A trial of Sustainable Remediation or Green Remediation in Japan and the Japan-specific Problems

Transcription

1 A trial of Sustainable Remediation or Green Remediation in Japan and the Japan-specific Problems Yasuhide Furukawa*, Tetsuo Yasutaka #, Makoto Nakashimaʻ Tetsuro Satouʻ, Keisuke Ohmura Takenaka corporation*, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)#, Kokusai kogyo corporationʻ, Takenaka Civil Engineering & Construction April 27, 2016, Stream 5: Stakeholder and/or Aboriginal Engagement.

2 Outline! Situation of soil contamination and market in Japan! History for sustainable remediation in Japan! Green remediation tool in Japan! Case study of sustainable remediation in Japan

3 Remediation Market in Japan Market (Billion Yen) Fiscal year Countermeasure Investigation Searched by (GEPC)

4 Situation of Japan Cost based approach Sustainable based approach Risk based approach J P U S E U U K A N Z

5 New Problems (Japan Specific) Tokyo Olympic Paralympic Over 1 million tons of contaminated soil including natural heavy metals to be cleaned up in 3 years New railway system Linear Motor Car Lines About 10 million tons of contaminated soil and rock with natural heavy metals to be cleaned up in 15 years We need a more rational approach

6 Outline! Situation of soil contamination and market! History for sustainable remediation in Japan! Green remediation tool in Japan! Case study of sustainable remediation in Japan

7 History in Japan Now: Ministry of the Environment Annual Grant for new technique, Low-cost and Low Environmental Burden 2011:GEPC Released Green remediation tool (only CO 2 ) March 2015: Tokyo Metropolitan Government and AIST Green remediation Guideline Pre-Green remediation tool (calculate about 130 environmental burden) Oct :Sustainable remediation workshop by AIST Feb :Established Sustainable Remediation Consortium by AIST

8 Green Remediation Guideline Pages: 93, March 2015 Tokyo Metropolitan Government and AIST 1.Introduction 2.Review of environmental load assessment 3.Methods of environmental load assessment for soil remediation 4.Conclusion In Japanese 5.References

9 Oct. 2015, Sustainable Remediation Workshop Land owner 2 Banker 2 Policy maker 2 Academic 3 Real estate developer 2 Environmental consultant 2 Main contractor 3 Topics Necessity to promote SR Necessity to have organization in Japan Participation in international groups

10 Opinions of Stake Holders at Workshop! Bankers ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) investment will be an important keyword. Sustainable remediation can be a chance for long-term investment! Real estate developers Don t care the process of site remediation, but look forward the end situation.! Land owners Water quality has been more important than the quality of soil. Sustainable Remediation Consortium to discuss these issues. International connection is also needed.

11 Sustainable Remediation Consortium and SuRF-JP SuRF- ANZ SuRF- UK SuRF- NL SuRF- US SuRF- Colombia SuRF- Canada SuRF- Taiwan SuRF- Brazil SuRF- Italy SuRF- JP? In 2016 AIST(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) established Sustainable Remediation Consortium in Feb (Chair, Tetsuo Yasutaka, AIST) Sustainable Remediation Consortium, JAPAN

12 Outline! Situation of soil contamination and market in Japan! History for sustainable remediation in Japan! Green remediation tool in Japan! Case study of sustainable remediation in Japan

13 Green Remediation Tool by Tokyo Metropolitan Government and AIST Subjected countermeasure methods Input parameter 19 countermeasure methods 12 for VOC and 14 for Heavy metals Minimum 20 input parameters Maximum over300 input parameters Inventory Calculatio n Software The number of target inventories(co 2, etc ) Source of Data Calculating methods of environmental Burden Integration method About 130 inventories Mainly based Milca (Multiple Interface Life Cycle Assessment, JEMAI, Japan) Multiplying Amount of ac+vi+es and Specific consump+on unit. LIME2 (Life-cycle Impact Assessment Method based on Endpoint Modeling, JEMAI and AIST, Japan) Excel base program (Now only in Japanese) Yasutaka T. et al (2016), Development of a green remediation tool in Japan. Science of The Total Environment Tokyo metropolitan government and AIST (2015), The guideline of Green remediation JAPAN.

