ANP-AHP Supported Group Decision Support System for Public and Private Sector Participation in New Delhi Expressway System

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1 Volume 1 No.5, February ANP-AHP Supported Group Decson Support System for Publc and Prvate Sector Partcpaton n New Delh Expressway System Madhur Department of Mathematcs G.L.N.A Insttute of Technology, Mathura, Inda P. K. Saksena Retred Dean and Professor Faculty of Engneerng Dayalbagh Educatonal Insttute, Agra, Inda ABSTRACT Delhte s love affar wth the automoble s becomng even more passonate and nspte of the authortes tryng desperately hard, the traffc grdlock merely moves on to the next ntersecton. The complexty of the goals of New Delh Transport System and ts relatonshp wth other Publc and Prvate Organzatons makes the manageral decson makng regardng New Delh Expressway System Plannng, a multcrtera, mult-dmensonal and mult-approach task. It s not realstc to submt decsons to such a crtcal problem wthout proper vsualzaton of the preferred future. In ths paper, a ANP-AHP based Group Decson Support System for Informaton Vsualzaton s presented and ts man components are analyzed and dscussed for effectve manageral decson makng by mutual partcpaton of publc and prvate sector n New Delh Expressway System to solve the cty s traffc problems. The Model Base Management Subsystem nteracts wth Proect Plannng and Implementaton Module, Proect Fnancng and Managng Module, Proect Infrastructure Leasng Module, Subsdy and Prcng Module; Mult-crtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process Methodology based Mult-crtera Futurstc Decson Process Platform and Qualty Decson Network-Vrtual Desk through Central Vson Navgator Board for strategc, tactcal and operatonal plannng of New Delh Expressway System for the next 5 years. Keywords New Delh Expressway System, Analytc Network Process, Analytc Herarchy Process, Group Decson Support System, Informaton Vsualzaton. 1. INTRODUCTION It s clear that cars, taxs, two-wheelers and buses form the backbone of the Transport System n New Delh. Ths has led to traffc ams and traffc grdlock a very common scene and thus overall travel tme and polluton has gone several folds. Sarna (1990) revewed the traffc and transportaton problems of New Delh and suggested the need of modfcaton of urban transportaton plannng process, keepng n vew the soco economc envronment prevalng n the country. Khanna, Sngh and Vrat (1987) used system dynamcs methodology to model the passenger transportaton system of New Delh Urban Regon, wth a vew to analyze some transportaton system management polces. Reddy, Bhata and Suthar (1990) ndcated sgnfcant traffc growth and changng composton of traffc flow on selected arteral of New Delh. Parda and Gupta (1996) presented a logcal development and applcaton of a stated preference methodology for mode choce analyss. The authors consdered only work trps, snce n New Delh work trps nfluence the peak hour traffc flow condtons sgnfcantly. The results of stated preference modelng were also compared wth the conventonal revealed preference modelng to demonstrate the relatve merts of both the approaches. Sbal (1996) studed the avalable fundng sources for urban mass transt proects n the developng countres and suggested an approach to urban transport fnancng under the socoeconomc condtons prevalent n Inda. In New Delh the condton of publc bus transport.e. Delh Transport Corporaton (DTC) remans far from adequate. The road has already reached ts saturaton capacty of 110,000 vehcles per day. The vson s ether to go up or go down. An elevated road over the exstng rng road has been vsualzed, as the most feasble soluton n the present crcumstances. Snce there wll be no sgnals n ths expressway, t wll speed up traffc consderably and the cost wll be pad by collectng toll from the users. It s a globally recognzed fact whle dealng wth such drect publc effectng polces as expressway, an announced measure can be delayed or even revoked after a bref mplementaton due to opposton from the pressure-groups, or a measure may be modfed accordng to people s expectatons. Sometmes t also happens that any new measure promulgated may not be mplemented. Ths s what that happened n our captal cty. The case of constructon of approxmately twenty fve fly-over n the cty n about last three years testfes to ths and the problems that were faced by the general publc n the form of traffc dversons, ams and that by the authortes n gettng clearance from dfferent government departments for land and nfrastructure acqurement. The most acceptable explanaton for the cause of the problems faced n the past s that the problem solvng approach was based on sngle crtera whereas t was a mult-crtera, multdmensonal and mult-approach manageral problem and so t dd not yeld satsfactory results. 4

