TABLE OF EMISSIVITY OF VARIOUS SURFACES

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1 TABLE OF EMISSIVITY OF VARIOUS SURFACES Introduction: Emissivity is a modifying factor used in single color thermometry to achieve a correct temperature reading. Emissivity, or radiating efficiency, of most materials is function of surface condition, temperature and wavelength of measurement. In the following table, values for the total emissivity of various surfaces, as well as spectral emissivity at a given temperature, have been tabulated. Total emissivity is defined as the resultant value when the individual emissivity factors are averaged over the total radiation spectrum being utilized. The user may find that for the application a different emissivity setting is required than the one tabulated. This table, however, will provide the best initial setting. A more refined value should be determined experimentally. References: 1) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland, Ohio 2) DMIC Report 177, Battelle Memorial Institute 3) Thermal Radiation Properties Survey, Honeywell Research Center 16 Thornton Road, Oakland NJ, 07436, USA sales@mikroninst.com

2 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 2 Material Temperature C *Emissivity Alloys 20Ni-25Cr-55Fe, oxidized Ni-12Cr-28Fe, oxidized Ni-20Cr, oxidized Aluminum Polished Highly Polished Unoxidized Oxidized Commercial Sheet Anodized Sheet, Chromic Acid Proc Heavily Oxidized Aluminum Oxide Asbestos Board Cement Cloth Paper Asphalt...Ambient Oil, on polished metal.001 Thick...Ambient Thick...Ambient Thick...Ambient Bismuth, Unoxidized

3 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 3 Brass Polished Unoxidized Oxidized Rolled Sheet Brick Building Red, rough, no gross irregularities Grog, brick, glazed Silica brick Fire Brick Bronze, Polished Carbon Filament Graphite Lamp, black, water glass coating Soot applied to solid Candle soot Graphite, pressed, filed surface Unoxidized Carborundum 87SIC; 2.3 density Ceramic Earthenware Porcelain, Glazed Refractory Black Refractory White Chromium Polished Unoxidized Oxidized

4 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page Cobalt, Unoxidized Columbium Polished Oxidized Concrete Concrete Tiles Copper Commercial, Scoured to a shine Calorized Calorized, oxidized Plate, heated long time, covered with Thick oxide layer Plate, heated at 600 C Cuprous Oxide Polished Oxidized Unoxidized Liquid Dow Metal Enamel, white, fused on iron Glass Gold Smooth Fused Quartz Covex D Glass Nonex Glass Pyrex Pure, highly polished Carefully polished

5 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 5 Unoxidized Enamel Graphite Gypsum 0.02 thick on smooth Or blackened plate Human Skin Inconel Type X Type B Iron Cast Oxidized Strongly Oxidized Unoxidized Polished Newly turned Turned and heated Liquid Unoxidized Rusted Wrought, dull Wrought iron, dull oxidized Wrought, highly polished Oxidized Unoxidized Plate, pickled, then rusted red Plate, completely rusted Smooth oxidized electrolytic iron Iron oxide Rough-ingot iron Cast Plate, oxidized, smooth Cast Plate, oxidized, rough Molten pure iron Molten Armco iron

6 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 6 Lead Pure (99.96%) Unoxidized Oxidized Oxidized, Gray Magnesium Magnesium Oxide Magnesium Oxide Magnesite Refractory Brick Marble, light grey polished Mercury, Unoxidized Molybdenum Polished Oxidized Unoxidized Filament Monel metal, Oxidized Nichrome Wire Clean Oxidized Nickel Polished...low Oxidized Unoxidized

7 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 7 Electroplated, Polished Electroplated, not polished Wire Plate, oxidized by heating at 600 C Nickel Oxide Chromnickel Nickel-Silver Polished Oak, Planed Oil Layers on Aluminum fo il (Linseed Oil) Aluminum foil , 2 coats oil Paint, Lacquers, Varnishes Alum. Paint Bronze Paint Black Glass Paint White Lacquer Green paint Gray paint Lamp black Gold Enamel Snow white enamel varnish on Rough iron plate Black shiny lacquer, sprayed on iron Black shiny shellac on tinned iron sheet Black matte shellac Black on white lacquer Flat black lacquer Oil paints, 16 diff (all colors) Aluminum paints & lacquers 10% A1 22% Lacquer body, on rough or smooth surface A1 lacquer, varnish binder on rough plate A1 paint after heating to 326 C Radiator Paint White, Cream, Bleach , Radiator Paint, bronze Lacquer coatings, Thick on alum. Alloys M Nextel 101-C

