OFF-SITE NUCLEAR EMERGENCY PLAN. SANTA MARÍA DE GAROÑA NPP (BURGOS, SPAIN)

Transcription

1 OFF-SITE NUCLEAR EMERGENCY PLAN. SANTA MARÍA DE GAROÑA NPP (BURGOS, SPAIN) Learning material for basic training response on off-sites nuclear emergency José Javier Basconcillos Arce Off-site Nuclear Emergency Technical Expert Subdelegación del Gobierno en Burgos October 2013

2 INDEX Pag I. INTRODUCTION... 3 I.1. Plan Target... 3 I.2. Planning levels... 3 I.3. Temporal scope... 3 I.4. Planning Zones... 4 II. ORGANIZATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS... 7 II.1. Leadership. 8 II.2. Executive... 8 II.3. Cabinet Information & Comunication (INFOCOM) 9 II.4. Advisory Committee... 9 II.5. Coordination & Technical Assistance Group (GCAT) 9 II.6. Radiological Group (GRAD) 10 II.7. Safety & Public Order Group (GPOL).. 10 II.8. Medical Group (GSAN).. 11 II.9. Logistical Support Group (GLOG). 12 II.10. Local Response Organizations (PAMEN). 12 II.11. Organizational structure Coordination Centres. 13 III. STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION 15 III.1. Operational principles III.2. Categories of events and Emergency situations 15 III.3. Countermeasures and emergency actions / 21

3 I. INTRODUCTION I.1. Plan target Accidents or incidents in Nuclear Power Plant Santa María de Garoña can result, in some cases and circumstances, situations of high collective risk, catastrophe or public disaster, similar to those provided to Law 2/1985 concerning to the Civil Protection in Spain. This law requires the holders of these facilities and public authorities, to dispose emergency plans to manage these situations. The purpose of the Off-site Nuclear Emergency Plan is to avoid or, at least, reduce as far as possible adverse effects from ionizing radiation on the population and their property in the event of an accident. Therefore, protective measures to the population and other emergency actions have been planned. I.2. Planning levels Planning for nuclear emergency response is set on two levels: On-site response level Emergency preparedness and response at this level are contained in the document On-Site Emergency Plan (PEI, its acronym in Spanish), specifically regulated by the Nuclear and Radioactive Facilities Regulation, approved by RD 1836/1999 and developed and implemented under the regulatory control of the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN). Off-site response level Emergency preparedness and response at this level are set in the Off-Site Emergency Plan for Santa María de Garoña NPP (PENBU), which also includes Action Plans Operating Groups, Municipal Action Plans (PAMEN) and Central Government Plan (PENCRA). Coordination between actions at both levels is established through appropriate Interphases, linking the accident Category (defined in terms of the amount and nature of the radioactive material that can be released to the outside), with the Emergency Situation (defined by the urgent protective measures to be taken). I.3. Temporal scope There are two phases in a nuclear emergency: Emergency Phase Period between the declaration of an emergency situation, as a result of a nuclear power plant accident, and the statement of the end of the emergency, when the 3 / 21