2 Volume 1 No.5, February Followng the present trends of boomng vehcular traffc n our Indan mega-ctes, the day s not far off when such New Delh Expressway proect wll have necessarly to be mplemented n New Delh as well as other Indan Mega- Ctes. There s a dre need to desgn a support system for mplementng New Delh Expressway Proect and then to take ts help n manageral decson makng regardng polcy desgn and mplementaton for other Indan mega-ctes so that haphazard stuatons lke n New Delh fly-over proect do not take place n the near future. Ths has led researchers to focus on the qualty based Informaton Vsualzaton n the desgn of Group Decson Support Systems (GDSS) for New Delh Expressway Proect whch facltates soluton of such an unstructured problem by a set of decson-makers workng together as a group. In ths paper a ANP-AHP based Group Decson Support System for New Delh Expressway System (NHGDSSNES) s desgned whch helps n manageral decson makng for the next fve years by comparng the effectveness of varous alternate polces wth the obectve of reducng traffc problems, hgh nfrastructure cost and mprovng effectve coordnaton among varous organzatons and provdng better commuter faclty. Here the polcy mplementaton s dealt wth four somewhat dfferent overlappng zones vz. Proect Plannng and Implementaton Module, Proect Fnancng and Managng Module, Proect Infrastructure Leasng Module, Subsdy and Prcng Module. The multcrtera and futrologstc approach of Vson Technology Base (VTB) comprsng of Mult-crtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process (MIFDP) Methodology based Mult-crtera Futurstc Decson Process (MFDP) Platform and Qualty Decson Network (QDN) Vrtual Desk provdes an effectve dmenson to deal wth such complex matters as of Polcy Plannng and Delvery for New Delh Expressway System. Moreover, the Informaton Vsualzaton Support of Central Vson Navgator Board (CVNB) and user frendly support of Dalogue Management System (DMS) makes the NHGDSSNES take decsons and answer what f queres very effectvely. The proposed NHGDSSNES based on Vson Technology Base (VTB) addresses real lfe complex futurstc problems of New Delh Expressway System. It allows the decson-makers to lay out a problem as they see t n ts complexty and to redefne ts defnton and structure through nteracton and thus to locate futurstc decson prortes. Through a mathematcal sequence, t syntheszes ther futurstc udgements nto an overall estmate of relatve futurstc prortes of alternatve courses of acton and evaluates ther effectveness. NHGDSSNES tracks nconsstences nto the decson-makers udgements and preferences thereby enablng them to assess the Qualty of ther futurstc assessment knowledge and the stablty of the soluton. 2. GROUP DECISION MAKING PROCESS A group decson makng process also known as an Electronc Meetng System (EMS) s a set of software, hardware, language components and procedures that support a group of people engaged n a decson related meetng and ts maor functon s to support the three common group actvtes - retreval, sharng and use of nformaton. The formulaton of an overall polcy, goals, plannng, coordnaton, balancng, prortzng dfferent ntatves and actons regardng New Delh Expressway System and followng the revewng of acton plans from an overall perspectve can only be done by brngng both the technologcal, beaurocratc fraternty and prvate operators at a common platform, thus brdgng the exstng gap and facltatng effectve manageral decson makng. The man factor n a group decson makng, s the need for nteracton between the group decson members durng the decson makng process to focus on qualty based nformaton vsualzaton. Lm, Raman and Kwok-Kee (1991) have studed the effects of GDSS on decson makng n varous contexts, nvolvng mportant varables