Stainless Steel. What is Stainless Steel 4/1/2013. What is it and how is it made. What we will talk about. Summarize

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Stainless Steel. What is Stainless Steel 4/1/2013. What is it and how is it made. What we will talk about. Summarize"

Griselda Carson
6 years ago
Views:

Stainless Steel What is it and hw is it made Presented by: Rbert (Bb) Drab Quality

talk abut Define stainless steel What make a stainless steel stainless Discuss the

are irn based allys with at least 11% chrmium Other allying elements are added t

1 Stainless Steel What is it and hw is it made Presented by: Rbert (Bb) Drab Quality Manager Crey Steel Cmpany Stainless Steel What it is and hw its made What we will talk abut Define stainless steel What make a stainless steel stainless Discuss the many variatins and their use Hw are stainless steels made Summarize Stainless Steels are irn based allys with at least 11% chrmium Other allying elements are added t increase crrsin resistance in different envirnments Nickel Mlybdenum Manganese Cpper Nibium Titanium 1

2 Hw it wrks Carbn and Ally Steels O 2 Fe + C Irn Oxide Oxygen at the surface f the steel cmbines with the irn t first frm FeO, a gray rust, then will quickly cmbine with mre xygen t frm the typical red rust Fe 2 O 3. Stainless Steels O 2 Fe + Cr (12%) Chrmium xide (Depth : 1 nm) Oxygen at the surface f the steel cmbines with Chrme t frm chrme xide. Just an imprtant pint These materials are nt stain prf; they are stain less Stainless steels can rust in a rain strm Martensitics are the wrse, fllwed by ferritics and then austenitics Grades like 303 (austenitic) will rust because f ferrite and martensite in the structure fr machinability What d these elements d.. Irn Base metal Chrmium ferrite frmer frms basis f stainless steel prevents crrsin Nickel austenite frmer imprves xidatin & crrsin resistance Mlybdenum lbd hl helps pitting crrsin, imprves high htemp strength Manganese same as nickel, cmbines with sulfur Carbn increases strength Nitrgen austenite frmer, increases austenite stability, increases strength Titanium/Clumbium stabilizes stainless captures carbn Cpper typically used in age hardening reactins, can be an austenite stabilizer is 300 series 2

3 +sistance 4/1/2013 Duplex -Crrsin Res - Ferritic Austenitic Annealed Precipitatin Hardenable ade abe Martensitic Hardened & Tempered Tensile Strength + What are Stainless Steels Martensitic Ferritic Austenitic 410 C 409.1C, 12Cr.05C, 11Cr +S, r r, 431 +Ni C, 15Cr, 1.5 Ni.13C, 12Cr.1C, 12Cr.13C, 15Cr,.3M.05C, 18Cr, +M +S r, 420A 420F F M.2C, 12Cr.3C, 12Cr.38C, 15Cr, 1M.05C, 18Cr +S, M, +Si +V 420B FR.3C, 12Cr.4C, 12Cr.46C, 15Cr,.5M,.1V.03C, 1.25Si,18Cr +S +M 420C 18Cr 2M +M.4C, 12Cr.06C, 18Cr, 1.5M C, +Si r, 420D +M C, 12Cr 18Cr 2M.45C, 14Cr,.5 m.03c, 18Cr, 1.5M 440 Series 4037, 1.0C, 17Cr,.5M.65C, 12Cr r, +M r, +Ni 301 T PH & Duplex.05C, 16Cr, 6Ni Stainless Steels r +Ni 303UX.03C, 18Cr, 8Ni, 1.4Cu 302 u 302HQ u.05c, 17Cr, 8Ni.05C, 17Cr, 8Ni, 3Cu C 303 +S.03C, 18Cr, 8Ni 304 u 304Cu.03C, 18Cr, 8Ni.03C, 18Cr, 8Ni, 3Cu Cr +Ni, +M CrC 12 Chrme Cr 316 +Ni, C,1.5Si, 12Cr.03C, 16.5Cr, 10Ni, 2M +Ti.03C, 17Cr, 9Ni,.2Ti +N +N 304LN 304H 316H 316LN.06C, 18Cr, 8Ni.06C, 18Cr, 8Ni.03C, 16Cr, 10Ni, 2M.03C, 16Cr, 10Ni, 2M +Ti r +Ni, +M 304HN 316Ti C, 16Cr, 10Ni, 2M,.2Ti.06C, 18Cr, 8Ni,.1N.03C, 19Cr, 13Ni, 3M r C, 19Cr, 9Ni,.4Cb Ni, b Martensitic 410, 416, 420 Heat treatable (similar t ally steels) Lw wrk hardening rate Mderate crrsin resistance Ferritic 409, 430, 430F, 430FR Nn heat treatable Lw wrk hardening rate Gd crrsin resistance Austenitic 303, 304/304L, 316/316L, 321 Nn heat treatable High wrk hardening rate Very gd crrsin resistance Precipitatin Hardenable 630, 631, 15 5, A286 Heat treatable (age hardening reactin) Mderate wrk hardening rate Very gd crrsin resistance Duplex 2205, 2507, 329 Nn heat treatable Very high chrme, mderate lw nickel Very high wrk hardening rate Great crrsin resistance Super Austenitic 904L, UNS S31254, UNS S34565 Nn heat treatable Very high chrme, very high nickel Very high wrk hardening rate Great crrsin resistance 3

