FINAL EVALUATION REPORT

FINAL EVALUATION REPORT Yantradt Villages in Madhya Pradesh Prepared fr: Directrate f Agriculture Engineering, Gvt. f Madhya Pradesh under Small Farmers Agribusiness Cnsrtium prepared by I-WIN Advisry Services Limited Reprt n. IWIN/12-13/F/DPR/R0/026

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1-1.3 2 SCHEME DETAILS 2.1-2.9 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1-3.4 4 SITUATION ANALYSIS 4.1-4.15 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1-5.3 I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The use f mechanized pwer fr agricultural purpse reduces nt just the hardship faced by farmers under traditinal manual practices but als speeds up agricultural prcesses, saves csts and enhances agricultural prductivity. These benefits f farm mechanizatin amng many thers have driven Indian states t mtivate their farmers fr switching ver t the use f mdern farm equipments. One such mechanizatin drive that stands ut amng all such effrts relates t the implementatin f the Yantra Dt Village Scheme in Madhya Pradesh. Under this scheme, district level fficers f the Department f Agriculture Engineering peridically demnstrate the use f farm implements t farmers in villages spread acrss districts in the state and make these implements available n hire by the agricultural cmmunity at nminal prices. The uniqueness f the Yantradt lies in its impact driven apprach. Under Yantradt each f these villages are being turned int cmplete mdels fr agricultural mechanizatin. Farmers in these villages are using mdern farm tls fr each stage in the prductin f their crps. Such mechanizatin is resulting in a reductin f their agricultural input csts as they require lesser seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, human and animal labur etc fr cnducting their farming exercises. Further, increased mechanizatin is resulting in an increase in the agricultural prductivity f farmers because nw their crps are being swn, irrigated, treated and harvested adequately and timely. Farmers' incme as well as standard f living has als seen an increase in the past tw years that the scheme has been peratinal. As a result f these utcmes, many nearby villages are als switching ver t the Yantra Dt mdel f farm mechanizatin. By implementing the Yantra Dt scheme thrugh Directrate f Agricultural Engineering, Madhya Pradesh, the Gvernment f Madhya Pradesh is creating an access t advanced agricultural technlgies and machinery amng farmers in the rural areas and subsequently increasing the verall agricultural prductivity f the state and empwering its farming cmmunity. Initially 25 ther villages were chsen fr this kind f develpment in the year 2010-11. With a view f spreading this prgram anther 14 villages were included in the year 2011-12. The scheme is implemented thrugh district level agricultural engineering fficers wh set up custm hiring centres in the villages s farmers can avail the machines. Since demand f machines are high as each ne f the farmer need same machine at the same time, a farmers cmmittee is frmed where farmers maintain a lg bk regarding wh gets machine at what time. A five prlnged methdlgy has been used such as Recnnaissance survey, Extensive secndary research, Stakehlder meet & feedback, Structured interview and Fcus grup discussin t cnduct the survey. The effect f the scheme can be seen clearly in the increasing prductivity f crps like sybean, paddy, wheat, gram, lentil etc. Mre than 60% t 85% increase can be bserved fr varius crps. Other than increase in prductivity, 75% t 100% increase in incme can be bserved fr majrity f farmers. Apart frm these the scheme als helped the farmers t expand their knwledge base regarding use mdern agricultural methds, techniques and machineries. After implementatin f Yantra Dt the fllwing changes have been bserved in sme majr crps: 79% increase in prductivity f Sybean. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh 83% increase in prductivity f Paddy. 63% increase in prductivity f Wheat. 