratio Set feed pump flow rate Choose between chloramine and free chlorine 41 Daily Graph 42 Please consider the environment before printing. 21

22 Smart Controller Alarm Configuration Many alarm configurations available Active and severe alarms sent via text, can also be sent via Severe alarms will turn pumps off, WST reverts to before RCS status 43 Water Quality Station (WQS) Display shows total chlorine residual, ph, ORP, temperature, and flow rate through WQS. 15 minute travel time from bowl to WQS. Ability to calibrate ph and chlorine probes. 44 Please consider the environment before printing. 22

23 Total Chlorine During RCS Trial 45 Total Chlorine During RCS Trial 46 Please consider the environment before printing. 23

24 History of Nitrification Monitoring Concerns with chlorine residual in tanks and distribution system Identified nitrification as most likely cause Winter Spring 2013 Research / Discussion with other utilities Develop Nitrification Monitoring Plan July 2013 Begin Nitrification Monitoring 2014 Purchase Goose Creek, no more mixing zones One Dulles South Tank taken offline Reevaluate Distribution System Sampling Points 2015 Reevaluate Sampling Frequency Please consider the environment before printing. 24

25 49 50 Please consider the environment before printing. 25

26 51 Nitrification Parameters and Sampling Schedule Tank Temperature Weekly or 2x Weekly and on SCADA Distribution Temperature Weekly or 2x Weekly Free Chlorine Weekly or 2x Weekly Monochloramine Weekly or 2x Weekly Total Chlorine Weekly or 2x Weekly and on SCADA Nitrite Weekly or 2x Weekly Free Ammonia Weekly or 2x Weekly Total Ammonia Weekly or 2x Weekly Nitrate Monthly HPC Monthly 52 Please consider the environment before printing. 26

27 16-Jun 18-Jun 23-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 2-Jul 7-Jul 9-Jul 14-Jul 16-Jul 21-Jul 23-Jul 28-Jul 30-Jul 4-Aug 6-Aug 11-Aug 13-Aug 18-Aug 20-Aug 25-Aug 27-Aug 1-Sep 3-Sep 8-Sep 10-Sep 15-Sep 17-Sep 22-Sep 24-Sep 29-Sep 6-Oct 8-Oct 13-Oct 20-Oct 2-Nov Dulles South Year over Year Total Chlorine, ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm - Dulles 2015 South Year over Year Please consider the environment before printing. 27

28 15-Jun 18-Jun 22-Jun 25-Jun 29-Jun 2-Jul 6-Jul 9-Jul 13-Jul 16-Jul 20-Jul 23-Jul 27-Jul 30-Jul 3-Aug 6-Aug 10-Aug 13-Aug 17-Aug 20-Aug 24-Aug 27-Aug 31-Aug 3-Sep 8-Sep 10-Sep 14-Sep 17-Sep 21-Sep 24-Sep 28-Sep 1-Oct 5-Oct 8-Oct 13-Oct 19-Oct 22-Oct 26-Oct 29-Oct 2-Nov Dulles South Year over Year Total Chlorine, ppm Total Chlorine, ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Dulles Free South Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Year over Year Aldie Springs Year over Year 3.5 Total Chlorine, ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Please consider the environment before printing. 28

29 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 13-Jul 15-Jul 16-Jul 20-Jul 23-Jul 27-Jul 30-Jul 3-Aug 4-Aug 6-Aug 10-Aug 13-Aug 17-Aug 20-Aug 24-Aug 27-Aug 31-Aug 3-Sep 8-Sep 10-Sep 14-Sep 21-Sep 24-Sep 28-Sep 1-Oct 5-Oct 8-Oct 13-Oct 19-Oct 22-Oct 26-Oct 29-Oct 2-Nov Aldie Springs Year over Year Total Chlorine, ppm Total Chlorine, ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Glen Meadow Year over Year Total Chlorine, ppm Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Glen Meadow Year over Year Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Please consider the environment before printing. 29