such as group task and group sze. Tavana, Kennedy and Joglekar (1996) have presented a framework to help a group of decson makers defne and artculate a herarchy of hrng crtera and subcrtera and rate each of the canddates on that herarchy. Hatcher (1992) presented a desgn of a geographcally dstrbuted group decson system that was used by the US Army. Teng and Ramamurthy (1993) proposed a functonal taxonomy on two dmensons, content support and process support. The valdty of the taxonomy was then demonstrated by fttng a large number of mplemented or proposed systems n GDSS research onto one of the 16 types. San, Saxena and Kalra (2000) descrbed the applcaton of nternet technology for effcent management of the operatonal organzatons for creaton of synergstc ntellgent group decson makng and support systems. There s a great need for expertse sharng between group decson members whch s very much essental when a complex decson problem lke New Delh Expressway System s to be dvded nto herarchy of sub decson problems, each of whch s then solved by ndvdual expert teams wthn the group for effectve decson-makng. 3. DESCRIPTION OF ANP-AHP BASED GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM Group Decson Support System NHGDSSNES has been desgned and developed wth symbotc approach to acheve the am of provdng the necessary qualty based nformaton vsualzaton and processng, for real lfe nteracton and speedy decson management to publc works department, New-Delh muncpal corporaton, state government of Delh and other concerned authortes by scannng the future. NHGDSSNES s comprsed of fve man components Model Base Management Subsystem (MBMS), Data Base Management Subsystem (DBMS), Central Vson Navgator Board (CVNB), Vson Technology Base (VTB) and Dalog Management Subsystem (DMS). The proposed NHGDSSNES s based on a Central Vson Navgator Board problem solvng archtecture, where Vson Technology Base comprsed of Mult-crtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process methodology (Saxena Art and Saxena 2003) based Multcrtera Futurstc Decson Process (MFDP) Platform and ANP-AHP based Qualty Decson Network-Vrtual Desk assocated to dfferent New Delh Expressway applcaton modules nteract through a Central Vson Navgator Board. The basc components of the NHGDSSNES archtecture are presented n Fg. 1. It underlnes the man modules relatng to the Proect Plannng and Implementaton (PPI), Proect Fnancng and Managng (PFM), Proect Infrastructure Leasng (PIL), Subsdy and Prcng (SAP). Each module s 5

3 Volume 1 No.5, February customzed wth Data Base Management Subsystem (DBMS) and Vson Technology Base (VTB). Fg1: Archtecture of NHGDSSNES The nteracton between the group decson members, expressway experts the world over and the global database takes place through a MFDP Platform and Qualty Decson Network-Vrtual Desk for strategc plannng, management control, operatonal plannng and transacton processng wth the tasks of defnng, scannng, managng and prortzng the Mult Futurstc Decson Indcators. The group facltator coordnates the group use of VTB and DMS s used by both the group facltator and the group decson members. The source code of NHGDSSNES s wrtten n Vsual Basc. The system has many specal features, whch are very essental n a well-desgned software package. Fg 2 depcts the openng screen of NHGDSSNES. Fg 2: Openng Screen of NHGDSSNES 4. MODEL BASE MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM The Model Base Management Subsystem nteracts wth VTB comprsng of Mult-crtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process methodology based MFDP Platform and QDN- Vrtual Desk; Proect Plannng and Implementaton (PPI) Module, Proect Fnancng and Managng (PFM) Module, Proect Infrastructure Leasng (PIL) Module and Subsdy and Prcng (SAP) Module; and Data Base Management Subsystem through CVNB for strategc plannng, management control, operatonal plannng and transacton processng. 