81% increase in prductivity f Gram. Even thugh the scheme has been successfully implemented in varius villages fr ne year, the tenure f the scheme can be extended t tw year s the farmers can have a better understanding and knwledge abut the scheme and its effects. Fr very backward tribal villages it can be extended t mre than tw years. The scheme Yantra Dt left a majr impact n all types f crp prductin in Madhya Pradesh. The main findings f the study are as fllws: Prductin f crps almst dubled after the implementatin f the scheme. Farmers earning has increased many flds s there sci-ecnmic status has imprved. Farmers knwledge base regarding the use f new techniques and machineries has increased. The scheme has increased utput level withut any majr increase in input cst. One f the main gals f the scheme is t make farmers knwledgeable and financially sustainable s that they can buy farming machineries themselves after seeing the benefits thrugh the scheme. Subsidy shuld be prvided t farmers t help them buy agricultural machinery and they shuld be encuraged t rent thse machines t ther farmers which can inturn reduce the burden n agriculture fficials t prvide mre machines t a single village and can help them t implement the scheme n many mre new villages. The farmers are brilliantly cping up with the Yantra Dt scheme. A few suggestive measurers will be like icing n the cake, the measures are fllwing: The tenure f the scheme fr ne village shuld be increased. Supplies f machineries shuld be increased t each village. Subsidy shuld be prvided t farmers t encurage them t buy agricultural machinery. As the rainfall is nt adequate, hence prper irrigatin facilities have t be set up in rder t fulfill the excess demand fr water. Available area has t be refrmed t bring in mre and mre part under cultivatin in rder t increase the scale and vlume f prductin. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh CHAPTER 1 Intrductin India is primarily an agricultural cuntry. Over the ages, Indian farmers have mainly used human and animated pwer and traditinal methds passed nt them by their ancestrs fr cultivatin f varius agricultural crps. There was nt much use f mechanical pwer in farming practices. These traditinal farming practices are time cnsuming, require huge amunts f human labur and effrt and depend heavily n climate & nature. Als they ften fail t utilize full capacity f the agricultural land and seed. The use f mechanical pwer and new technlgy fr agricultural purpses reduces nt just the labur f farmers under traditinal manual practices but als speeds up agricultural prcesses, reduces the cst f peratin by ensuring better management f cstly inputs, enhances agricultural prductivity and reduces dependency n nature & climate fr agricultural purpses. Over the years Indian farmers have been infrmed abut different farm mechanizatin techniques and equipments used in farming and its varius uses and psitive aspects. These benefits have encuraged varius Indian states t mtivate their farmers t use mre mdern farm equipments and techniques. One such effrt relates t the implementatin f the Yantra Dt Village Scheme in Madhya Pradesh. Under this scheme, district level fficers f the Department f Agriculture Engineering peridically demnstrate the use f farm implements t farmers spread acrss villages f Madhya Pradesh and make these implements available fr hire by the agricultural cmmunity at nminal prices. Backgrund The Yantra Dt Yjana started its implementatin frm the village f Matha in the district f Satna in MP. In the year 2009-10 a special campaign f farm mechanizatin was started with 155 farmers f this village. The village was very backward in the field f agricultural techniques and s there was n benefit frm farming t the small and brdering farmers. S the farmers used t wrk in the near by cement factry. Summer cultivatin f the field was dne by new innvative & highly mechanized farm equipment like the rtavatr, seed grading was dne by the seed grader, swing was dne by duble bx seed cum fertilizer drill instead f single bx, ridge furrw & ridge bed planter was als used and brad Weeder & insect cntrller. Mechanized harvesting and threshing was dne. Great results were achieved using this technique. The per capita yield was much mre in nly ne seasn f Rabi. There was an increase in per hectare prductin f wheat & gram. Taking the mdel f village Matha, 25 ther villages were chsen fr this kind f develpment in the year 2010-11. With a view f spreading this prgram anther 14 villages were included in the year 2011-12 I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 1.1

