S M A R T G R I D I N T E R O P E R A B I L I T Y P A N E L. Nokhum Markushevich (With contribution from Joe Hughes) TnD DEWG 1

Transcription

1 S M A R T G R I D I N T E R O P E R A B I L I T Y P A N E L EXCHANGE OF AGGREGATED INFORMATION BETWEEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DOMAINS (THE TRANSMISSION BUS LOAD MODEL CONCEPT) Nokhum Markushevich (With contribution from Joe Hughes) TnD DEWG 1

2 Reasons for Aggregated Exchange Between Transmission and Distribution Operations Improved knowledge of the wide area state of the system - Monitors the State of the Entire Power System in realtime Development of EMS and DMS Advanced Applications Improved ability to prepare for abnormal conditions from an overall systems perspective Integration of emerging customer dynamics: Demand Response/Real Time Pricing Improved Load Modeling and Forecasting of dynamic Customer Loads

3 Transmission and Distribution Domains Active Distribution Network PE CX NO LTC DT VR PCC EMS PCC Generation/Transmission LV DG ES DG SM DG DG DG Energy Management System DG HAN Appliances SM DR Customer Distribution Management System

4 KEY TRANSMISSION ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS) APPLICATIONS 4

5 EMS monitoring functions Topology monitoring (incl. states of controlling devices) State estimation (SE) Dynamic limit monitoring (DLM) Network Sensitivity Analysis (NSA) Reserve monitoring (RM) Steady-state contingency analysis (SCA) Dynamic security analysis (DSA) Cyber Security Contingency Analysis (CSCA) Intelligent alarm processing (IAP)

6 Near-real-time EMS optimization and control functions Optimal Power Flow (OPF), includes Volt/var management Security Constrained Dispatch (SCD) Economic Dispatch (ED) Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Ancillary Service functions

7 Near real time pre-arming and re-coordination functions Relay protection (RP) Load-shedding (LSh) Generator-shedding (GenSh) Fast generator starts based on operational parameters (GenStart) Intentional islanding in transmission (T-Islanding)) Voltage/var management (VVM) Distributed generation pre-setting (DER) Demand response pre-setting (DR) Electric storage pre-setting (ES) Re-coordination of protection in distribution systems (RPRC)

8 Real-time restorative functions Auto-synchronization Restoration of shed loads (Load) After under-frequency load shedding After under-voltage load shedding After special load shedding Reset of distributed generation (DER) Reset of Demand Response (DR) Reset of electric storage (ES) Reset of VVO objective (VVM)

9 DMS Applications Real-time Distribution Operation Model and Analysis (DOMA) Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR) Voltage/Var/Watt Optimization (VVWO) Distribution Contingency Analysis (DCA) Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration (MFR) Relay Protection Re-coordination (RPRC) Pre-arming of Remedial Action Schemes (PRAS) Coordination of Emergency Actions (CEmA) Coordination of Restorative Actions (CRA) Intelligent Alarm Processing (IAP)

10 Interrelationships between DMS and EMS functions (non-exhaustive) DOMA FLIR VVWO DCA MFR PrRAS LF TBLM SE DLM NSA SCA DSA CSCA LSh Gensh Genstart Islanding Pre-arming CrdEA VVM CrdRA SCD OPF ED VVM Optimization/control DR DER/ES LOAD DER/ES DR

11 How to Exchange Information between T&D to Coordinate with Multiple Monitoring and Control Nodes? It is unrealistic to expect that the monitoring and control of transmission operations will reach out to every device and every function in the distribution and customer domains. The T/D buses of the near-real time model of transmission operations are the demarcation points between transmission and distribution domains.

12 Transmission Bus Load Model (TBLM) Active Distribution Network PE CX NO LTC Generation/Transmission DT LV VR DG PCC EMS ES PCC DG SM DG DG DG DG HAN SM DR Appliances Customer LTC TBLM/V PP It is suggested aggregating the capabilities and the dynamics of distribution operations into TBLM Generation/Transmission

13 Load Model as a Component of TBLM Externa l Signals With DER and ES Total Load With VVWC Demand Response Under-frequency Load Shedding Under-voltage Load Shedding Load Curtailment This information should be generated by DMS and should be made available to EMS

14 Other Components of TBLM VPP technical and economic functions and attributes Aggregated capability curves Aggregated real and reactive load-to-voltage dependencies Aggregated real and reactive load-to-frequency dependencies Aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on Demand response control signals, Dynamic prices, Weather, etc. Aggregated dispatchable load Model forecast Overlaps of different load management functions, which use the same load under different conditions. Ownership of DER, ways of controlling (jurisdiction, related to regulatory issues) Degree of uncertainty..

