DISCHARGE DATA REPORT Summary report February 2013

Transcription

1 DISCHARGE DATA REPORT Summary report February 213

2 Verification of 11 Priority Chemicals In Wastewater Discharge Stringent chemical requirements have long been imposed in production; we ban chemicals that are considered hazardous for use in production process, and sets limit values for finished products through our Restricted Substances List or RSL 1 ). Our Chemical Restrictions on our products are as a minimum always based on the highest legal standard in any of our sales countries as well as on information from authorities, NGOs and scientific reports. This study however, does not focus on the chemical contents in our products, but rather, on the chemical contents in the wastewater discharged from manufacturing processes. This brings us to our aim; to verify whether certain chemical groups are in the wastewater discharge of factories. Traces of 5 out of 11 priority chemicals were found in wastewater discharge All discharge data meet local wastewater legislations 4 ONE Chemical group 2 seems to originate from incoming water rather than manufacturing processes 3 Most results meet WHO s suggested Daily Tolerable Intake 5 It has taken us almost 1 year to conduct this study, from planning to delivering this report. We have chosen to make this verification for 11 groups of chemicals; what we call the Priority 11. Key findings are on the right hand side. Although this study is only pilot, the selection represents factories that conducts highly water intensive processes, located in key production markets; China, Bangladesh & India. Some results meet drinking water legislations 6 We acknowledge that the outcome of this study only provides a snapshot of the situation; however, we have been able to draw strong patterns from the results collected, providing us with a clearer next step towards tackling our goal towards zero discharge of hazardous chemicals C&A s RSL, H&M s RSL, G-Star s RSL 2. Chlorobenzenes 3. Local meaning where the water was tested; Bangladesh, China and India 4. Based on Result of this study 5. Based on Available Data

3 Introduction AIM The aim of this study is to determine whether 11 priority chemicals groups are discharged from factories by onsite audits, inventories and analytics. 11 PRIORITY CHEMICALS 1. Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs), 2. Azo Dyes, 3. Brominated and Chlorinated Flame Retardants, 4. Chlorinated solvents, 5. Chlorobenzenes, 6. Chlorophenols, 7. Organotin, 8. Phthalates, 9. Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs), 1. Total heavy metal, 11. Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) BACKGROUND To lead the Apparel and Footwear Industry towards Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC) by 22, a Joint Roadmap, which involves various specific projects and actions, is developed by brands to drive the industry to reach the goal. This verification study is one of the projects in joint roadmap. WHERE Bangladesh China India TOTAL NUMBER OF FACTORIES GENERAL PICTURE Incoming water for manufacturing processes 1 e.g. River/ Ground water Factory Wastewater Treatment Plant Wastewater Discharge Verification of 11 chemicals in the wastewater discharge Open bodies of water e.g. River 11 5 in Bangladesh, 3 in China, 3 in India SERVICE PROVIDERS Bureau Veritas Consumer Product Service Ltd (BVCPs) Sustainable Textile Solution (STS) 1. The source of incoming water for manufacturing processes is often river or ground water. This source is not the same as the source used for domestic/ drinking use, which instead, is often water from the municipality. 2

4 Discharge verification results overview FINDINGS AT WASTEWATER DISCHARGE Aim: To verify if 11 chemical groups are in the discharge Within the 11 chemical groups, we tested 93 analytes, at 11 factories Out of 93 analytes tested, 16 were found in the discharge groups 93 analytes These 16 belongs to 5 chemical groups 5 Chemical Groups These groups are: 1. Azo Dyes 2. Chlorobenzenes 3. Phthalates 4. SCCPs 5. Heavy Metals 1 They were found at this many factories: No of factories For Heavy Metals, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead and Chromium VI were tested. 3 out of 4 chemicals were found in the discharge. Chromium VI was not found. 3