4 situation is under control because it has disappeared showing cause, or because are not planned more releases of radioactive material and have been implemented all the necessary countermeasures. Emergency situations are related to the levels of risk to the people and his property. They are declared on a proposal from the advisory bodies and determine protective measures to be taken. They apply on some specific areas that are called Planning Zones. Recovery phase It starts when the end of the emergency phase and comprises all measures to restore normal living conditions in the affected areas has been declared. I.4. Planning zones The territorial scope planning in PENBU is determined by the CSN, according the potential radiological consequences of a nuclear power plant accident. We distinguish the following planning zones (limits are for planning purposes only): Zone 0 or 'Zone Under Control of the Operator " This area is located around NPP Garoña and grounds that surround it. The dimensions of this area correspond to a circle of 350 m radius, centered on the NPP chimney. Within this exclusion area there is no resident population. The measures of protection and other emergency actions to be taken are specified in the On-site Emergency Plan. Zone I or "Zone Urgent Countermeasures" This is the area of the circle of 10 km radius, centered on the axis of the nuclear reactor. In this area the exposure pathways are associated with the transit of the radioactive cloud. That is, there's a hazard by direct exposure to irradiation, as well as a hazard of internal contamination by inhalation of radioactive material released during the accident. In this Zone, protection measures should be implemented to reduce the damage of deterministic effects in the population, caused by long-term doses of radioactive materials deposited and by ingestion of contaminated food and water. Zone I is divided into three subzones based on the level of hazard expected: IA (circle of 3 km radius), IB (circular ring between the circumferences of radius 3 to 5 Km) y IC (circular ring between the circumferences of radius 5 to 10 Km). Zone II or "Zone of Long-term Countermeasures" Circular ring between the circumferences of radius 10 to 30 Km. In this zone, radiation exposure is associated mainly to radioactive material deposited on the ground after the 4 / 21

5 accident. Protection measures will be established to reduce long-term doses from radioactive substances deposited and the ingestion of contaminated food and water. FIGURE 1. Planning zones In a true accident the implementation of protective measures may be limited to a part of the planning zones or beyond further, depending on their severity and weather conditions. Therefore, to get efficiency in the implementation of urgent protective measures, are established the sector and the area of priority care: Sector of priority care It is the circular sector of wind rose, in the main wind direction and centered on the axis of the reactor, whose amplitude is π / 8 radians, along with the two adjacent sectors with equal amplitude. Area of of priority care Is the land wich includes all Subzone IA, along with the Sector of priority care to the limit of Subzone IB. 5 / 21

6 FIGURE 2. Sector of priority care FIGURE 3. Area of of priority care 6 / 21

7 II. ORGANIZATION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS PENBU establishes a hierarchical organizational structure that allows in nuclear emergencies, coordinated action and effective implementation of measures to protect the population and other emergency operations. Fundamental principles that justify the hierarchical organizational structure are: Single control, management and coordination of own and outer resources and implementation of protective measures and emergency operations. Prior assignment of roles and responsibilities. Joint responsibility among administrations. Colaboration of holder of NPP. Emergency management supported by Operational Coordination Centers. The off-site response level is divided into two separate organizations: Off-site Nuclear Emergency Plan for NPP Garoña (PENBU) and Nuclear Emergency Plan for Central Level Response and Support (PENCRA). The off-site emergency response will be headed, coordinated and executed by PENBU organization. The extraordinary support and international aid will be coordinated by PENCRA organization FIGURE 4. Organization Chart for PENBU 7 / 21

8 II.1. Leadership Leadership is headed by the Director and is also composed by a representative of every regions affected by the PENBU. His responsibilities include: Directing, coordinating and activating the PENBU organization through the declaration of emergency situations according to the proposals of CSN, nature of the accident and weather conditions. Deciding and ordering the application of health protection measures and other emergency actions that must be performed in the affected areas. Informing to the population actually affected by the emergency, to the competent authorities and stakeholders. Ensuring coordination with the PEI and PENCRA directors. Requesting specials means and resources to the PENCRA Director. Approving and directing the information programs to the population likely to be affected, training of intervening personnel and management resources and means. Approving relationships and catalogs of material and resources. II.2. Executive It comprises the Chiefs of the PENBU Task Forces, along with a representative of the local government in Zone I. In the event of an emergency, joins a representative of the Ministry of Defence and the Chief Commissioner of the National Police in Burgos. The functions of the Executive: Advising the Leadership in decision-making, proposing protection measures to be applied, the information content for the affected population and the request special means and resources. Ensuring effective coordinated actions by operational groups in the affected areas. Coordinating countermeasures and other emergency actions that will be carried out by the directors of local emergency plans Coordinating all activities to implement and maintainance the effectiveness of PENBU, becoming permanent working group. Developing and implementing information programs to the population likely to be affected, training of intervening personnel, resource and means management and exercises and drills. Determining the means and resources to ensure the effective implementation of protective measures and other emergency actions planned. 8 / 21