8 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 8 Mikron high temp test paint...ambient Clear Silicone vehicle coating thick: on mild steels On stainless steels 316, 301, ,0.750 On dow metal On A1 Alloys, 24ST, 75ST ,0.820 Aluminum paint with silicone vehicle Paint on Inconel Dull black varnish Glossy black varnich sprayed on iron Paper, Any Color Thinipasted on Tinned or Blackened Plate Plaster Plastics, Opaque any color Platinum Cleaned Polished Filament Unoxidized Wire Propellant: Liquid Rocket engine Quartz Rough, fused Glass, 1.98mm Thick Glass, 6.88mm Thick Opaque Roofing Paper Silica (98 Si O2, Fe-free) effect of grain size Microns 10 microns microns

9 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 9 Silver Polished Cleaned Polished Unoxidized Stainless Steel 18-8 Buffed Polished Oxidized Stainless Steel Oxidized Stainless Steel 304 (8Cri 18Ni) light silvery, Rough, brown, after heating After 42 hours of heating at 527 C Stainless Steel 310 (25Cr, 20Ni) brown, splotched, Oxidized from furnace service Stainless Steel Allegheny metal No. 4, polished Allegheny metal No. 66, polished Steel Alloyed (8%Ni, 18%Cr) Aluminized Dull Nickel Plated Flat, Rough Surface Cast, Polished Calorized, Oxidized Sheet Steel, Ground Sheet Steel, Rolled Sheet Steel, Strong, Rough Oxide Layer Sheet with Shiny layer of oxide Oxidized Unoxidized Molten Steel Molten Mild Steel

10 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 10 Molten Steel, various with % (slightly oxidized surfaces) Molten Steel, unoxidized...liquid Steel Plate, Rough Tantalum Unoxidized Filament Thorium Oxide Tin Unoxidized Commercial tin-plated sheet iron Tungsten Filament, aged Filament Unoxidized Turbojet Engine Operating Water...Ambient Wood Spruce, sanded Oak, planed Zinc Highly Polished Unoxidized Oxidized be heating at 399 C Galvanized Sheet Iron, fairly bright Galvanized sheet iron, gray oxidized Zinc, galvanized sheet Zirconium Silicate

11 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 11 TABLE I Spectral Emissivities of Materials, Surface Unoxidized MATERIAL EMISSIVITY AT.65 m Solid State Liquid State Beryllium Carbon Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper Erbium Gold Iridium 0.30 Iron Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Palladium Platinum Rhodium Silver Tantalum 0.49 Thorium Titanium Tungsten 0.43 Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Zirconium Steel Cast Iron Constantan 0.35 Monel 0.37 Chromel P (90 Ni-10 Cr) Ni-20 Cr Ni-24 Fe-16 Cr 0.36 Alumel (95 Ni; Bal. Al, Mn. Si) Pt-10 Rh 0.27

12 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 12 TABLE II Spectral Emissivities of Oxides MATERIAL EMISSIVITY AT.65 m Range of Observed Probable Value of Values the Oxide Formed On Smooth Metal Aluminum Oxide 0.22 to Beryllium Oxide 0.07 to Cerium Oxide 0.58 to 0.80 Chromium Oxide 0.60 to Cobalt Oxide 0.75 Columbium Oxide 0.55 to Copper Oxide 0.60 to Iron Oxide 0.63 to Magnesium Oxide 0.10 to Nickel Oxide 0.85 to Thorium Oxide 0.20 to Tin Oxide 0.32 to 0.60 Titanium Oxide 0.50 Uranium Oxide 0.30 Vanadium Oxide 0.70 Yttrium Oxide 0.60 Zirconium Oxide 0.18 to Alumel (oxidized) 0.87 Cast Iron (oxidized) 0.70 Chromel P (90 Ni-10 Cr) (oxidized) Ni-20 Cr (oxidized) Ni-24 Fe-16 Cr (oxidized) Fe-37.5 Cr-7.5 Al (oxidized) Fe-23 Dr-5 Al-2 Co (oxidized) 0.75 Constantan (55 Cu-45 Ni) (oxidized) 0.84 Carbon Steel (oxidized) 0.80 Stainless Steel (18-8) (oxidized) 0.85 Porcelain 0.25 to 0.50

13 Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces For Infrared Thermometry Page 13 TABLE III Additional Emissivities at.65 µ MATERIAL TEMPERATURE ( C) POLISHED SURFACE EMITTANCE COARSE SURFACE Not oxidized STEEL Lightly oxidized Severely oxidized Molten Not oxidized COPPER Lightly oxidized Severely oxidized Molten Not oxidized LEAD Lightly oxidized Severely oxidized Molten 330 White brick BRICK Sillimanite brick Silica brick

TABLE OF EMISSIVITY OF VARIOUS SURFACES

TABLE OF EMISSIVITY OF VARIOUS SURFACES Introduction: Emissivity is a modifying factor used in single color thermometry to achieve a correct temperature reading. Emissivity, or radiating efficiency, of