5 Results Analysis: i COMPARISON BETWEEN INCOMING WATER & DISCHARGE WASTEWATER The chemicals detected in the wastewater could be originated from the incoming water of factories and/or manufacturing process. Therefore, the incoming water was also collected and subjected to chemical tests, from which the background concentration of the chemicals can be determined. Chemical Groups Phthalates Azo Dyes Chlorobenzenes Detected Chemicals Average Concentration (ppm) in Incoming Water Average Concentration (ppm) in Discharged Water Average Actual Concentration (Discharge Incoming) C B I C B I C B I BBP ND ND ND ND ND.12 ND ND.12 DBP.5 ND ND ND -.15 DEHP.275 ND ND ND.26 DNOP ND ND.4 ND ND ND ND ND -.4 DIDP ND ND ND ND ND.22 ND ND.22 DMP ND ND ND ND -.4 DEP.11 ND ND ND.41 ND -.14 DIBP.8 ND ND.254 ND ND.11 DNP ND ND ND ND ND.1 ND ND.1 4- Aminoazobenzene ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Aniline ND ND ND ND ND.283 ND ND Chloroaniline ND ND ND ND.8 ND ND.8 ND Chlorobenzene.82 ND ND ND Dichlorobenzene ND ND.57 ND ND ND ND ND -.57 Trichlorobenzene ND ND.1 ND ND ND ND ND -.1 SCCPs SCCPs Heavy Metals Cadmium (Cd) ND ND ND ND.19.1 ND.19.1 Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) ND ND ND.1 ND ND.1 ND ND C: China B: Bangladesh I: India Chemical concentration Higher at Incoming Water Chemical Concentration higher at discharged wastewater Indication 1 : There is a strong indication that Chlorobenzenes originates from the incoming water rather than through manufacturing processes. 1. This is an indication only, based on results generated from this study. However, it is to note that these snapshot indications have also shown patterns, where concentrations of certain chemicals found were typically higher at the incoming source. 4

6 Results Analysis: ii PUTTING RESULTS INTO CONTEXT: Since all of the results detected are in traces, it can be difficult to put them into context. Therefore, the following strict, extreme comparisons were made to help illustrate this: 1. First comparison against the suggestive standard by the WHO 1 on Tolerable daily Intake (TDI). 2. Second comparison against Drinking Legislative Requirements. Result of Highest Concentration Discharge Wastewater Vs. Drinking Water Suggestive/ Legislative Standards The intention of making these comparisons was not to illustrate how wastewater quality should be at drinkable standard, but rather, to illustrate how these results compare to drinkable quality. Results show that a lot of chemicals in fact meet the suggestive/ legislative standards 2. Comparison against: Results Summary: Overall Indication: See Graphs 1. WHO s Tolerable Daily Intake 2. Drinking Water Legislative Requirements When comparing the discharge data with WHO, all but DBP s (Phthalates) chemical concentration were found lower than the recommended daily intake. When comparing the discharge data with legislative requirements for drinking water, Mercury meets the requirements, the rest exceeds. 2. COMPARISON AGAINST WASTEWATER LEGISLATIVE STANDARDS Cadmium Lead Chlorobenzenes Phthalates Comparison against: Results Summary: Overall Indication See Graphs 3. Wastewater Legislative Requirement All discharge results meet the legislative requirement of Bangladesh, China and India 2. However, some discharge results exceeded the legislative requirements of the EU, or US 2. Heavy Metals, Chlorobenzenes DIDP, DEHP, BBP Mercury Bangladesh, China, India DBP EU, USA Click Here Click Here Click Here 1. World Health Organization 2. Based on Available Data 5

7 Conclusion 1. AIM OF STUDY FULFILLED 2. THE SITUATION 11 Verified Traces of 5 Chemical Groups found in discharge Indications from data Chlorobenzenes Other 4 Chemicals originates from originates from incoming water manufacturing processes We acknowledge that the study illustrates a snapshot only The aim of this study has been fulfilled where we found that 5 out of 11 chemical groups in traces, present in the discharge of factories. Out of these 5, strong indications show that 4 chemical groups originate from the manufacturing process. Chlorobenzenes however, has clearly shown higher concentrations in the incoming water when compared with the discharge wastewater. We have found that most 1 wastewater results apart from DBP (one phthalate) meet the suggestive Tolerable Daily Intake. Some 2 wastewater results meet drinking legislations. All 3 wastewater results meet local 4 wastewater legislations. We acknowledge that this report only provides a snapshot of the situation and does not reflect a picture of the entire industry, however, all findings and comparisons help provide us with a clearer picture towards how to move forward and set priority actions; i.e. address phase out (Project 2 of the Joint Roadmap). 3. ACTION PLAN (Action Plan: Next Page) All 1 but DBP meets WHO s Tolerable Daily Intake Some 2 wastewater results meet drinking water legislations All 3 discharge data meet local 4 wastewater legislations This study provides a clearer direction towards action 1. Based on Available Data 2. Based on Available Data 3. Based on Available Data 4. Local meaning where the water was tested; Bangladesh, China and India 6