9 II.3. Cabinet Information & Comunication (INFOCOM) The Cabinet Head is the only spokesman of PENBU in the emergency. Is responsable for preparing and disseminating the information and tips to the population established by the Director of PENBU. II.4. Advisory Committee Advice on nuclear and radiological issues corresponds to the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN). This agency will advise the Director of PENBU about all matters directly related to the operational status of nuclear power plant, in the event of an incident or accident, and about the radiological consequences of it. CSN shall propose protective measures and emergency actions to be taken, areas where countermeasures will be implemented and emergency situations that could be reported according to the radiological risk. II.5. Coordination & Technical Assistance Group (GCAT) The funtions of the Coordination & Technical Assistance Group are: Facilitating coordinated action to the operating groups Providing technical assistance and operational support to staff integrated into the PENBU Coordination Center (CECOP), in emergency. Coordinating the actions in affected municipalities. Collecting from coordination centers information about the emergency that requires the Director of PENBU. Transmitting, receiving and recording communications during the emergency. Monitoring the proper operation of the systems and equipment in the CECOP during the emergency. FIGURE 5. Coordination and Technical Assistance Group: organization chart 9 / 21

10 II.6. Radiological Group (GRAD) It consists of trained staff on nuclear safety and radiological protection coming from Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) and companies that provides services to this organization. The functions of the CSN materialise in the definition of the nuclear safety and radiological protection criteria to be added to the plans drawn up. The functions of Radiological Group: Monitoring the evolution of the accident and possible radiological impacts on the population. Describing radiological situation in the area affected by the accident. Performing dosimetric control to the intervening personnel. Collaborating with PENBU Medical Group to identify the intervening personnel and population groups that should be subject to monitoring and medical surveillance due to the radiation exposure. Measuring and evaluating external and internal contamination of the potentially contaminated population. Measuring and evaluating contamination on vehicles and facilities. Radioactive waste management. FIGURE 6. Radiological Group: organization chart II.7. Safety & Public Order Group (GPOL) This Group includes National Security Corps staff in the provinces of Burgos, Álava, Vizcaya and La Rioja, Basque Police and Local Police. The functions of GPOL: Regulation and control the entry, exit and transit at all the people and vehicles in the affected areas. 10 / 21

11 Facilitating the flow of evacuation routes and public warnings, as well as access to the Classification and Decontamination Stations (ECD) and Provisional Shelters (ABRS). Controlling the evacuation of the population. Facilitating the movement on the roads in the affected areas. Keeping safety and public order in affected areas. Protection the property of the evacuated population. Collaboration with other operative groups and local response organizations in the implementation of measures to protect the population. FIGURE 7. Safety & Public Order Group: organization chart II.8. Medical Group (GSAN) It consists of health professionals working in health services to the regions of Castile and Leon, the Basque Country and La Rioja. It also includes veterinarians and pharmacists working in the affected areas. The functions of GSAN: Implementing health protection measures, mainly radiological prophylaxis and external and internal decontamination of people. Classifying the sensitive population groups. Providing urgent health care to people irradiated and / or contaminated. Identifying, in accordance with the Radiological Group, the intervening personnel and population groups to be subject to monitoring and health surveillance. Providing health care in the municipalities affected by the emergency, ECD's and Provisional Shelters. Perform medical transport. Providing psychological and social assistance to the population that needs it. 11 / 21

12 FIGURE 8. Medical Group: organization chart II.9. Logistical Support Group (GLOG) It's made up by Civil Defense personnel from Castilla y León, La rioja and the Basque Country and services involved in Regional Emergency Plans. The functions of GLOG: Transporting, supplying and sheltering the population that needs it. Providing transportation for personnel and equipments for the intervention groups and local response organizations, if necessary. Providing services of firefighting and rescue. Working with local response organizations in the shelter of the population. Providing logistical support to other Groups, if necessary. FIGURE 9. Logistical Support Group: organization chart II.10. Local Response Organizations (PAMEN) All municipalities that may be affected in the incident of a nuclear emergency, have local response organizations. Due to its proximity, local authorities can be very efficient in performing tasks such as public warning or evacuation of schools. These emergency actions will be coordinated and supported by Coordination and Technical Assistance 12 / 21