5. MULTI-CRITERIA FUTURISTIC DECISION PROCESS PLATFORM MFDP s a nformaton vsualzaton and group decsonrankng platform based on feedback of mult dscplnary functonal teams of New Delh Expressway decson makng team, New Delh Expressway expert team and nterdscplnary future scan team to smulate New Delh Expressway decson problems. MFDP Platform s prmarly based on followng man prncples: The New Delh Expressway current decson plan for the goal s developed by New Delh Expressway expert team wth the ad of the possble pctures of the future, characterzed as a negatve pcture, a neutral pcture and an optmstc pcture. The New Delh Expressway current decson plan generated by Outsde In Approach and Insde Out Approach s clustered nto Mult Futurstc Decson Indctors by New Delh Expressway expert team. MFDP Module allows groups to lay out a complex decson problem as they see t n ts complexty and to redefne ts defnton and structure through nteracton. 5.1 M.I.F.D.P. Methodology MFDP Platform s based on MIFDP methodology whch s a mult-dscplnary, mult-dmensonal, mult-person, multobectve, mult-level, mult-perod methodology and t mplcates teratve mult-crtera approach for futurologstc decson problems and consoldates nformaton about tangble and ntangble crtera and alternatves n futurstc manageral decson makng process. MIFDP methodology s a non-lnear framework based on analytc herarchc process (Saaty 2000) for analyzng both deductve and nductve teratve futurstc thnkng that allows the consderaton of several Mult Futurstc Decson Indcators at a tme, along wth a teratve feedback control mechansm and numercal trade-off wthout the use of the syllogsm. The steps of MIFDP methodology are: Step 1: Formulaton of problem and goal by Decson Makng Team (DMT). Step 2: Formaton of nterdscplnary future scan team and expert team from dfferent related areas and felds by DMT. Step 3: Generaton of Current Decson Plan (CDP) by expert team to meet the goal, by Seth-Harva method. Step 4: Cluster formaton of CDP by DMT nto a responsble set of mutually exclusve and encompassng Mult Futurstc Decson Indcators (MFDI). Step 5: Preparaton of handout about the goal and delph technque for nterdscplnary future scan team by DMT. 6

4 Volume 1 No.5, February Step 6: Desgn and development of Delph Questonnare (DPQ) for Interdscplnary Future Scan Team by Decson-Makng Team. Step 7: Dervaton and analyss of Futurstc Controlled Feedback (FCF) Weghts r f ( r = Delph Rounds) by Decson-Makng Team, applyng repeated ratng and rankng of MFDI for dfferent levels ( L 1, 2,3,, by Interdscplnary Future Scan Team. Step 8: If the degree of stablty s there, then go to step 9, otherwse go to step 7. Step 9: Formaton of Input Satsfacton Response Questonnare (ISRQ) from dfferent MFDI and ther respectve f r for Interdscplnary Future Scan Team by Decson-Makng Team. Step10: Satsfacton and dssatsfacton response by Interdscplnary Future Scan Team for r f. Step11: Computaton of Futurstc Satsfacton Response (FSR) Weghts s by Decson-Makng Team usng analyss of satsfacton response. Step12: Computaton of Prortzed Futurstc Satsfacton (PFS) Weghts P for prortzed MFDI. Step13: Calculaton of Futurstc Relatve Comparson (FRC) Weghts w. k k w 0, f k Pk 100 w k, f k P Step14: Formaton of Futurstc Relatve Calbraton (FRC) Matrx F ( nl nl ), consstng of [ n L ( n L 1)]/ 2 futurstc udgments, by calbratng w from Futurstc Calbratng Chart. k Step15: Preparaton of Futurstc Parwse Comparson Questonnare (FPCQ) from for Expert Team by Decson-Makng Team. Step16: Generaton of Futurstc Parwse Judgments (FPJ) Matrx F ( nl nl ) consstng of [ n L ( n L 1)]/ 2 futurstc udgments from FPCQ usng Relatve Importance Scale (Saaty 1994) by Expert Team. Step17: Generaton of Average Futurstc Relatve Judgment (AFRJ) Matrx F from Matrx F and Matrx F for dfferent L. Step18: Computaton of Futurstc Egen Vectors (FEV), Futurstc Consstency Index (FCI) and Futurstc Consstency Rato (FCR) by Analytc Herarchc Process for all generated Matrx F. Step19: Generaton of Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w for all L of the problem. For proper Informaton Vsualzaton of New Delh Expressway System, fve members of the NDEDMT selected IFS Team consstng of 387 members (136 from North Delh, 92 from South Delh, 63 from East Delh, 57 from West Delh and 39 Floatng Populaton of Delh) and NDEET consstng of total 36 Experts (Team I: 5 Futurologsts; Team II: 12 Transportaton System Experts from Mnstry of Transport, New Delh; Central Road Research Insttute (C.R.R.I.), Delh; Delh Transport Corporaton (D.T.C.), New Delh; Team III: 12 Operaton Research Researchers from Delh Unversty, Delh; I.I.T. Delh; Insttute of Urban Transport, New