14 Example for Calculation by GR Tool of Tokyo Metropolitan A contaminated site: 100 m (length) x 300 m (width) x 3 m (depth) 50m 30,000 m 2 3m 3m Asphalt capping Contaminant in soil: heavy metal, arsenic and lead 5m groundwater low-permeable layer 10m 1. Excavation and landfill 2. Excavation and Reuse for cement 3. Excavation and Soil washing 4. In-site insolubilization 5. In-site containment Yasutaka T., et.al. Science of The Total Environment

15 Outline of the Calculation Calculating external environmental burden Amount of activities Material and Energy Remediation Process In situ process Ex situ process Waste Revised COCALA model by GEPC Specific consumption unit Revised Milca Database by JAMEI Output Energy Electrical:kWh Gasoline:L Material Sand:kg Iron :kg Waste:kg etc Output1 Inventory:130 PM10 C6-Alkylbenzene TCDD Lead CH4 CO2 SO2 SOx NO2 N2O NOx Total N Total P NMVOC Waste Copper Fe Oil Natural gas Using LIME2 concept Effect category Urban area air pollution Indoor air contamination Toxic chemicals Noise Ozone layer destruction Global warming Photochemical oxidant Biological toxicity Acidification Eutrophication Waste Land use Mineral resources consumption Fossil fuel consumption Forest resources consumption Output2 Integration Single Index Yen

16 Example of Calculation : the amount of 8 main inventories: Environmental Pollutant Evacation and landfill Evacation and cement CO2 PM10 SOx Nox Evacation and washing insolubilization Containment Resource consumption Oil E-13 t t Iron t Sand t Waste Evacation and landfill Evacation and cement Evacation and washing insolubilization Containment t t t Easy comparison of selected countermeasure methods Yasutaka T. AquaConSoil 2015 t

17 Outline! Situation of soil contamination and market in Japan! History for sustainable remediation in Japan! Green remediation tool in Japan! Case study of sustainable remediation in Japan

18 Case study of Sustainable Remediation Step1:Site assessment Model site Step2:Setting the system boundaries Step3:Selection of output parameters Step4:Calculation of output parameters *1 Step5:Comparison *1 Japan environmental management association for industry, 2014, MiLCA guide book, MiLCAguidebook_En.pdf

19 Output Parameters in This Study Categories Sub-categories (SuRF UK framework) In this study Output parameter Environmen tal Social Economic Impacts on air Considered SO x, NO x Impacts on soil Considered Residual CVOC Impacts on water Considered Water volume Impacts on ecology - - Use of natural resources and generation of wastes Considered CO 2 Intrusiveness - - Impacts on human health and safety Considered Worker safety Ethical and equity consideration - - Impacts on neighbourhoods or regions Considered Noise Community involvement and community satisfaction - - Compliance with policy objectives and strategies - - Uncertainty and evidence - - Direct economic costs and benefits Considered Technical cost Indirect economic costs and benefits - - Employment and human capital gain Considered Work time Gearing - - Life-span and Project risks - - Project flexibility - -

20 Considered Techniques Boring for pump and treat Automatic injections and pumping used in the anaerobic bioremediation system Pump and treat with solar panel The sand filter device with electric heater used in the thermally enhanced bioremediation

21 Considered Techniques Examples of System Boundaries Production of boring machine Installation Boring Pump and treat Removal Disposal of machine :Not accounted :Accounted :Not accounted :Accounted Production of well pipe Production of AC Water treatment Aeration Disposal of AC Disposal of well Drainage Production of boring machine Installation Boring Pump and treat Removal Disposal of machine Production of solar panel Production of AC Water treatment Aeration Disposal Production of well pipe Drainage A: Pump and treat B: Pump and treat with solar panel

22 Carbon dioxide emissions (t) Environment Emissions (kg) 3,000 2,000 1, , Result of Case Study A B C D E SOx emissions kg NOx emissions kg PM10 emissions kg 0 A B C D E A :Pump and treat C :Anaerobic bioremediation E :Thermally enhanced bioremediation 1.E-10 8.E-11 6.E-11 4.E-11 2.E-11 PM10 emissions (kg) Risk of traffic accident (number of accident) Cost (thousand Yen) , , , ,000 A B C D E 0.E+00 0 A B C D E B :Pump and treat with solar-powered pumps D :Anaerobic bioremediation with automatic systems Possible to apply SuRF-UK framework to Japan s situation

23 Conclusion Stakeholders meetings " We need more rational approach " ESG investment will be important " International connection will be important " Can sustainable remediation influence land value? " What kind of incentive is suitable for sustainable remediation? Technical " SR tool has many parameter Choose important parameters " Can parameter of the social category be quantitative?

24 Contact Yasuhide Furukawa, Chief researcher, Takenaka corporation Experts ISO/TC190/SC7 WG12 A board member of Sustainable remediation consortium Tetsuo Yasutaka, Chief researcher, :National institute of advanced industrial science and technology Chair of Sustainable remediation consortium t.yasutaka@aist.go.jp

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27 Another key factors! Key word Sustainability has been accepted in other sectors. (For example CASBEE)! Chance to set up new factories in foreign countries! Pressure by requiring information disclosure! Standard in ISO Start discussion on Green remediation or Sustainable remediation