30 3.5 Glen Meadow Year over Year Total Chlorine, ppm Total Chlorine, ppm Glen Nitrite (NO2-N) Meadow, ppm Year over Year Nitrite (NO2-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm Free Ammonia (NO3-N), ppm PAX RCS Pilot Statistics June 16 thru December 6, 2016 June 21 switchover from Free Chlorine to Combined Chlorine WST Chlorine Residual Target ppm Free Ammonia Target ppm Nitrite Target less than ppm Lowest Chlorine Residual 1.10 ppm Highest Chlorine Residual 3.78 ppm Chemical Usage / Cost Ammonium Sulfate 600 gallons, $2,800 Sodium Hypochlorite, 12.5% gallons, $14,300 Average Chemical Cost per Day = $97.00 Peak Chemical Cost per Day = $ Please consider the environment before printing. 30

31 PAX Pilot Observations/Lessons Learned Equipment: The PAX Smart Controller and Water Quality Station equipment was reliable and accurate. The PAX alarm capabilities were excellent. We received text messages for all alarms. The equipment shutdown if specific conditions were met. Recommend system be incorporated in utility s SCADA system. For chemical addition to storage tanks consider the PAX Series 500 versus Series 400 mixers (dependent on tank size). 61 PAX Pilot Observations/Lessons Learned Chemical Set-points: The PAX RCS maintained residual chlorine levels consistent with target. On average we were able to maintain residuals within 0.2 ppm of the target. The ability to adjust ammonia feed rates based on ammonia levels in the storage tank. Chemical Usage: For our pilot study, there appeared to be a correlation between water and air temperatures, and chlorine demand in the WST. Chlorine demand increased as water and air temperatures rose and fell as water and air temperatures declined. This was particularly evident when air temperatures hovered above 95 degrees for two or more days. 62 Please consider the environment before printing. 31

32 PAX RCS Pilot Observations/Lessons Learned The Role of High Water Quality: As the pilot progressed, we became less concerned if the tank did not meet our daily drafting goal because we could maintain a good chlorine residual, and control ammonia and nitrite levels. Throughout the pilot we saved significant labor, time and water because we were able to maintain good water quality parameters, i.e. chlorine residual, ammonia, and nitrite levels throughout the distribution system. Have consistent water quality testing protocol and equipment. We used the Hach SL1000 and Chemkeys. Overall, the pilot was a great success. 63 Thank You ccogswell@loudounwater.org rjacobson@loudounwater.org 64 Please consider the environment before printing. 32

33 Ask the Experts Rick Jacobson Catherine Cogswell Francois Rodigari Deborah Watkins Enter your question into the question pane at the lower right hand side of the screen. Please include your name and specify to whom you are addressing the question. 65 Improving Disinfectant Residuals in SJWC s Distribution System Case Study #2 Francois Rodigari Director of Water Quality and Environmental Services San Jose Water Company 66 Please consider the environment before printing. 33

34 Rationale Distribution System Case Study will provide data and potential solutions to chronic and systemic low residuals challenges. Presentation will share approach taken by San Jose Water Company (SJWC) to define and begin solving low residuals problems in its Distribution System. 67 Learning Objectives Participants will be provided with tools to identify and solve chronic and systemic low residuals in tanks and reservoirs. 68 Please consider the environment before printing. 34

35 Agenda Assessing residual in SJWC s tanks and reservoirs Low hanging fruits in improving residuals in tanks and reservoirs Identifying strategic locations in distribution system for residual boosting Deploying manual and automated boosting in tanks and reservoirs 69 Partnership Role in Addressing Low Residuals Provided rationale to collect and analyze more data Provided actionable minimum residuals goals: >=0.2 mg/l free chlorine >=0.5 mg/l chloramine 70 Please consider the environment before printing. 35

36 Main Takeaways from Partnership Assessment Document procedures in assessing main breaks and taking corrective actions (C651-14). Deploy a Distribution System pressure monitoring network. Enhance chlorine residuals monitoring and implement corrective actions. 71 TCR Disinfectant Residuals SJWC is in compliance with regulatory requirements (Total Coliform Rule sample taps monitoring). 72 Please consider the environment before printing. 36