15 Information Exchange between T&D Domains 15 AMI processor DER/ES processor Distribution domain Subst. LTC, Shunts, SVC T&G domains PMU DR processor PEV processor Load model Processor Secondar y Processor RAS DSCADA DMS DOMA VVWO FLIR Emerg. apps TBLM Processor Data Control TBLM EMS SE CA OPF/SCD ED Pre-arm Islanding Restoration SCADA T&G devices Topology model

16 Use of TBLM by EMS Applications

17 For normal operating conditions Wide Area Situational Awareness (WASA) Model Updates (includes TBLM) State Estimation (provides voltage angles for MFR and FLIR) Network Sensitivity Analysis (includes TBLM) Optimal Power Flow - uses controllable parameters and constraints through TBLM Economic Dispatch - takes into account aggregated VPP, DER/ES through TBLM Reserve Monitoring - takes into account DER/ES, DR, IVVWO through TBLM Other. 17

18 For Emergency Operating Conditions Steady-state contingency analysis - Uses aggregated TBLM variables, e.g., load-to-voltage and load-to-frequency dependencies, DER and DR behavior Dynamic security analysis - Uses aggregated TBLM variables, e.g., dynamic load-to-voltage and load-to-frequency dependencies, DER and DR behavior Near Real-time Pre-arming - Includes Aggregated Remedial Action Schemes and DER protection schemes in distribution Service restoration - Provides availability from transmission standpoint for restoring loads, DER/ES, DR, and normal IVVWO operations 18

19 Contingency Analysis (example) Two-area load-rich transmission-generation island with DER in distribution (after the fault) 19 Area 1 Area 2 DER1 UFLSmg1 Pem-jQem DER2 UFLSmg2 MG1 MG2 G11 G12 G21 G22 UFLS-I and II for Area 1 Load 1 Load 2 UFLS-I and II for Area 2 Disconnected Connected

20 DMS Applications and TBLM

21 Distribution Operation Modeling and Analysis (DOMA) ADA Apps Adequacy Reliability (DCA) Efficiency Power quality Remedial Action Schemes Dynamic limits Dispatchable loads TBLM Operator Other systems Power flow model Transm. DER and Micro-grid models Load models model Connectivity, facility, and secondary models EMS GIS CIS AMI Customer EMS SCADA DER, PEV, ES, DR, Micro-grids, VPP Engineering

22 INTEGRATED VOLTAGE,, VAR, AND WATT CONTROL ONTROL (IVVWC) Customer bill Secondary voltage kw, kvar demand T&D power flow T&D losses Volt Control (LTC, VR, PE) Watt Control (DER/ES/DR) Var Control (Capacitors, DER) Circuit loading Voltage and Power Factor in transmission Power Quality Generation Transmission Congestion Operating reserve Generation capacity LM P TBLM EMS Applications

23 Inter- and Intra-domain Objectives of IVVWC Ensure standard voltages at customer service terminals Reduce load by a given value Conserve energy Minimize feeder segment(s) overload Reduce or eliminate overload in transmission lines Reduce or eliminate voltage violations in transmission Provide reactive power support for transmission Provide spinning reserve support Reduce cost of energy Reduce energy losses in D&T 23

24 Cross-cutting Aspects of Contingency Analysis The transmission contingency analyses should define whether the distortion can cause significant disconnection of DERs and reactions of other controlling devices Disconnection of these DERs may cause overloads and undervoltages in distribution and can worsen the situation in the transmission system. The severity of the contingency also depends on the DER protection settings and on load-generation balance of micro-grids Models of the emergency behavior of DER, DR, ES and other controlled devices aggregated at the transmission buses should be made available to WAMPAC applications The probable distortions of transmission operations should be made available to the DMS for the DCA to assess the possible consequences. 24