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Initially when the scheme was launched gvernment charged Rs.325 per hur & Rs.10 per km as travel cst fr each machine. Frm September, 2012 the rent fr each machine is increased t Rs.410 per hur & Rs.15 per km as travel cst frm custm centre t field. Scheme Applicability in the Cntext f Madhya Pradesh s Agriculture The state ranks 1 st in prductin f Sybean and Gram in India. There are 50 districts in the states and almst all the districts are invlved in the cultivatin f Sybean and Gram. The state has an area f 113 lakh hectrs under Kharif crps in the year 2011. Other majr crps in Madhya Pradesh are Arahar, Tur, Jwar, Maize, Channa (gram) etc. The state has 11 agr climatic znes. Gegraphical area f the state is 30.744 millin hectares ut f which net cultivated area is 14.838 millin hectares. Tw swing seasns: Kharif -10.666 millin ha. & Rabi 8.428 millin ha. Area under duble crp : 5.378 millin ha Irrigated Area 43.30% Crpping intensity 136 % There are basically 5 majr crp types in Madhya Pradesh. The area wise divisin f cultivated area under them are depicted in the fllwing pie diagram. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 1.2

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Majr Crps f MP and Rank in India Crp All India Prductin ( in MMT) Prductin in MP (in MMT) Percentage f prductin t natinal ttal All India Rank Sybean 8.85 4.78 54.01% 1st Gram 6.33 2.41 38.07% 1st Pulses 14.2 3.2 22.54% 1st Lentil 0.91 0.26 28.57% 2nd Rapeseed & Mustard 7.44 0.69 9.27% 4th Wheat 75.81 7.33 9.67% 4th Tur 2.31 0.22 9.52% 5th Maize 15.1 0.84 5.56% 7th [Surce: Agricultural Website f Gvernment f Madhya Pradesh] Frm the abve table it can be inferred that Madhya Pradesh cntributes a large percentage f India s ttal prductin f Sybeans, Lentils, Pulses and Gram. It hlds 1 st psitin in fur respective areas such as Pulses, Oilseeds, Maize, Gram and Sybean. Mrever there are 11 agr climatic znes in the state. Cnsidering all the abve mentin fact it is bvius that the Yantra Dt scheme shuld be implemented in the state t further increase the prductin f these crps and t cnslidate Madhya Pradesh status as ne f the majr agricultural states in this cuntry. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 1.3

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh CHAPTER 2 SCHEME DETAILS The Ecnmy f Madhya Pradesh depends mainly n the agricultural sectr as mre than 80% f the peple f the state depend n this sectr fr their livelihd. The agricultural sectr cntributes arund 46% t the state's ecnmy. Majr Kharif agricultural crps are sybean, paddy, maize, urad, mng, grundnut etc. Majr Rabi agricultural crps are wheat, gram, lentil etc. Abut 74% ppulatin f M.P. resides in rural areas. Arund 65 percentage f the ttal land hldings belng t small and marginal farmers ccupying nly 26 percent f the cultivable land. The net swn area is abut 147.90 lakh hectares. The grss crpped area is 202.16 lakh hectares. The ttal irrigated area f the State is 43.3 % and remaining area is rain fed. The crpping intensity f the State is 136%.The majr sil grups are alluvial black (deep, medium and shallw) mixed red and black, red and yellw and skeletal sils. Black sils cver abut 47.6 % f the ttal area f the state fllwed by red and yellw sils abut 36.5 percent. The State has abut 70 percent rain fed farming area. Erratic and uneven distributin f rainfall is the majr cnstraint fr achieving targeted level f prductin. Due t failure f rains, drught cnditin als prevails almst every year in ne part r the ther. In this gegraphical and natural cnditins traditinal farming practices are nt adequate t maintain desired level f prductin. S intrductin f new agricultural technlgy, mdern farming tls are required t help small and marginal farmers wh are nt financially capable t acquire these mdern methds and machineries by themselves. Objective The basic bjectives f the scheme are as fllws: Demnstrate the use f innvatins in agriculture mechanizatin Encurage marginal and small farmers fr adptin f new technlgies and methds. T create farmers' access t such imprved technlgies Reduce the cst f agriculture prductin Increase prductin and prductivity Establish Yantra Dt villages as Mdel villages. By implementing the Yantra Dt scheme, the Gvernment f Madhya Pradesh is creating access t advanced agricultural technlgies and machinery amng farmers in the rural areas, enabling subsidized purchase f agricultural implements by farmers, increasing the verall agricultural prductivity f the state and empwering its farming cmmunity. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.1

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Key Stakehlders Key stakehlders f the Yantra Dt scheme are the fllwing: Directrate f Agricultural Engineering, Madhya Pradesh: The Directrate planned and implemented the Yantra Dt Yjana. It mnitrs the day t day functining f the scheme and prvides cnstant technical supprt and suggestins. District Level Agricultural Engineering Officers: These fficers are respnsible fr creating awareness amng farmers abut the scheme and demnstrating the usage f the new advanced agricultural implements. Custm Hiring Centers: These centers have all the new agricultural implements and, are respnsible fr prviding these agricultural implements n hire t farmers and prviding necessary supprt fr their usage. Farmers: They are reaping the benefits f advanced agricultural technlgies and machineries extended t them by the gvernment. Machinery being demnstrated t I-Win Team Members by gvt. fficials I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.2

