RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FROM A HYDROCARBON PRODUCER PERSPECTIVE. Technical Expert Meeting March 11, 2014

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1 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES FROM A HYDROCARBON PRODUCER PERSPECTIVE Technical Expert Meeting March 11, 2014

2 UNDERSTANDING THE NATIONAL CONTEXT National Circumstances E.g. Geographical and biological features, human systems, social and economic circumstances and vulnerabilities.. Rapid urbanization and industrial development Population growth at an annual rate of 3.2% ( ) The population of Saudi Arabia is approximately 26,534, years: 28.8% years: 68.2% 65 years and over: 3%

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5 PRIORITIES AND GOALS OF 9 TH NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2024) Towards sustainable development Economic diversification Employment, HR development and Jobs creation Adapting to adverse impacts of response measures Addressing water resources and water security issues Adaptatng to climate change (Natural disasters 15% of National GDP) Combating desertification New sector such as tourism Support small and medium size enterprises Investment in development of technologies and R&D Communication and IT industries Building a knowledge economy

6 DECISION 24/CP.18 current actions and plans in pursuit of economic diversification that have co-benefits in the form of emission reductions, adaptation to the impacts of climate change and response measures Adapting to climate change Adapting to the impact of response measures Economic diversification

7 ENERGY MIX Plausible energy mix criteria: Complements hydrocarbons profile Sustainability Economic viability Technical feasibility Enabling of further development Must deliver the required capacity both cost-effectively and in a timely fashion

8 NATIONAL CENTER AND ENTITIES KACARE (King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy) KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) KFUPM (King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals) KACST (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology) Saudi Aramco SABIC S a b i KAUST KACST KFUPM S Aramco

9 KACARE Technology Assessment and Market Intelligence Finalizing the R&D Agenda Finalizing Procurement Model National Renewable Resource Monitoring and Mapping Program Renewable Grid Integration Studies and Activities

10 POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGY CHOICES FOR SAUDI ARABIA PROFILE Solar Potential to complement hydrocarbons for household day demand and water desalination Wind Potential to complement hydrocarbons for water desalination Geothermal in research phase

11 Renewables Pilot Projects Examples Khafji KAUST FARSAN ISLAND AL-MDRA 10.5 MW Commissioned 500kW Commissioned

12 Solar Technology Assessment Technology Assessment Collaboration with National & International Entities 30 VENDORS DHAHRAN SOLAR TEST FIELD

13 Solar Challenges Effect of High Temperature PV module efficiency decrease from 11.6% to 10.4% when module temperature increased from 38 C to 48 C, which corresponds to 10.3% losses in efficiency Effect of Dust and Sandstorms Long period of PV module exposure to real outdoor conditions gradually decreases power output if no cleaning is performed to remove the dust to more than 50% power output reduction Studies found that a single dust storm in the month of March decreases the power output by 80% for all modules The Effect of Humidity When the temperature or relative humidity increases, PV efficiency decreases by 50% higher than the impact of temperature

14 Geothermal Technology Assessment Too Cold Geothermal Mapping No Aquifer Uninhabited High Enthalpy

15 CHALLENGES SUMMARY Added pressure on scares water resources (required for cleaning and cooling etc) Very high Capital, operational and maintenance cost Reduction in efficiency problems (due to dust, sandstorms, humidity, high temperature and other factors) Required development and enhancement of R&D in kingdom which involves the need for capacity building Access to suitable technologies and technology dissemination barriers (patent and IPR) Reliability Grid network and connections issues Fiscal burden on Countries to support renewables

16 TAKE AWAY MESSAGES Renewable technology options and policy choices must: Be nationally defined according to development priorities Be nationally sound for: Adaptation with co-benefit of mitigation Sustainable development with co-benefit of mitigation Create a sustainable economic sector Complements hydrocarbons profile Contribute to job creation, growth and sustainable development goals Need of developing Countries for technical expertise and access to suitable technologies

17 SEEKING ANSWERS How can the work on technology under the Convention address differences in national circumstances resulting in different needs? How can we enhance collaboration under the Convention? How to help Countries design policies and technologies options to answer their domestic priorities? What is the Convention doing to bring renewable technologies to sustainability? How will the new agreement and the ADP process help out in addressing technology issues? How to bridge the gap between immediate investors interest and national social and economic goals?

18 CONTINUE SEEKING ANSWERS How will the work on adverse impacts of response measures create the ability to assess those impacts and explore technology options to alleviate them? How to provide capacity building in preparing TNAs to address national energy requirements? How effective is the current mechanism under the Convention in addressing these issues? How can the Convention help with creation of the required enabling environment from the investor side (policies and barriers)?