Delh, Indan Statstcal Insttute (I.S.I.), New Delh; Operaton Research Socety of Inda (O.R.S.I) Members and Team IV: 7 Experenced Managers from RITES Lmted. New Delh; Engneers Inda Lmted (E.I.L.). A bref summary of Goal wth suffcent techncal data, related to New Delh Expressway System was prepared by NDEDMT. The optatve pcture, created by NDEET, for effectve Manageral Decson Makng of New Delh Expressway System for the next fve years, generated total 148 MFDI for dfferent levels. DPQ was formed from generated MFDI for New Delh Expressway System. MFDIs of Goal were rated and ranked by IFS Team. Feedback of IFS Team was analyzed to compute Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w for the Goal. 6. QUALITY DECISION NETWORK VIRTUAL DESK The ANP-AHP based Qualty Decson Network (QDN) Vrtual Desk receves ts data nput from MFDI based on Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w. The ob of understandng the varablty n the process s probablstc and based on the experences and suggestons of the QDN - Vrtual Team whch ams to preserve the best practce but elmnate the necessty of physcal co-locaton thus enablng the team to collaborate rapdly and contnuously wth Infrastructure Supplers and Transportaton Managers worldwde, rrespectve of the Geographcal constrants. The QDN- Vrtual Desk s provded wth modern multmeda and networkng technologes n order to acheve hgh levels of mutual affnty and fast decson makng n a vrtual meetng envronment. Ths provdes a totally new level of cogntve style thnkng n Mult Crtera Decson Makng and Group Decson Makng. Advances n hardware and software are servng as catalysts n the workng of Vrtual Teams and therefore QDN - Vrtual Desk adds another mportant dmenson n GDSS to generate an excellent vrtual meetng envronment. The QDN-Vrtual Team acheves the hghest level of customer contentment subect to organzatonal constrants on cost, tme and other resources. The workng methodology adopted by QDN-Vrtual Desk s: Step1: Selecton of Prortzed Mult Futurstc Decson Indcators (MFDI) based on Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w usng MFDP Platform. Step2: Selecton of Prortzed Target Populaton p usng MFDP Platform for Target Populaton. Step3: Formaton of Target Populaton Evaluaton (TPE) Chart for dfferent levels ( L 1, 2,3,, a) Defne the Present Envronment for the p prortzed Target Populaton and Compettors of the Goal. b) Defne the Strategc Vson of the Goal for the respectve Target Populaton keepng n mnd the prortzed MFDI. c) Calculate the Futurologstc Improvement Vson Factor (FIVF), Futurologstc Weghng Vson Rato (FWVR) and Futurologstc Normalzed Vson Weghts (FNVW) for the respectve Target Populaton. 7

5 Volume 1 No.5, February d) Develop Comparson Matrx between Target Populaton and prortzed MFDI (Askn and Dawson 2000). e) Calculate the Overall Futurstc Decson Prorty (OFDP) Weghts for prortzed W MFDI usng Futurologstc Normalzed Score (FNS) and FDP Weghts w for each Target Populaton. Step4: Select the most prortzed MFDI and formulate Matrx W for levels TP ( L 1, 2,3,, usng Overall Futurstc Decson Prorty (OFDP) Weghts W of the concerned MFDI. For L 1, W 1 = W TP Step5: Usng Analytc Network Process (Saaty 2001), formulate the Clusters for levels ( L 1, 2,3,, of the most prortzed MFDI. These MFDI are mutually nter-connected accordng to ther Outer Dependence (nfluencng or beng nfluenced). Step 6: Takng at a tme one Cluster n mnd Go to Step 13 to Step 19 of MFDP Platform for the other connected Clusters nfluencng ths one and calculate Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w ( L 1, 2,3,, for ths cluster. Step 7: Repeat Step 6 for each Cluster at the level. Step 8: Formulate Futurstc Cluster (FC) Matrx W 2 ( L 1, 2,3,,. Step 9: Repeat Steps 5 to Step 8 to formulate Futurstc 1 Cluster (FC) Matrx W 3 ( L 1, 2,3,,. Step 10: Formulate Futurstc Level Relatonshp (FLR) Matrx, 1 W ( L 1, 2,3,, between two 4 consecutve herarchcal levels from ther respectve Futurstc Decson Prorty (FDP) Weghts w. Step 11: Frame Futurstc Qualty Super (FQS) Matrx M : Goal Goal 0 L L L W W 1 2 W 1 L 1, 1 0 W 0 4 and make t Column Stochastc. The Fnal Lmt Futurstc Decson Prorty (FLFDP) Weghts * W prortes are obtaned by rasng M to SP 2z1 lm M. z Step12: Select Super Prortzed FLFDP Weghts dfferent levels ( L 1, 2,3,, of MFDI. ** or SP L 2,3,, l, W ( W W ) / 2. 