SOUTH SUDAN COUNTRY PROFILE Prepared for the 2012 Sanitation and Water for All High Level Meeting*

Transcription

1 * Determinant Sanitation Drinking-water Sufficient financing 5 5 Aging infrastructure 5 3 Environmental quality 5 3 Policy and institutions 4 4 Human resources 4 5 Regulation 4 4 Water quality 3 3 Internal conflict /fragility 3 5 Water resources 2 2 Climate change low impact, 5 - high impact Figure 1 - Determinants for sustaining achievements and progress Demographic and Economic Statistics Population (2010) a 8,3 million population (2010) a 1,4 million population (2010) a 6,9 million Annual average population growth ( ) a 2.80% Gross national income per capita (2009) b 90 USD Health Statistics Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2009) c 102 Under 5 mortality rate per 1,000 live births (2009) c 135 Healthy life expectancy at birth, male/female (2009) c 42 Number of deaths due to WASH related disease or injury (2004) d Percentage of deaths due to WASH related disease or injury (2004) d Sanitation and Drinking-water Statistics Use of improved sanitation (2011) f 15% Use of drinking-water from improved source (2011) f 35% Coverage of sanitation facilities in schools and hospitals g Primary schools, urban/rural (2010) 47.9 Secondary schools, urban/rural (2010) 75.6% Hospitals, urban/rural (2010) Healthcare centres/clinics, urban/rural (2010) - (a) World Population Prospects, UN Population Division; (b) World Development Indicators, World Bank; (c) World Health Statistics, World Health Organization (WHO); (d) Safer Water, Better Health, WHO; (e) WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme; (f); South Sudan Development Plan; (g) National data Progress towards Millennium Development Goals Estimated year national drinking water target will be reached urban/40 rural * Unless otherwise noted, the primary source of data for this profile is South Sudan's response to the 2011 Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) questionnaire 1

2 Overview of Sanitation and Drinking-water Status The recent political history in South Sudan is characterised by the circumstances of more than twenty years of civil war, gross underdevelopment, an acute lack of social services and instability caused by high population displacement and competing sedentary and pastoralist livelihoods. Hence, providing stability in rural and peri-urban areas, and allowing for establishment of new services and creation of development opportunities are major priorities in view of the high number of people returning. The overall population density in South Sudan is low, though State/County administrative centres and emerging roadside settlements are experiencing rapid growth spurred by the return of an estimated 2 million South Sudanese from the North of Sudan and the Diaspora. In the WASH Sector, MWRI leads the development of policies, strategies, guidelines, regulations and standards; in addition to coordination of other regional, national, bilateral and donor group projects. Thus, MWRI is to ensure coordinated development and management of water resources on the one hand, and provision and sustainability of safe water and improved sanitation services on the other. Overall, the responsibility for operating and managing the facilities and delivering of services lies with the State and County levels of Government. Water Corporation (UWC) provides urban water services where it operates, while urban sanitation remains the responsibility of the Directorate of Sanitation in the Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning (MHPP). Although current access rates (35% for safe water, 14.6% for improved sanitation) indicate that a large part of the population is still in dire need of services and that South Sudan is off track for the attainment of the MDG targets for water and sanitation, significant improvements have been achieved in the last years. Indeed, the government and development partners in the WASH sector are engaged in rehabilitation, upgrading and construction of critical water and sanitation infrastructure, which will have an impact on improving availability of fresh water and provision of safe water and sanitation services to the people of South Sudan, especially in pastoralist migratoy routes and Guinea Worm endemic areas. Furthermore, water quality laboratories are under establishment in Juba and the other 9 state capitals; and so is a national WASH training, service and research centre. Besides infrastructureprovision, development partners support also creation of an enabling environment for sustainable infrastructure development by providing extensive assistance to policy and strategy development, in addition to capacity building. Under the lead of MWRI and with the support of development partners, the Water Policy was passed in 2009 and the WASH Sector Strategic Framework was adopted in This process will be followed with the establishment of coherent legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks on the one hand, and the development of WASH Sub-Sector Action Plans and Investment Plans on the other. Notwithstanding the focus on development rather than emergency, the need to maintain life-saving humanitarian assistance to ensure access to safe water supply, improved sanitation and hygiene practices within zones of insecurity is essential. In this regards, the WASH Cluster partners are urged to coordinate their efforts more closely with MWRI and State level actors to ensure that longer term operational sustainability issues are addressed. From a development perspective, there exist major challenges to improved performance, which is required to ensure effective development and management of water resources; and scaling up delivery of sustainable sanitation and safe water services. Although there are a number of efforts being undertaken to strengthen planning, priority setting and coordination, the existing mechanisms are still weak. Inadequate and unpredictable funding is another constraint for the development of this sector. Implementation capacities among government institutions, implementing agencies and private companies are low, leading to low success in drilling operations among others. Implementation of works is further hampered by inaccessibility of large areas, especially during wet seasons. Moreover, sustainability of facilities and services remains a major challenge, since systems for operation, maintenance and service delivery are extremely weak or absent in most areas. High influx of returnees is causing additional pressure on existing water supply systems. South Sudan is characterized by a seasonal climate with considerable annual variations, and the territory has substantial surface and ground water resources that are yet to be harnessed for development. A proper water resources assessment and monitoring, for the quantity and quality, is a pre-requisite to water resources management, development and utilisation, whether for urban and rural water supply, agriculture, livestock, industry, energy and or for any other uses. Therefore, creation of a Hydrological Information System (HIS) for identification and subsequent addressing of gaps is necessary for realizing such needs, especially in view of the growing climate variability and environmental concerns. In particular, the increased degradation and pollution of surface and groundwater resources, largely due to oil exploration and extraction; and inappropriate wastes disposal in urban areas., is of a greater concern for the country. 2

