E-SCRAP GUIDELINE E-SCRAP RECYCLING. english. We print on 100% recycled paper. TITECH s innovations are helping to produce it.

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1 E-SCRAP GUIDELINE E-SCRAP RECYCLING english We print on 00% recycled paper. s innovations are helping to produce it.

2 THE MARKET S GROWING Eingangsmaterial / Monitore Sims Recycling Solutions / Eindhoven / NL RECYCLING RATIOS FOR THE 0 EU EQUIPMENT CATEGORIES Material recycling Material and energetic recycling Why E-Scrap recycling is worth while! The growing demand for high-value secondary materials renders high quality recycling more and more attractive. EU LEGISLATION INCREASES THE RECYCLING DEMAND. Large household appliances (washing machines, stoves, dishwashers) 0. Automatic dispensers (vending machines, ATMs) 75% 80% In the EU, experts estimate over 8 million tons of disused electrical equipment in 200. These contain resources like steel, aluminium, gold, silver, platinum, The WEEE Directive by the EU (RL 2002/96/EC) prescribes binding recycling rations for disused electrical equipment, and this directive is rati ed 3. IT and telecommunications equipment (copiers, telephones, mobile phones) 4. Consumer equipment (TVs, players, stereo systems) 65% 75% copper and plastics as well as some hazardous substances. in more and more countries. The recycled 2. Small household appliances (toasters, hair dryers, coffee makers) 02 Just compare: E-scrap contains up to a 00 times more precious metals than the same amount of the primary resource ore. amount will keep increasing, hence more disused equipment will be collected in real life than the required minimum ratio. And that means: The market s growing. 5. Lighting equipment (lamps, lights ) 6. Electrical and electronic tools (drillers, saws, lawnmowers) 7. Toys, leisure, sports and recreational equipment (betting machines, fitness devices) 8. Medical devices (analysis devices and machines) 50% 70% Monitoring and control instruments (smoke detectors, thermostats) Source: WEEE Directive (RL 2002/96/EC) / The recycling ratios are minimum requirements and refer to the average weight per device. / Proof of recycling rations has been mandatory since December / The minimum collection ratio in the EU is 4 kilogram per inhabitant and year. The ratio for material recycling of HID lamps is 80 %.

3 HIGH OUTPUT QUALITY: FIVE KEY FACTORS combisense HIGH SHARE OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS The main resources in E-scrap are valuable metals. MATERIAL COMPOSITION OF THE WEEE CATEGORIES 9 Average composition Ferrous metals 2 40 % 30% Modern sorting systems are expected to recover as many resources as possible in high quality, at the same time keeping the process and disposal costs as low as possible.. The composition of the input, the bulk weight and the impurities must be analysed in detail, and the output must be speci ed unambiguously. All these factors as possible. A reliable manual pollutant elimination after pre-crushing allows for generating special fractions like electric motors or motherboards. 4. Sensor-based sorting systems generate material fractions of high purity. 5. Optimum combination and coordination of the 04 NF metals (incl. PCBs) 25 % Plastics (all types) 30 % 25% 5% are the basis for the entire planning stage especially regarding the technology involved. 2. Classifying the material according to grain size and dividing it into lightweight and heavy fraction. The machines in the system (multi-shift operation with batch options) This allows for a maximum yield of precious fractions like 05 Glass, wood, other 5 % 40% material size mainly determines further sorting steps and processing procedures. To achieve this, the ow PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards), copper, iron, cables or aluminium and for achieving material purities of up to 95 %. of waste is shredded mechanically in one or two steps. For only high quality can be marketed to the optimum. 3. Components that cannot be recycled as well as Source: KERP Kompetenzzentrum Elektronik & Umwelt, 2009 pollutants must be sorted out of the process as early without large appliances/cooling devices, screens and TVs 2 Ferrous metals including stainless steel

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR MODERN PROCESSING Input inspection Hazards/Waste Shredder Air classifier Films & Dust E-SCRAP SORTING SIMPLIFIED FLOWCHART nder / Aurubis Recyclingzentrum / Lünen / GER Magnet Ferrous Electric equipment has a complex composition. This provides a challenge for machines and for every sys- Sensor-based sorting systems can: Manual control Computer boards & waste Non ferrous metal Mixed Non Ferrous 06 tem concept. With the help of sensor-based technologies we can generate higher quality fractions like non ferrous metal mono fractions, plastics, glass, and compounds containing precious metals out of E-scrap. The core components of conventional processing are as follows: shredders, air separators, magnet, manual controls, sieves, and non-ferrous metal separators. In order to achieve the required yield and purity for optimum value creation, sorting systems are often used downstream of the ferrous and non-ferrous metal separators in recycling plants. recovery of secondary raw material upgrade products separate impurities detect hazardous substances In standard processes, the optimum grain size to detect and sort is between 8 and 80 mm. The bandwidth of sorters even spans from 2 to 50 mm. Best results are yielded if the grain sizes are split into two to four grain size classes. Non ferrous metals Printed circuit boards Screen Eddy current separator Batchoption Batchoption combisense Copper Brass <20mm 20 60mm Magnet finder Mixed Non Ferrous * FR Flame Retardant * GP General Purpose (without FR) Eddy current separator autosort ABS /ABS-PC,5 / PC 5 finder autosort PS 2 /PE 3 &PP 4 xtract Residue Residue FR * Plastic GP * plastic 07 Dry-mechanical sorting of the WEEE categories 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 (see also page 3) Acrylonitrile butadienetyreme copolymer 2 Polystyrene 3 Polyethylene 4 Polypropylene 5 Polycarbonate