1 TP W ** SP Step13: Selecton of the Optmal Super Prortzed Fnal Lmt Futurstc Decson Indcator Scenaros and Acton Plan for the Goal whch are forwarded to the Central Vson Navgator Board (CVNB) for effectve dsplay of the acton plan to be consdered by the Group Decson Members (GDM). for 7. PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION MODULE (PPI) 7.1. Advantages The PPI module helps n the formaton of organzaton, structure to better defne the goals and devse a organzatonal soluton whch results n the ongong analyss and mplementaton of New Delh Expressway transt. Ths module also facltates the polcy formaton for Decson Makng and Management for New Delh Expressway. The detal content of polcy ncludes all specfc prorty measures. It also deals wth Plannng and Implementaton of Transport Engneerng Factors PPI Decsons The module helps the decson-makers n followng decson regardng New Delh Expressway ssues: Wll the system be flexble enough, affordable, selfenforcement type and f there s any scope for ncremental development? Wll the exstng system provde necessary facltes lke (Property land for Bus termnals and Stops / Smooth Drvng Condtons for Transt Vehcles)? Is the desgned New Delh Expressway capable of adustng to Heavy Transt flows? Is there any delay experenced by Transt Vehcles and f yes what s the Cost of Delay and how to solve the problem? 8. PROJECT FINANCING AND MANAGING (PFM) MODULE Large proects such as New Delh Expressway are beyond the Fnancal and Manageral capacty of the publc sector. Therefore, t s necessary to nvolve prvate sector and ont venture n a bg way n large proects of transport development Advantages The PFM module deals wth and defnes the role of both the Prvate and Publc Sector Partners n the proect and lmts the Area of Work. Publc Sector role as Facltator / Coordnator / Controller and Prvate sector as Doer / Implementers. The module provdes the Group Decson Members (GDM) wth comprehensve Physcal and Fnancal Plans ncludng Proect Reports PFM Decsons The module helps the GDM n followng type of Decsons: How and by whom Compensaton s to be provded to Economcally Weaker Sectons (EWS) due to Land-use? What Methods to be adopted for the Reducton of Cost gven to Prvate Operators (Subsdes /Commercal and Truckng Actvty /Retal Commercal Spaces/ Infrastructure Faclty)? How the Developmental Plans for the proect to be fnanced (Fare Hke/ Betterment Levy/ Addtonal Taxes)? 8

6 Volume 1 No.5, February PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE LEASING (PIL) MODULE The cost of mprovement needed to develop New Delh Expressway Infrastructure to acceptable levels of servce requres huge amount of budgetary resources. So, t has become necessary to resort to prvate sector partcpaton n creaton and operaton of such bg proects as ths New Delh Expressway Advantages The PIL module analyzes all the prospects regardng BOT (Buld, Operate, and Transfer) concept, rsks and returns between the two sectors and thus promotes far negotatons and meanngful decsons. The module provdes a Promsng Strategy to channelse prvate ntatves towards Natonal Development. It leads to an Understandng of Prvate and Government Operators on Equtable Devces of Rsk Sharng. The PIL module vares the parameters lnked to certan decson ssues and then smulates the effect of that varaton on the New Delh Expressway proect. For example the proect vablty from the pont of vew of NPV, IRR, & ROE are found to be hghly senstve to change n constructon perod PIL Decsons What are the Rsk and Returns n the proect for Prvate and Publc Sectors? How s the Cost-Beneft Analyss (A Publc Sector Concern)? How much are the Performance Parameters lke IRR, ROE, NPV etc. (A Prvate Sector Concern)? 10. Subsdy and Prcng (SAP) Module The obectve of New Delh transport system to provde cheap and affordable servce conflcts wth the fnancal prncples of runnng a system wthout ncurrng losses brngs the concept of Subsdy and Prcng n pcture n plannng of the New Delh Expressway Proect Advantages The SAP module looks whether the proect s not only economc or uneconomc but also provdes values to benefcares other than rders wllng to support the system. The module helps n decsons regardng the Farness and Equty understandng among both Prvate and Publc Sectors, whch s further dvded nto Actual Transport Condton Polcy, Polcy Desgn and Development SAP Decsons The basc queston answered s Who s payng and Who s beneftng? How s the Accessblty of the System dstrbuted to dfferent Socal Groups and Classes? What should be the Physcal Performance ndcators for grantng subsdy to prvate operators? (Equpment Productvty/ Staff Productvty / Fuel Effcency /Tme Consumed)? 11. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM NHGDSSNES utlzes a relatonal DBMS for reducng computaton tme and effort for supportve repettve nteracton processes. The man task of the DBMS s the smplfcaton, preparaton, and pre processng of nput data of New Delh Expressway System and also control and verfcaton of the bulk of data requred by the applcaton programs. The relatonal database, whch s comprsed of daly transport analyss report as reported by DTC after preprocessng provdes relable data for necessary polcy framework. The pre-processng of ths data nvolves separaton of transport analyss data, data of traffc ams and grdlock, bad roads and traffc engneerng polcy and further does the ob of cleansng, structurng and formattng of data to mantan data ntegrty n DBMS. MS EXCEL electronc spreadsheet, whch s lnked to relatonal database, facltates post processng of records returned by the database, whch s extensvely and ntensvely quered through structured query language (SQL). The relatonal DBMS s comprsed of the followng felds: Subsdes, Equty and Shares Techncal Specfcatons Fnance (Methods and Sources) Tax and Toll Structure Traffc Engneerng Facltes Vehcle Operatng Cost Polluton Cost Infrastructure & Expressway Status The relatonal DBMS s two-dmensonal and Group Decson Members (GDM) nteracts wth tables that have lnes and columns lke a spreadsheet and can easly travel through the data by the use of full screen edtor that permts them to scroll the data n all drectons. 12. CENTRAL VISION NAVIGATOR BOARD (CVNB) The desgned NHGDSSNES s based on a Central Vson Navgator Board Problem Solvng Archtecture where MFDP Platform and ANP-AHP based Qualty Decson Network (QDN)-Vrtual Desk based Vson Technology Base connected to varous New Delh Expressway System components nteract through a Central Vson Navgator Board (CVNB). In ths CVNB common globally shared database, local knowledge base and specalzed Vson Technology Base sources act upon a Central Vson Navgator Board Problem Solvng Archtecture, accordng to a strategy amng at buldng a group problem soluton, both cooperatvely and opportunstcally. The Central Vson Navgator Board for New Delh Expressway System s based on ndependent and nteractve knowledge based agents as Data Completon, Data Analyss, Informaton Vsualzaton, and Predcton and Control functons. It stores a representaton of the New Delh Expressway System structures and servces and provdes faclty for vewng anmated generaton of prortzed course of acton chart n real tme as a result of smulaton. It attracts the attenton of the Group Decson Members (GDM) and ts vsual presentaton assst cognton and early decson makng. The Central Vson Navgator Board s well suted for realtme systems and s bascally communcaton medum that enables nformaton to be shared among the GDM. The 9

7 Volume 1 No.5, February modular and dstrbuted computng envronment allows a knd of parallel processng and reasonng wth the ntegraton of Vson Technology Base (VTB) and Group Decson Members (GDM). Central Vson Navgator Board supports new data types and provdes synchronzaton of multple data streams and real lfe applcatons va real tme schedulng and fast nterrupt processng. The merger of the dscrete meda lke tables and text, wth the contnuos meda such as audo and mages make the New Delh Expressway System Informaton Vsualzaton and Interacton Process more drect and straght for Group Decson Members (GDM), mproves retenton, and ths plays a pvotal role n the postve contrbuton to the support system. 