37 # of Samples/Month % TC positives TCR Compliance Samples Compliance samples do not fully reflect three positive Coliform episodes related to Main Replacement Program Ongoing mains replacement of 24 miles/year (1%). One episode linked to main replacement resulted in Boil Water Notice TCR Compliance Data % TC Positive # of Samples/Month Tanks Disinfectant Residuals Analysis of tanks residuals indicates a chronic challenge in maintaining residuals in tanks at periphery of distribution system. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% % Tanks Meeting Partnership Goals 0% Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Free Chlorine Tanks (% >=0.2 mg/l) Monochloramine Tanks (% >=0.5 mg/l) All Tanks 74 Please consider the environment before printing. 37

38 Low Hanging Fruits Forced turnover of Tanks and Reservoirs through: - WQ Mode (Fill cycles based on water levels rather than energy efficiency) - SCADA activated zone splitting - Eliminated redundant storage by taking tanks and reservoirs out of service Chlorine/Chloramine blending reductions through operational changes 75 Ongoing System Monitoring & Analysis Free and Total chlorine for all TCR samples Weekly Measurement at all 100 tanks of: Total Chlorine Residual Monochloramine Ammonia Nitrite (NO 2 -N) 76 Please consider the environment before printing. 38

39 Monochloramine [mg/l] NH 2 Cl (mg/l) Strategic Location Boosting Performed decay curves studies on tanks influent and effluent. No nitrification in most influent samples. Limited nitrifying bacteria in influent Nitrification occurs within the tanks Regnart Canyon - Dosed 2.43 Regnart Canyon - Dosed 3.05 Influent Effluent Days Representative Treatment Plant Effluent Distribution retention time Identifying Strategic Locations for Boosting 78 Please consider the environment before printing. 39

40 Focus Tanks/Reservoirs Focus tanks did not include: Free chlorinated tanks Tanks out of operation Tanks that will be retired by 2018 Tanks downstream of existing or planned chlorine boosting systems 79 Selected Locations Identified need for nineteen automated boosting stations Three in service 80 Please consider the environment before printing. 40

41 Monochloramine (mg/l) First Strategic Location In Service 81 Positive Results from Automated Boosting System Miguelito s boosting benefits the Alum Rock and Crothers Tanks Miguelito ( MG) - Alum Rock (1 MG) - Crothers Lift (0.42 MG) Miguelito 1 Crothers Alum Rock 3 82 Please consider the environment before printing. 41

42 Efficient Mixing and Manual Boosting Needed to Complement Boosting Identified need for installing mixing and efficient manual boosting at all SJWC tanks Five ChemLockers in Service Mixing will include online Total Chlorine Monitoring through SCADA 83 Summary Chloraminated distribution systems require extensive routine monitoring of nitrification indicators. Optimization of disinfectant residuals in Tanks and Reservoir is likely to require a multifaceted approach. Actions to improve residuals include operational changes and capital investments. 84 Please consider the environment before printing. 42

43 Ask the Experts Rick Jacobson Catherine Cogswell Francois Rodigari Deborah Watkins Enter your question into the question pane at the lower right hand side of the screen. Please include your name and specify to whom you are addressing the question. 85 Improving Disinfectant Residuals in Aqua Pennsylvania s Distribution System in Southeast PA Case Study #3 Deborah Watkins Director Water Quality & Environmental Compliance Aqua America 86 Please consider the environment before printing. 43

44 Aqua Pennsylvania: 12MG Hillside Tank with consistently low residuals in warm weather has large influence on local distribution network in southeastern Pennsylvania In September 2015, the residual at the Hillside Tank was severely challenged with chronically low residuals Monoclor RCS pilot trailer was installed to test: Maintenance of residual Impact on distribution network Overall operating costs 87 Aqua Pennsylvania Monoclor RCS pilot trailer ran for two months and maintained desired chloramine residual through a seasonal water change Monoclor RCS trailer was installed during the 1 st week of Sept. (not an insignificant feat in a 120 foot tank) After running mixing and chemical addition for one week with little effect - tank taken to break-point to satisfy tank s existing chlorine demand In four days, the residuals steadily climbed from less than 0.5 ppm to above 1.5 ppm which was maintained through November 10 th 88 Please consider the environment before printing. 44