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Implementatin f the scheme This scheme is fr farmers empwerment & it has been implemented as main cmpnent f Yantra Dt village develpment. The salient features regarding implementatin f the scheme has been given belw: 1. The base line survey f the village: All infrmatin regarding Farming lands f the villages, irrigatin implements, types f harvest, variety, availability f farm implements, seed treatment & grading, etc are cmpiled here. 2. Evaluatin f techniques f prductivity and status f mechanizatin in the villages n the basis f cllected infrmatin: Evaluatin f mdern farming activities & equipments are dne n the basis f presently adapted techniques fr prductin, requirement f imprvement in these techniques and use f farm mechanizatin pattern. 3. A grup discussin is held with the farmers t assess the requirement f farm mechanizatin, scpe fr imprvement f existing technlgy. Als a Farmers Day is decided based n the evaluatin f the selected village, & the need and demand f farm mechanizatin and sme beneficial changes in the methd f farming as required by the farmers. Symblizatin f the newly implemented farm mechanizatin in the villages New uses and techniques f the harvest, Inclusin & Implementatin f the new techniques in place f the ld ppular techniques, Evaluatin f necessary steps required by farmers fr the imprvement f the quality f seed, & specific cmmitment f different levels f fr farmers. 4. Accrding t the determined prgram the requirement f the farmers need during the year: Accrding t the discussins held with the farmers the rganizing & implementatin f the prgram & the requirements f varius things fr farmers. Each & every farmer will be infrmed fully with what types f equipments will be made available t him & when and als a prgram will be prepared n Executin f the farming equipments like tractr & farm equipments. Accrding t the mentined prgram the farmers will be getting the tractrs and ther farming equipments all rund the year. 5. Thrugh farmer s frum r grups the evaluatin f the prductin & valuatin f the harvest will be dne accrding t the decided prgram, and the implementatin f the upcming prgram & technical availability will als be taken care f. Prduce f the harvest and ther imprtant pints: Preparatin f the fields, quality f seed and its treatment, swing and tilling, pst harvesting and threshing frums r grup rganizatin and its methds f executin, infrmatin regarding precautins t farmers will be prvided which helps the farmers t imprve their quality. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.3

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Challenges in Implementatin 1. Initially it was very challenging fr the fficials t cnvince the farmers t give up traditinal farming practices and switch ver t mdern technlgies and machineries. At the beginning nly a few farmers in a village adpted these new techniques. After a year when there prductin f crps as well as incme increased then nly mre farmers supprted these mdern practices. 2. Even thugh farmers f Yantra Dt villages were intrduced t mdern technlgies and given access t machineries day t day farming activities there were sme prblems like unavailability f adequate irrigatin facility, inadequate electricity, unavailability f gd quality seeds, high cst f pesticides resulted in delays fr the scheme. 3. Each village cnsists f small, marginal and large land hlding farmers. While the large farmers are capable f renting mdern machines, small and marginal farmers lack bth financial resurce and land t get full benefit f these mdern methds and machines. Physical plan f the scheme The physical plan f the scheme revlves arund three majr cmpnents: a) Demnstrating agricultural implements at the field level b) Making the agricultural implements available thrugh custm hiring centres/camps c) Enabling subsidized purchase f agricultural implements by farmers Field demnstratins Fcused field demnstratins f varius agricultural methds and implements are cnducted in each f these 25 villages. These demnstratins are held peridically during bth the Kharif crp seasn (planting f summer crps like millet, paddy, sya bean, green gram, pigen pea happens during this seasn) and the Rabi crp seasn ( planting f winter crps like wheat, gram, mustard happens during this seasn). Keeping in mind the varied sci-ecnmic status f farmers, the district fficials f the Department f Agriculture Engineering ensure that these demnstratins cver sme agricultural equipments that can be utilized by small and marginal farmers as well as bigger equipments that can be used by larger land hlding farmers. In each demnstratin, agricultural tls that are apprpriate fr that particular seasn are displayed in the village cmmn area and a cllective meeting f all village farmers is called. Agricultural fficers then prvide direct infrmatin t the farmers abut the varius tls present and the benefits that they can incur n the farmers. Subsequently, a particular farm land is selected and an n field demnstratin f varius tls is presented t the farmers and all their queries are answered. The infrmatin and technlgy prvided t farmers under the Yantra Dt Yjna cvers all the phases f farming including sil preparatin fr cultivatin, remving weeds and destrying insect habitats frm the field by deep plughing, imprving the fertility f the sil, maintaining crrect distance between rws f crps, prmtin f seed treatment and prper harvesting and threshing prcedures. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.4