13. DIALOG MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM The Dalogue Management System (DMS) s desgned for Group Decson Members (GDM) wth a varety of New Delh Expressway System decson-makng needs. The GDM are able to select ther area of nterest Module (PPI / PFM / PIL / SAP). The DMS captures the GDM s preferences, degree of expertse, sklls and then nterprets the Group Decson Member s nput, whch s conveyed to Central Vson Navgator Board (CVNB) and fnally presents the result n the form of charts, text, graphs and tables along wth sutable form and vsual dsplays. The DMS capabltes of NHGDSSNES are broadly classfed nto two categores: Decson Support Dsplay Desk and Queres Support Dsplay Desk due to varety of users wth dfferent decson makng tasks. Whle Queres Support Dsplay Desk allows adhoc retreval of New Delh Expressway System Informaton, Decson Support Dsplay Desk supports the New Delh Expressway System decson-makng tasks and allows the user to generate a number of dsplays from the data avalable n the system, nto pre-defned format. 14. CONCLUSION An ANP-AHP based Group Decson Support System for Informaton Vsualzaton of New Delh Expressway System (NHGDSSNES) s presented and ts man components are analyzed and dscussed. In partcular emphass s focused on the Data Base Management Subsystem, Model Base Management Subsystem, Mult-crtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process (MIFDP) Methodology based Mult-crtera Futurstc Decson Process Platform and ANP-AHP based Qualty Decson Network-Vrtual Desk based Vson Technology Base, Central Vson Navgator Board and Dalog Management Subsystem. Vson Technology Base provdes a comprehensve framework for group decson makng of mult-crtera Complex decson problems of New Delh Expressway System for the next fve years by choosng the best one n a set of competng futurstc alternatves. NHGDSSNES facltates method that allows Group Decson Members to make manageral decson by combnng futurstc udgements and personal values n a logcal way. It solves ll-structured Expressway System Management problems and ncorporates the nformed futurstc udgement, assumpton and ntuton of experenced decson members. The system ncorporates the best of formal, ncremental and systematc paradgms and accounts for dynamc nteracton among Decson-members, proceedng logcally from New Delh Expressway Current Decson Plan through performance crtera to alternatve decsons or mxes of scenaros and acton plan. The desgned System can test exstng as well as new plans and several What-f stuatons and evaluate the assocated mpacts. The NHGDSSNES wll help n operatng at strategc, tactcal and operatonal level, through the best use of the exstng facltes. 15. RERENCES [1] Askn, R.G., and Dawson, D.W Maxmzng Customer Satsfacton by Optmal Specfcaton of Engneerng Characterstcs. IIE Transactons 32, [2] Hatcher, M.E A Vdeo Conferencng System for the Unted States Army: Group Decson- Makng n a Geographcally Dstrbuted Envronment. Decson Support Systems 8, [3] Khanna, I.K., Sngh, N., and Vrat, P Some Studes n Polcy Desgn and Analyss of Delh s Urban Passenger Transportaton System. Transportaton System Management and System Analyss and Polcy Studes. Tata McGraw Hll. [4] Lm, L., Raman, K., and Kwok-Kee, W Interactng effects of GDSS and Leadershp. Decson Support Systems 12, [5] Parda, N., and Gupta, A.K A Stated Preference Approach to Mode Choce Modelng n Delh. Transports urbans dans les pays en developpement, actes de la conference Tome 1, III.131-III.139. [6] Reddy, T.S., Bhata, N.L., and Suthar, H.H Traffc Flow Characterstcs of Selected Arterals n Delh. Transportaton Systems Studes: Analyss and Polcy. Papyrus Publshng House. [7] San, R., Saxena, P.K., and Kalra, P.K Internet Enabled Synergstc Intellgent Systems and ther Applcatons to Effcent Management of Operatonal Organzatons. Informaton Scences 127, [8] Sarna, A.C Traffc and Transportaton Problems of Indan Ctes-A Revew. Transportaton System Studes: Analyss and Polcy. Papyrus Publshng House. [9] Saxena, A., and Saxena, P.K Future Scan and Prospectve Vson of Delh Bus Transportaton System Usng Multcrtera Iteratve Futurstc Decson Process Methodology. Urban Transport Journal 4(1), [10] Sbal, V.K., Fnancng Urban Mass Transt Proects n Inda: wth a specal referenced to the proposed Delh MRTS. Transports urbans dans less pays en developpement, actes de la conference Tome 1, II [11] Tavana, M., Kennedy, D.T., and Joglekar, P A Group Decson Support Framework for Consensus Rankng of Techncal Manger Canddate. Omega 24(5), [12] Teng, J., and Ramamurthy, K Group Decson Support Systems: Clarfyng the Concept and Establshng a Functonal Taxonomy. INFOR 31(3),