45 Challenged by significant tank flows, the 40 PPD (equivalent chlorine) Monoclor RCS was able to maintain > 1.5ppm set-point in the 12 MG tank for the 60 day trial period Chemical Feed Turned On Tank Taken to Break-Point Chloramine Residual Set-Point Maintained Sept 3 to Sept 17 Sept 17 to Oct 1 89 Residual control equipment was installed in a building on-site capacity of 100 PPD chlorine feed with on-site hypochlorite generation Chemical Feed Building Chemical Feed Skid On-Site Hypochlorite Generator 90 Please consider the environment before printing. 45

46 Control of reservoir residual levels allows for methodical improvement in system-wide water quality Lessons Learned Very challenging 12 MG tank chosen with consistently low residuals - pilot system tapped-out at 1.5ppm production system would require PPD OSHG versus the 40 PPD in the pilot Positively affected (4) other significant tanks with 9 MG of total storage Positively affected water quality in densely populated area local residuals increased and remained elevated Previous operating costs were $2,000- $3,000 per tank per chlorination boost 91 Ask the Experts Rick Jacobson Catherine Cogswell Francois Rodigari Deborah Watkins Enter your question into the question pane at the lower right hand side of the screen. Please include your name and specify to whom you are addressing the question. 92 Please consider the environment before printing. 46

47 Bookstore Resources M20 Water Chlorination and Chloramination Practices and Principles, Second Edition Catalog No: Water Treatment Plant Residuals Pocket Field Guide Catalog No: M56 Nitrification Prevention and Control in Drinking Water, Second Edition Catalog No: E 93 Upcoming Webinars May 3 Foundations in Water Loss: Improving Customer Relations Through Advanced Metering Infrastructure May 17 - Community Engineering Corps: Using Volunteer Expertise to Make an Impact in Small Systems May 23 - AQUA RATES PLANNER, An Entire Financial Plan Including Rates On Demand, Sponsored by Capital Objects Register for a 2017 Webinar Bundle Individual Full Year Group Full Year 94 Please consider the environment before printing. 47

48 Upcoming Conferences Register Online at: 95 Thank You for Joining AWWA s Webinar As part of your registration, you are entitled to an additional 30-day archive access of today s program. Until next time, keep the water safe and secure. 96 Please consider the environment before printing. 48

49 Presenter Biography Information Rick received his Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from the University of North Dakota. Rick is a Professional Engineer in Virginia and has 33 years of experience in the water and wastewater industry. He has been with Loudoun Water for 31 years and is involved with design, planning, operations and maintenance activities. Cathy received her Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from Virginia Tech, where she was also a member of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets. Following graduation, Cathy spent 7 years at a contract research organization as laboratory supervisor and toxicologist before coming on-board with Loudoun Water. In 2014, Cathy was promoted to Compliance Manager, where she has focused her efforts on drinking water, reclaimed water, and wastewater sampling programs, distribution system water quality, and customer service. Francois Rodigari is the Director of Water Quality and Environmental Services at San Jose Water Company. He has worked at EBMUD, Northern Testing Laboratories, and the Alaska Health Project and has a Master of Science degree in Environmental Quality Engineering from the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Ms. Deborah Watkins, P.E. serves as the Director of Environmental Compliance at Aqua America. She has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Bucknell University and an M.S. in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering from Villanova University. Her responsibilities at Aqua America involve overseeing water quality and regulatory compliance. 97 CE Credits (CEUs) and Professional Development Hours (PDHs) AWWA awards webinar attendees CEUs. If you wish to take advantage of the opportunity to earn CEUs, visit Certificates will be available within 30 days of the webinar 98 Please consider the environment before printing. 49

50 How To Print Your CEU Certificate of Completion Within 30 days of the webinar, login to or register on the website. If you are having problems, please Once logged in, go to: My Account My Transcript Information To print your official transcript, click Print list To print certificates, click Download certificate Webinar Sponsors 100 Please consider the environment before printing. 50