25 Cross-cutting Aspects of Feeder Reconfiguration Use EMS input on phase angle differences before paralleling in distribution Use information on congestions in transmission for swapping load between buses with different LMPs Use information from customer domain on operations of DER/ES and DR and information from AMI 25

26 Cross-cutting aspects of Protection Recoordination and Coordination of Emergency Actions The applications will receive pre-arming signals from WAMCS and will change the setups of distribution-side remedial action schemes WAMCS applications will take into account the protection settings of the DER and the generation-load balances of micro-grids the available extent and timing of the distribution-side remedial schemes, which should be armed CEmA will recognize the emergency situations and will coordinate the objectives, modes of operation, and constraints of other Advanced DMS applications. 26

27 Cross-cutting Aspects of Coordination of Restorative Actions CRA will coordinate the restoration of services and normal operations based on the availabilities in distribution, transmission, and generation domains after the emergency conditions are fully or partially eliminated. 27

28 High-level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use Case

29 High-level Activity Diagram for the TBLM Use Case

30 Standards Involved in the Support Of TBLM IEC x IEC IEC ICCP/TASE 2 Multispeak COMFEDE: IEEE P DNP3..

31 Conclusions To make the dynamic optimization of power system operations manageable in a holistic manner, the following is suggested: decompositions of the operational models of each domain aggregated information exchange between the domains The concept of the aggregated Distribution Operation Models at the transmission buses (TBLM) is suggested so meet these requirements The TBLM provides a framework for integrating the EMS and DMS applications into an overall smart grid operations infrastructure The sophistication of the TBLM and the Smart Grid applications should match the complexity of the processes in power systems to achieve maximum benefits. 31

32 TBLM and T&D DEWG Roles Provides a big picture strategic view and an overall Architecture Framework for advanced Smart Grid power engineering applications The TBLM Framework is needed for: Strategic Coordination Across Key Domains and Applications Augmenting present Standards Development Work Identifying Gaps/Harmonization needed within present systems and standards development: e.g. Semantic Integration Identification of both application and standards development priorities

33 TnD DEWG Up-to-date Accomplishments and Plans

34 Accomplishments Introduction of the TBLM concept Objective Narrative Rationale (cross-cutting aspects of TnD operations) Development of high-level TBLM Use Case Description of major actors Activity Diagram Description of Pre-conditions Description of Interfaces Plan for further TnD work

35 Tentative Plan for TnD DEWG related to the TBLM Completion of the high-level use case for the TBLM - December Development of the second-level use cases for the TBLM (detailing the high-level use case)-february 2012 Development of messages of the use cases- March 2012 Association of the messages with existing standards- April 2012 Defining the gaps in the standards, if any - April 2012 Defining overlaps of different standards related to the TBLM and the need for harmonization Beyond May 2012 Development of use cases for EMS applications with integration of the TBLM - Beyond May 2012.

36 Draft list of Scenario Categories for TBLM Use Cases Develop aggregated DER capability curves for TBLM Develop aggregated model of dispatchable load for TBLM Develop aggregated real and reactive load-to-voltage dependencies Develop aggregated real and reactive load-to-frequency dependencies Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on Demand response control signals Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on dynamic prices, Develop aggregated real and reactive load dependencies on weather, etc.

37 Draft list of Scenarios Categories for TBLM Use Cases (Cont.) Develop aggregated real and reactive short-term load model forecast Develop models of overlaps of different load management functions, which use the same load under different conditions. Assess the degree of uncertainty of TBLM component models Develop Virtual Power Plant technical models Develop Virtual Power Plant economic models Develop aggregated model of DER based on ownership of DER, ways of controlling (jurisdiction, related to regulatory issues)

38 Recommended first priority Use Cases for TnD DEWG, PAP 14 (with TBLM involvement for coordination between domains) Steady-state Contingency Analysis Voltage Stability Analysis Frequency Stability Analysis Cyber Security Contingency Analysis Optimal Power Flow/Security Constrained Dispatch Reserve Monitoring Other WAMPAC (Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, And Control) applications

39 Thank You! Contacts: NIST Lead: Jerry Fitzpatrick, Co-Lead: Robert Saint, EnerNex Technical Champions: Joe Hughes, Nokhum Markushevich,