13 Group. To develop the functions assigned, municipalities have a Local Operational Coordination Center, located usually in their own Town Hall. The Mayor of each municipality affected is the Director of the respective Municipal Action Plan in Nuclear Emergency. Functions common to all PAMEN are: Alerting, information and public warning. Cattle stabling. Collaboration on the control of water and food and quarantines. Collaboration on the maintenance of public order and traffic regulation. Collaboration on the evacuation of schools. Transmission, receipt and recording of communications during the emergency. Only for PAMEN of Zone I: Collaborating on the evacuation, distribution of supplies to the confined population, delivery of potassium iodide and evacuation of critical groups. Only for PAMEN with clasification and decontamination facilities (ECD): Enabling and preparing ECD's to be ready in the event of an emergency. Collaboration in the proceedings of the operational services in the ECD. Only for PAMEN with temporary shelters: Providing supplies and shelter to the evacuated population. FIGURE 10. Municipal Action Plan in Nuclear Emergency: organization chart II.11. Organizational structure Coordination Centres The PENBU complex structure is determined mainly by the territorial scope of its implementation: 77 municipalities in four provinces in three regions. The management and monitoring of the actions of all operational services that can be activated during the 13 / 21

14 emergency, has encouraged by the establishment of several levels of coordination, according to the following scheme: FIGURE 11. Communication flowchart coordination centers 14 / 21

15 III. STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION III.1. Operational principles The emergency performances will be founded and guided by the following principles and criteria: Precautionary principle The decisions and measures to be taken in emergency would have been adopted taking into account mainly the safety. Radiological principles Protection measures and other actions to be carried out to address nuclear emergencies will be considered "interventions", for the purposes of as provided in Title VI of the Regulation on health protection against ionizing radiation (RD783/2001, of July 6). In this sense, "CSN shall establish intervention levels to indicate the situations in which intervention is appropriate. Principle of operational standardization To guarantee the effectiveness and efficiency in the management of emergencies, PENBU normalizes the operations by means of prior planning of protective measures and emergency action. Principle of scientific or technical justification Determination of the protective measures and other actions in emergency will require for their adoption of a technical evaluation prior to the events and estimating their likely evolution as well as the estimation of radiation effects on the population and environment accordance with procedures approved by the CSN. Principle of coordinated actions The actions of the PENBU bodies are developed in a coordinated way and in agreement with operating procedures in emergency, in order to get maximum efficiency in the protection of people and their property. Criteria of timing of the emergency Nuclear emergencies are classified as short-term emergency, where their foreseeable duration is less than 3 days; half-term, when expected period exceeding 3 days and less than 15 days; and long-term, if the expected duration is more than 15 days. III.2. Categories of events and Emergency situations The On-site Emergency Plan (PEI) of the Garoña NPP classifies foreseeable accidents into four categories, depending on the level of degradation in the safety of the plant and 15 / 21