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Setting up custm hiring centers After the field demnstratins are held, custm hiring centers/camps are set-up in these mdel villages. Each centre is managed by a field crdinatr, wh hires drivers frm amng the village yuth fr perating certain equipments. All the equipments that are demnstrated n the field are parked in these camps and can be hired by farmers fr usage n their agricultural lands by paying a nminal price. Farmers cntact the field crdinatr and bk the equipments they require and the crdinatr gives them a slt i.e. day and time when the equipment will be available fr their use and infrms them abut the hiring price. Fr instance, a farmer can hire a deep plughing tractr fr an hur by paying a price f Rs. 325. This cst includes the cst f the driver as well the diesel cst. All the farmer has t d is guide the driver t his land and supervise him while the driver cnducts the deep plughing prcess. Similarly, farmers can hire ther implements fr their agricultural wrk The hiring rate at these custm hiring centres is cheaper than the rate at which private cmpanies prvide this service. Fr instance the tractr that is hired at Rs. 410 previusly frm the gvernment custm hiring centre is given at the price f Rs 700 t 800 by private cmpanies. Thus the custm hiring centres under the Yantra Dt Yjana are helping farmers cut dwn n agriculture input csts. Enabling subsidized purchase f equipments Alng with prviding farmers with hiring facilities, farmers can purchase agricultural implements and avail subsidies. Fr this purpse, agricultural fficers prepare subsidy cases f interested farmers wh may then purchase the implements frm the implement prviders registered with the gvernment. In this manner, 25 percent t 75 per cent csts are saved fr farmers while buying agricultural equipments. Training In rder t ensure that the benefits f the Yantra Dt scheme reach the farmers adequately, it is vital t create awareness amng them. Fr this purpse, alng with the cmmunity awareness effrts during the field demnstratins, farmers are als given training at farmer training centers/krishi Vigyan Kendras by scientists wh educate them abut the usage and benefits f advanced agricultural techniques. Farmers are als given seasn- specific advice. These trainings are prvided nt just t farmers frm 'Yantra Dt villages' but als t farmers frm nearby villages. Recgnizing the rle and ptential f wmen in transfrming agricultural practices, specialized training sessins fr wmen are als rganized. Expsure visits f farmers frm nearby villages t Yantra Dt villages are als rganized frm time t time t shwcase t them the changes that Yantra Dt has led t. Alng with such frmal events, there is cnstant interactin and exchange between the farming cmmunity and district fficers f the Department f Agriculture Engineering at infrmal events like the celebratin f independence and republic day, cricket matches etc. In this manner, there is a strng rapprt is built between fficials and farmers which prves beneficial while implementing the Yantra Dt scheme. Mnitring I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.5

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh T ensure the smth implementatin f the scheme, senir level fficials peridically visit these Yantra Dt Villages, inspect the crps, interact with farmers and hld experience sharing meetings. This keeps senir fficials up t date with the n field prgress f Yantra Dt. In this manner, a scrutiny is maintained n the functining f the field agricultural fficers as the farmers' inputs and field realities reflect the dedicatin and cmmitment f these fficers. Machinery The varius types f machines that are used at different stages f farming are given belw. Summer Deep Land Prepar atin Swing f seed Weeding Spraying pesticides Harvesting Thrashin g Plugh Y Y Reversible Y Plugh Rtavatr Y Y Cultivatr Y Y Seed Drill Y Y Zer tillage Y hand held Y sprayer Pest Y blaster Harvester Y Y Reaper Y Thrasher Y Ridge Y Furrw Fertilizer Y Drill Paddle Y Wheel Y hand Hand held Y sy bidder I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.6

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Summer Deep: Main machineries used in this stage f cultivatin are plugh, rtavatr and cultivatr. Land Preparatin: Machines that are mainly used fr land preparatin are seed drill, rtavatr, cultivatr and plugh. ROTAVATORS CULTIVATORS SEED DRILL MACHINE I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.7