5 SENSOR-BASED SORTING SYSTEMS: OPTIMUM THROUGHPUT HIGHEST PURITY NF concentrate / output / nder Copper / output / combisense Brass / output / combisense Every sorting task is different. Detection techniques like In plastic recovery, the focus is on the main polymers metal sensors, colour line cameras, near infrared (NIR), ABS, ABS-PC,5, PS 2, PE 3, PP 4 and PC 5. As opposed to X-ray transmission technology and visual spectrometers conventional technology, the systems do not (VIS) can be applied in a exible way and combined lose these resources. with each other. Downstream of the conventional separation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, the sensor- Depending on the system design and the material based sorters generate concentrates of metals value, machines run in so-called online or batch 08 and plastics. Thus they increase the product yield and generate fractions of a signi cantly increased purity. operation. This operation can yield results of over 98 % and product purities of up to 95 %. 09 Typical fractions in metal sorting are: PCBs NFM concentrates Cables Copper Brass Stainless steel Acrylonitrile butadienestyrene copolymer 2 Polystyrene 3 Polyethylene PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) / output / combisense 4 Polypropylene 5 Polycarbonate

6 SORTING WITH X-RAY TECHNOLOGY FOR EVERY SORTING TASK THE OPTIMUM SOLUTION PS without ame retardants / output / autosort/x-tract x-tract The sorting machine x-tract uses X-Ray transmission. The advantage: This modern technology Another eld of application of the x-tract is processing and reusing of old tubes (CRT 3 glass) from SORTING TASK sorter for WEEE/ E-scrap Throughput per meter production width at the recommended grain size identi es invisible components in the sorting material, independent of colour and degree of soiling. TVs and screens. A requirement for mono-material reuse hereby is the separation of front glass (contains barium oxide) and funnel glass (contains lead oxide). Recovery of all metals and metal compounds Wire recovery finder 3 t/h/m at 0 60mm 2,5 t/h/m at 0 60mm Since July st, 2006 the European Directive RoHS (2002/95/EC) restricts the use of many hazardous x-tract measures the density difference of the glass types and separates the front glass, which is Generation of high purity for NF metals and PCBs (additional special application of copper granulate sorting 2 0mm) combisense 3 t/h/m at 0 60mm (0,5 2 t/h/m at 2 0mm) 0 substances in the production of new electrical and electronic equipment including ame retardant primarily in demand, in a purity of over 99.5 %. Sorting of plastics according to plastic type autosort 3 t/h/m at 20 80mm additives in plastics (primarily PBB /PBDE 2 on bromium basis). Moreover, high quality plastic recycling In addition, the x-tract can separate heavy metals from aluminium fractions. Sorting of plastics with hazardous substances Sorting of front and funnel glass (screen glass) x-tract 3 t/h/m at 20 80mm 7 0 t/h/m at 20 60mm increases the requirements on quality control and pollutant detection. x-tract can detect and eject components that contain pollutants. polybrominated biphenyle 2 polybrominated diphenylether 3 CRT: Cathode Ray Tube Source: Values and information from practical use on site by s customers

7 You name it we sort it For metals, plastics, paper, or wood is a leading provider of sensor-based sorting systems, established in the market with over 25 recycling applications. To date, we count more than 2000 sorters working successfully in 30 countries. Whatever you want to sort: Our know-how helps you to implement individual recycling solutions. All our in eld specialists are experienced experts in the practical aspects of waste recycling and processing of raw materials. Moreover, closely cooperates with leading plant builders. Nordic AS Norway Headquarter Ryensvingen B 0680 Oslo Norway Phone: Fax: info@titech.com UK & Ireland UK The Springboard Centre Mantle Lane, Coalville Leicestershire, LE67 3DW United Kingdom Phone: Fax: info-uk@titech.com Australia UltraSort Pty Ltd P.O. Box 249 Lind eld NSW 2070 Australia Phone: Fax: info-australia@titech.com Keep up to date with sensorbased sorting at: M /09 GB