8 Action Plan Based on the results obtained, the action plan for coming projects will be divided into two directions, Monitoring and Implementing. 2 Streams of Actions 1. Monitor 2. Implement Although; 6 chemical groups were not found in the discharged wastewater; Results for Chlorobenzenes indicate that the source is mainly derived from the incoming water; We need to still acknowledge that this study only provides a snapshot of the situation, and that these chemicals might still be used in the manufacturing process. Therefore, continuous close monitoring of these 7 chemical groups are required to prevent the use of them in manufacturing processes. Not detected in discharge: 1. Brominated and Chlorinated flame retardants 2. Organotin Compounds (e.g., TBT) 3. Chlorinated Solvents 4. Chlorophenols 5. Alkylphenols (APs) & Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs) 6. Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) For the four chemical groups generated from manufacturing process, specific actions needs to be implemented by different sectors, e.g., chemical suppliers, factories, and government, in order to reach the goal towards zero discharge of hazardous chemicals by 22. Previous comparisons with suggestive and legislative requirements should be referred to when setting priority actions. This implementation process is described in our next project Phase out. This will include finding of sources to these chemicals and sequentially, phase them out. Detected in Discharge: 1. Azo Dyes 2. Phthalates 3. Short-Chained Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) 4. Heavy Metals* Indications that source originates from incoming water (not manufacturing process): 7. Chlorobenzenes 1. For Heavy Metals, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead and Chromium VI were tested. 3 out of 4 chemicals were found in the discharge. Chromium VI was not found. 7

9 Graphs to Results Analysis ii

10 1. Benchmark Results Vs. WHO suggested limits 1. WHO (World Health Organization) suggested limits TDI- Tolerable Daily Intake Benchmark Results- calculated using WHO s formula for Daily Intake 1. Heavy Metals 2. Chlorobenzenes 3. Phthalates Lead (Pb) DIDP DEHP Mercury (Hg) Chlorobenzene DBP Cadmium (Cd) BBP mg/ kg mg/ kg mg/ kg Exceeds/ Meets Suggested Limits: Meets Meets Meets DIDP, DEHP and BBP Exceeds DBP Limitation: There is no data available for Azo Dyes and SCCPS. *The WHO states that the Daily Intake (DI) level of a specific chemical must be lower than the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), which refers to the daily amount of a chemical that has been assessed safe throughout the lifetime. Back to Results Analysis ii 9

11 mg/ kg mg/ kg mg/ kg 2. Legislative Requirement for Drinking Water Legislative Requirement EU USA Bangladesh China India Benchmark Result Benchmark Result (Highest Measured Concentration) Exceeds/ Meets Legislation: 1. Heavy Metals Cadmium Cr* Lead Mercury Exceeds Meets Exceeds EU, USA & China Meets Exceeds/ Meets Legislation: 2. Chlorobenzenes 3. Phthalates Chlorobenzene Exceeds DEHP Exceeds Limitation: There are no legislative standards in all countries for Azo Dyes, SCCPs and all types of Phthalates. There are no legislative standards in Bangladesh, India or EU for Chlorobenzenes. Back to Results Analysis ii 1

12 mg/ kg mg/ kg mg/ kg mg/ kg mg/ kg 3. Legislative Requirement for Wastewater Quality Legislative Requirement EU USA Bangladesh China India Benchmark Result Benchmark Result (Highest Measured Concentration) Exceeds/ Meets Legislation: Heavy Metals Cadmium Chromium VI Lead Mercury Meets Meets Meets Meets Limitation: There are no legislative standards in Bangladesh, China or India for Azo Dyes, Chlorobenzenes, Phthalates and SCCPS..1.5 Exceed/ Meet Legislation: 1. Heavy Metals 2. Chlorobenzenes 3. Phthalates 4. SCCPs Cadmium Chromium VI Lead Mercury Chlorobenzene DEHP SCCPs Exceeds Meets Exceeds in EU Meets Exceeds Exceeds Exceeds Limitation: There are no legislative standards in EU or USA for Azo Dyes and all types of Phthalates Back to Results Analysis ii 11

13 Publication details Contact Details C&A Alain Renard H&M Hennes & Mauritz AB Anna Eriksson G-Star Raw Frouke Bruinsma