4 Austenitics Ptable water, city atmspheres, fd industry, chemical industry (sulfuric, phsphric, rganic), chlrides (salt, bleach), high temperature (8 900F), surgical/bdy parts, fittings, g, autmtive sensrs Ferritics Slenid valves/injectrs, huse appliances, il burner nzzels Martensitics Pumps, valves, surgical tls, il field parts, fittings, fasteners, spray nzzles Precipitatin Hardenable Pumps, valves, surgical tls, il field parts, fasteners, perfrmance bicycle parts, autmtive sensrs Duplex Fuel rail parts, pumps fr specialized acids Stainless steels were develped t resist crrsin The manufacturing t a part were mre difficult than carbn steels Prducers fund ways t ease manufacturability Especially machinability Increasing machinability has negative effects Weldability Crrsin resistance mechanical prperties Designers need t be aware Need t understand the grade Need t balance csts 4

5 Starts with Scrap Melt in Arc Furnace The Melting Prcess Remve Slag VOD Vacuum Degas The Refining Prcess Final Ladle Treatment AOD Vertical Caster VAR ESR Ingt/Electrde Mld Casting Optinal Hrizntal Curve Mld Caster The casting prcess 5

6 Blm The cgging prcess Press Cil Ht Rll Bar Billet Rtary Frge Purpse 1) Put Cr back int slutin 2) Sften 3) Cnditin Structure (PH) Nte: Can bypass annealing by: 1) Slw cling 2) Direct water quench The annealing prcess Martensitics handled differently than austenitics and ferritics The annealing prcess Martensitics are slw cled Austenitics and ferritics are water quenched 6

Avance hélicïdale Galet hyperblique Barre à dresser Galet cylindrique Plaquettes carbure en rtatin Galets entraîneurs Barre à écrûter Galet d entraînement Avance

nly 2) Cils pickled as treated turned OR Ht Finish Gds Bars and cils cntinue t cld finishing Cld Draw Cil t Cil Wire Cil Finish Gds Cld Draw Cil t Bar Bar Finish

7 Avance hélicïdale Galet hyperblique Barre à dresser Galet cylindrique Plaquettes carbure en rtatin Galets entraîneurs Barre à écrûter Galet d entraînement Avance hélicïdale Meule Supprt en brnze Barre à rectifier 4/1/2013 At this stage The materials culd be sld as is: 1) Billets and bar as treated pickled grund billets nly 2) Cils pickled as treated turned OR Ht Finish Gds Bars and cils cntinue t cld finishing Cld Draw Cil t Cil Wire Cil Finish Gds Cld Draw Cil t Bar Bar Finish Gds Cld Draw Bar t Bar Ht Rll Bar STRAIGHTENING PEELING TURNING GRINDING POLISHING Cil Finish Gds Spring Wire Escmatic Wire Cld Heading Wire Fine wire Shape Wire 7

Bar Finish Gds Machining bar Frge bar Shaped bar Shaft/Pump quality Stainless Machining Bar Sld as annealed stck Cld drawing can fllw annealing Sld t ASTM A484

tlerance abut equivalent t ISO J10 End chamfering is available Cut lengths available Usually nt able t re chamfer Stainless Machining Bar Other imprtant

Be careful f datasheet values These are typical values, nt abslute Theletter behindthegrade i.e. 304L L = lw carbn H = high carbn N = increased nitrgen r

8 Bar Finish Gds Machining bar Frge bar Shaped bar Shaft/Pump quality Stainless Machining Bar Sld as annealed stck Cld drawing can fllw annealing Sld t ASTM A484 size tlerances in US, ISO tables in Eurpe N standard grind tlerance in US system ½ r ¼ tlerance Eurpe uses ISO table fr grund stck, h, j, k Standard CD tlerance abut equivalent t ISO J10 End chamfering is available Cut lengths available Usually nt able t re chamfer Stainless Machining Bar Other imprtant Infrmatin ASTM Spec d nt necessarily reflect reality Tensile values fr cld drawn prduct will be much higher ASTM Mins Even ht rlled bars are higher then specs Be careful f datasheet values These are typical values, nt abslute Theletter behindthegrade i.e. 304L L = lw carbn H = high carbn N = increased nitrgen r nitrgen strengthen LN = lw carbn, increased nitrgen Se = selenium additin Eurpean designatin X5 CrNi Nickel cntent Chrmium cntent Carbn cntent x100 (ex : C=0,05%) 8

9 Summary Stainless is a difficult material t machine Stainless machinability nt easily defined Many families There are many ways t prduce bar It is imprtant t marry tling with grade Gemetry/Grade/Cating Stainless Steel What it is and hw its made What we talked abut Define stainless steel What make a stainless steel stainless Discuss the many variatins and their use Hw are stainless steels made Thank yu 9

Sandvik Finemac free-cutting wire (Wire)

Datasheet updated 2014 10 20 16:04:46 (supersedes all previus editins) Sandvik Finemac free-cutting wire (Wire) Sandvik Finemac is a lead free, hardenable, free cutting carbn steel characterized by excellent