16 the radioactivity released or that could be released in an unfavorable development of the accident. Category I: events limited in its extent and severity, which may involve a potential degradation of the nuclear safety, but without expected discharges that require additional surveillance measures. Category II: events that can bring substantial degradation on the safety level of the nuclear power plant. These events could cause a release of radioactive material in amounts that exposure levels off-site shall be below the minimum established to initiate protection measures to population. Category III: events that may cause significant failures in the functions of the NPP which are required to protect people. As a result of these events, can be released radioactive material off-site in such quantities as to cause exposure levels close to the minimum for initiating protection measures to population. Category IV: events that cause or may cause a degradation of the NPP or fusion of the core, with possible loss of the containment integrity. As a result of these events can be released radioactive material off-site in such quantities as to cause exposure levels are equal or higher than minimum for initiating protection measures to the population. PENBU establishes four emergency situations classified from 0 to 3, which are related to the category of the event and the possible damage to population. These situations determine the type and extent of protective measures and emergency action to be adopted. Situations will be declared for a given area, as defined under Title I of PENBU (Planning Zones), and corresponds CSN determining the extent of the areas subject to the declaration of the emergency situation and the proposal the protective measures to implement, depending on the radiological criteria of PLABEN. In the early stages of an emergency, during which there may be a high degree of uncertainty, it is possible to establish a direct relationship between the Categories of accidents and emergency Situations to facilitate and expedite the decision making for the implementation of protective measures according to chart I. On the same grounds, there should be a direct relationship, for guidance, of the protective measures and emergency actions that can be applied in every emergency. (Note: each declared Situation includes all protective measures and emergency action in previous Situations). 16 / 21

17 CHART I. Relationship between Categories of accidents and emergency Situations CAT. SIT. EMERGENCY ACTIONS PROTECTIVE MEASURES I 0 Reporting and verification of incident None Declaration by Situation 0 Notifications II, III 1 Emergency evaluation and proposals Public warnings Declaration by Situation 1 Activation PENBU Access control Operating CECOP and communications Schools evacuation Evolution and monitoring of emergency Eviction of passers Accreditation & classification staff intervening Control of self-evacuation Staff turnover Self-protection intervention staff Staff provisioning Rescue and fire fighting Healthcare and social assistance IV 2 Declaration by Situation 2 Security and public safety Integrating extraordinary means & resources Radiological prophylaxis (IK) Control of water and food - Quarantines Cattle stabling Confinement of population Evacuation of critical groups 3 Declaration by Situation 3 Classification and decontamination people Classification and decontamination pets Classification and decontamination facilities Evacuation & sheltering Health surveillance of intervention staff III.3. Protective measures and emergency actions Reporting and verification of incident The Director of PEI of NPP Garoña will report, as soon as possible, to Director of PENBU the accidents that would require PENBU activation, explicitly informing the category in which the event is classified, including initial assessment and foreseeable evolution consequences of the accident. Emergency Declaration Activation PENBU Director of PENBU will start the emergency plan activation by the reglamentary declaration in order to apply protective measures and emergency actions. PENBU activation also involve activation of integrated plans (Operatives Groups, local response organizations) and Nuclear Emergency Plan for Central Level Response and Support (PENCRA). 17 / 21

18 Notifications Notifications are official statements issued by the Director of PENBU to report the accident, to declare the emergency Situations and to order the application of protective measures to population. Notifications are addressed to the competent authorities and stakeholders. Director of PENBU will immediately alert to Mayors and Autonomous Communities authorities that may be affected, as well as the Director of PENCRA. Emergency evaluation and proposals Determination of the protective measures and other emergency actions will require technical evaluation prior for their adoption and estimating their likely evolution as well as the radiation effects on people and the environment. CSN will propose protective measures to be taken in each case to the Director of PENBU, who will declare emergency situations and will decide on protective measures to be applied, taking into account the proposal and other circumstances surrounding the emergency. FIGURE 12. Flowchart of emergency evaluation and proposal Operating CECOP and communications The PENBU provides the coordination of all actions in emergencies through coordination centers at different levels (see Figure 11). All coordination centers should establish procedures, systems and devices that ensure communication among them during the emergency. 18 / 21

