Achieving Sustainable Water and Sanitation Outcomes with Indigenous Peoples in LAC

Transcription

1 Achieving Sustainable Water and Sanitation Outcomes with Indigenous Peoples in LAC Lilian Pena P. Weiss and Miguel Vargas-Ramirez November 29,

2 An inter-disciplinary team Led by Lilian Pena (Sr. WSS Specialist), Dianna Pizarro (Sr. Social Development Specialist) and Miguel Vargas- Ramirez (Sr. WSS Specialist). Written by Clémentine Stip (WSS Consultant) Supported by Ximena Traa-Valarezo (Anthropologist) Franz Rojas (Sr. WSS Specialist) Fernando Laca (Sr. WSS Specialist) Koffi Ekouevi (Sr. Economist) Ella Lazarte (WSS Specialist) Graciela Sanchez Martinez (Sr. Social Development Specialist) Santiago Scialabba (Social Development Specialist) Consultants: Sophie Theis, Ananda Paez, Sophie Ayling and Elizabeth Eiseman.

3 Why do we need a Toolkit to work with IPs? Indigenous peoples are the last mile to reach universal WSS coverage in LAC. 100% 90% 80% 70% Access gap: Improved Sanitation Regional Gap 26% 100% 90% 80% 70% Access gap: piped water Regional Gap 20% 60% 60% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Indigenous Non-indigenous Indigenous Non-indigenous 2 Source: WB Equity Lab

4 Wayúu children collect water, La Guajira. A Ngobe woman carries water for her family, Panama. 3

5 Why do we need a Toolkit to work with IPs? Even when investments target IPs, sustainability remains an issue. Sustainability of rural WSS committees in Nicaragua All Indigenous groups Non-indigenous Alto Wangki Bocay 100% Handwashing practices in rural Panama Indigenous Non-Indigenous 82% 69% 64% 55% 45% 33% 31% 0% 8% 3% 0% Sustainable At risk Never Sometimes Always 4 Source: SIASAR

6 Methodology Desk review Key informant interviews Field work in seven countries 5

7 Busting old myths IPs don t use sanitation solutions. Piped water is against their cosmovision. They don t want to pay for water. It s too difficult to work with IPs. 6

8 Toolkit Guiding Principles Respect Ownership Sustainability Aligned with the project cycle of a WSS intervention. Focused on experiences and tools. 7

9 Respect The recognition and respect for Indigenous peoples values, cultures, traditional organizations, and preferences in designing and implementing WSS projects. 8

10 Respect Take into account the Indigenous cosmovision and traditional structures at the national, regional and local levels. Ensure that there is local capacity to work with IPs (local language, knowledge of the local context and practices) and expertise on WSS WSS committee certificate presentation to the Cacique, Panama. 9

11 Respect Ensure that investment prioritization includes Indigenous areas and responds to the local priorities. Participation of Indigenous authorities Community Diagnosis Consultation processes in various Indigenous communities of Argentina. 10

12 Diagnosis Water for People in Bolivia 11

13 Respect Develop an intercultural participation strategy that establishes clear rules for decision-making and communication while respecting traditional organization. Past conflicts Appropriate budget Women s participation 12

14 Tool for consultations 13

15 Ownership Ownership is a community s commitment to adopt and use WSS services and to operate and maintain the system. 14

16 Ownership Propose WSS solutions that incorpórate the community s practices and preferences, Indigenous traditional knowledge and technical expertise. Use consultations to get the community s approval on: Technical solution and management model Beneficiary contribution to construction System handover Adapt to local market realities through flexible procurement and local materials. Distances Local capacity of the private sector 15 Ceramic filter, Paraguayan Chaco

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18 System 17 handover ceremony, Panama.

19 Ownership Build on existing institutions for the provision and management of services, respecting cultural norms. There is no one-size-fits all for management Transparent communication mechanisms Include traditional authorities Evaluate training needs In rural areas, a WSS committee with clear statutes and regulations with technical assistance from a speacialized third-party. In more concentrated areas, a WSS utility with strong social accompaniment. 18

20 Sustainability For WSS services to be sustainable, it is essential that adequate technology for each context be implemented, and that clear and legitimate mechanisms for O&M and responsibilities be in place in a way that is respectful of Indigenous rules and norms. 19

21 Sustainability Prepare and implement culturally appropriate trainings balancing existing behaviors with new essential practices. Sanitation (adoption, use) and hygiene Potential for reuse 20

22 Sustainability Payment for services is accepted in the majority of the communities visited. Alternative payment mechanisms Has to cover O&M costs! 21

23 Non-Monetary Contributions Monetary Contributions Payment mechanisms encountered in the field work Type of contribution Fixed tariff Consumption-based tariff O&M Fund Incorporation of the tariff payment in conditional transfers programs Land donation Faena/Minga Workforce Example Nicaragua (10 córdobas); Peruvian Amazon (10-12 soles) Bolivia Paraguayan Chaco JUNTOS Program in Peru is considering including the payment of water tariffs as a condition Tierras altas in Peru; Nicaragua Voluntary work in the construction, maintenance and repair of the service in Quechua and Aymara communities in Peru, Ecuador y Bolivia. Bolivia user rotation for O&M tasks 22 Commitment to attend training, workshops and WSS committee meetings Bolivia the users all have the knowledge required to carry out committee responsibilities

24 Sustainability Establishing a mechanism for the provision of technical assistance to operators is essential. Incorporation of and/or collaboration with the traditional authorities. Train the TA provider to work with IPs Adapt indocators, information systems and feedback mechanisms 23

25 High-level recommendations A national strategy for the WSS sector, elaborated jointly with IP organizations, that prioritizes Indigenous areas and identifies a work methodology. Complement Project teams with IP specialists. Include the beneficiaries and their traditional authorities in the definition of projects at the community level to better respond to their demands and preferences. Invest time and resources in the soft aspects (social accompaniment, training, consultations) along the Project cycle. 24

26 Thank you! Preliminary for Internal Discussion Merci! Gracias! Obrigado! Lilian Pena P. Weiss Miguel Vargas-Ramirez