3 Sanitation Drivers and Barriers Participation and Equity Coverage targets in national plan or PRSP Procedures to inform/consult stakeholders Approved sanitation policy Differentiated targets and strategies for access of vulnerable and excluded groups Lead coordinating government institution Equity criteria used to allocate funding Policies for sanitation in public places Measurable impact of equity policies Access targets in policy for schools Human Rights Human right to sanitation recognized Human right to sanitation claims tried in domestic court Annual increase sufficient to meet national targets Funding available at local level Solutions adopted and used at scale to promote sanitation Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Sector wide approach Availability of sanitation products sufficient and affordable Investment program for sanitation Sufficient number of operators to meet household demands Regular review to monitor sub-sector performance Aging infrastructure Adequate complaint mechanisms Budgeting and Expenditure Climate change resilience % service provision contracted to private sector Human Resource Capacity Separate budget lines for sanitation Sufficient financial flows to meet MDG Use of domestic capital commitments Absorption of official donor commitments HR addressed in strategy or sector reviews In-country education and training for subsector personnel Sufficient extension staff for sanitation promotion % sanitation budget targeted to the poor Legend Adequate Progressing Needs attention Human Resources Policy and Institutions very high high medium Human rights Sanitation Sanitation low very low Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Budgeting and Expenditure Participation and Equity Figure 2 Sanitation Sector Capacity Radar National monitoring institutions: National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (WIMS) 3

4 Drinking-Water Drivers and Barriers Participation and Equity Coverage target in national plan or PRSP Procedures to inform/consult stakeholders Approved drinking-water policy Differentiated targets and strategies for access of vulnerable and excluded groups Clearly defined instituional roles Equity criteria to allocate funding Participation of ministry of education in drinking-water sub-sector coordination Measurable impact of equity policies Participation of ministry of health in drinkingwater sub-sector coordination Human Rights Annual increase sufficient to meet national targets Human right to drinking-water recognized Funding available at local level Human right to drinking-water claims in domestic court Drinking water quality monitoring Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Sector wide approach Regular inventories of rural drinking water infrastructure Investment program for drinking-water Technical and financial support to maintain systems? Regular review to monitor performance Regular tariff reviews resulting in adjusted tariffs Adequate complaint mechanisms Preventive risk management used (e.g. WSPs) Budgeting and Expenditure Sufficient financial flows to meet MDG Aging infrastructure Water scarcity plans O&M costs for utilities covered by revenues Use of domestic capital commitments Human Resource Capacity Absorption of official donor commitments % drinking-water budget targeted to the poor Legend Adequate Progressing Needs attention HR addressed in strategy or sector reviews In-country education and training for subsector personnel Sufficient staff for operation and maintenance Human Resources very high high Human rights medium low very low Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Water Supply Water Supply Budgeting and Expenditure Participation and Equity Figure 3 Drinking-Water Sector Capacity Radar National monitoring institutions: National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (WIMS) 4

5 Hygiene promotion included in national health strategy Population covered by main hygiene promotion programmes Hygiene promotion promoted in : Does hygiene promotion address the following messages? Primary Schools Use of toilets Secondary schools Importance of drinking clean water Primary health care centres Need for hand washing Secondary health care centres Tertiary services Contact Information: Emmanuel Lupai Emmanuel.parmenas@gmail.com Ag. Director General for Planning and Programmes Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation/Directorate of Planning and Programmes 5