19 Advanced Command Posts (PMA) and other facilities (such as ECD) are planned. The Head of PMA is responsible for coordinating all services and operating at the facility. Evolution and monitoring of emergency All managers and team leaders must report regularly to their respective coordination centers. This information will send to the CECOP. The Technical Support Service and Communications staff are responsibles to collect and summarize all important events.. Accreditation & classification staff intervening PENBU intervention staff must be previously accredited and classificated. Accreditations can get at the CECOP, in access controls or PMA. Staff turnover Emergency plans of the operational groups will establish necessary turns for intervening staff, taking into account firstly radiological protection. Staff provisioning Emergency plans of the operational groups will have procedures to suply fuel and consumables to operational teams and coordinations centers, considering the timing of the emergency. Integrating extraordinary means & resources The extraordinary support and, where appropriate, international assistance, will be coordinated and made available to the Director of PENBU through PENCRA organization. Public warnings PENBU establishes the procedures and necessary means to ensure quick and appropriate news coverage to population actually affected and all stakeholders. This protective measure can be executed by the local response organizations, by the Access Control Service, and by the Information and Communications Office of the PENBU. Access control This protective measure involves police and radiological controls at points of major roads for supplies, evacuation and shelter in the planning zones in order to: regulate the traffic of people and means in the event of an emergency nuclear, facilitate emergency management, and reduce the collective dose. 19 / 21

20 Schools evacuation Protective measure intended to close schools in the early stages of the accidentand to return the students safely in their family units (for emergency Situations 1 or 2 only). If Situation 3 is declared, school must be directly evacuated. Eviction of passers This measure is intended to alert passers (hotels, camping) to quickly leave the danger zone. If Situation 3 is declared, this measure is not effective for the application of the protective measure "Evacuation & sheltering". Control of self-evacuation This measure aims to prevent people from being damaged by hasty or massive flight. Self-protection intervention staff PENBU specifically considered the risk from exposure to ionizing radiation to intervening staff through dosimetric control. This protective measure involves specific means, such as radiation meters and dosimeters, available for the intervention of the staff in risk zones. Rescue and fire fighting In emergency situations can present fire incidents, rescue and salvage, if particularly significant release of radioactive material. Healthcare and social assistance Emergency health care, for the purposes of planning, begins with knowledge of the accident and ends with the delivery of patient to hospital services. Social assistance focuses its attention on the population evacuated to the ECD and ABRS. Security and public safety Protection measure intended to prevent or reduce damage from non-standard behaviors of people in declared emergency situations, supporting the implementation of measures and emergency action, and informing the CECOP. Radiological prophylaxis (IK) The ingestion of potassium iodide, prior the exposure to radiation, is effective to reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland. PENBU provides availability, storage and distribution of potassium iodide to population and intervening staff, pharmacological information, and management of their intake. There are three levels of potassium iodide reservoir for distribution to the affected population and intervening staff: localities in the municipalities of Zone I, health centers and police stations with assignments in access controls 20 / 21

21 Control of water and food - Quarantines It is a set of actions that aim to prevent ingestion of radioactive material contained in products that come into the food chain, which have been contaminated as a result of the nuclear accident. Cattle stabling This measure aims to: prevent contamination of livestock and pets in the event of release of radioactive material; to prevent the spread of contamination by livestock traffic, to help care for the animals and to prevent that radioactive isotopes pass to the food chain through eating of contaminated food by cattle. Confinement of population Consists that population remain in their homes, in order to avoid external exposure to the radioactive cloud and the material deposited on the ground, as well as internal exposure by inhalation of radioactive substances. Moreover, this measure serves as a means to concentrate and inform the population and to facilitate the implementation of protective measures such as evacuation and radiological prophylaxis. Evacuation of critical groups It consists of the evacuation and shelter of the family unit where there are one or more persons belonging to critical groups. The critical groups are, for the purposes of emergency planning, all those people for whom the degree of tolerance to physical and biological parameters derived from a nuclear accident is much lower than the general population. Classification and decontamination people In the event of a nuclear accident with release of radiative material the entire affected population and intervening staff shall be classified under their exposure to radiation and pollution. For the application of this protective measure to the evacuated people, there are facilities, called Classification and Decontamination Stations, located on the main routes of evacuation and supplies. Evacuation & sheltering This countermeasure consists of eviction of the entire population in risk zones and subsequent emergency shelter in safe area. 21 / 21