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh RAISED BED PLANTER PESTICIDE SPRAYER I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.8

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh HARVESTER THRASHER I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.9

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Machinery being clsely bserved by I-Win Team Member The direct infrmatin given t farmers under Yantra Dt scheme includes land preparatins fr cultivatin, remving weeds frm the field, prcess t destry ld seeds, insects, maintaining distance between rws f crp thrugh seed-fertilizer drill, prmtin f seed treatment thugh seed drill and rain gun. Farmers are als infrmed abut the use f harvester and thrasher machine. Financial plan f the scheme The scheme is funded under the Krishi Shakti Yjana scheme f the Madhya Pradesh gvernment fr enhancing prductin and generating emplyment amng the farming cmmunity. Funds fr the scheme are als cllected by merger f funds frm varius ther Central (Macr Management Scheme, Rashtriya krishi Vikas Yjana etc.) and State gvernment spnsred agricultural schemes I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 2.10

Evaluatin and Impact assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh CHAPTER 3 Methdlgy The evaluatin and impact assessment study is designed t assess the verall perfrmance f the scheme with respect t its planned bjectives. T carry ut the study fllwing apprach was adpted as shwn belw. Recnnaissance Survey: Target ppulatin f recnnaissance was farmers f the villages and gvernment fficials. It was cnducted t understand the brad parameters f the area in respects f this prject. Outcme frm recnnaissance survey as expected was: Prfile f the area Determinatin f pckets fr drawing samples Identificatin f key infrmants Available infrastructure Extensive Secndary Research: In-Huse and public dmain surces were used fr secndary research. Data and Infrmatin frm a variety f surces were cllated in a structural manner s that they culd put int perspective. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 3.1

Evaluatin and Impact assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Outcme frm secndary survey as received was related t: Land hlding under different crp cultivatin Area & prductivity status Irrigatin status Infrastructure availability Farmers prfile Cnditin f Land Prfile f the villages Stakehlders Feedback: Feedbacks frm entities having distinct rles starting frm inceptin f the scheme t implementatin and executin have been sught. Discussins and interviews were undertaken frm Officers f the directrate f agricultural engineering, Gvt. f MP: district level agricultural engineering fficers f all 20 identified districts; Field fficers; Rural Agriculture Extensin Officers (RAEOs) etc. The agricultural famers have been given specific and distinguished fcus fr the study and extensive field survey has been undertaken fr them. Outcme frm the stakehlder s cnsultatin was as fllws: Technlgy using in the cultivatin Prductin status f the particular villages befre and after implementatin f the scheme Farmer cllectives & ther disintermediatin initiatives taken Planning f the scheme Cverage f the districts Field Survey: A questinnaire based field survey was cnducted n the farmers. Randm samples were drawn fr surveying the farmers in all the twenty identified districts. The lcatins were nt biased n the level and quantum f agricultural crps grwn and thus are nt expected t influence the utcme n the required parameters. Outcme f the survey was bradly related t: Farmers prfile Land hlding pattern Land utilizatin pattern at individual level General prductin practice, technical knwhw & awareness Cst estimatin fr prductin Pre and pst incme level. Advantages and shrtages Majr cncerns Due care was put in t see that the weightage t be given t the number f farmer respndents under each district fr the sample survey was cmmensurate with the size and level f vegetable prductin wherever pssible. Secndary research and departmental fficers feedback was the determining I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 3.2

Evaluatin and Impact assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh factrs in this respect. The randm sampling was nt biased n the demgraphic, livelihd and educatinal parameters. All were treated n the same platfrm f representatin. Other Related Organizatins: The Baseline survey als needs t lk int and explre views f the entities and rganizatins, which may nt directly related t vegetable cultivatin, r participating in its supply existing chain. But their rles and views were fund t be imprtant fr the study. There are Department f Agriculture, Gvt. f MP; Fd & Drug Administratin, Bhpal; Department f Agriculture & Cperatin, Ministry f Agriculture, Gvt. f India, Bhpal; NHM, MP; etc. Sample selectin methd The study was carried ut n a sample basis. The samples were the representative f the entire state. At first accrding t the Terms f Reference 10 villages frm ten different znes are t be surveyed. But it was nt enugh t get a cmprehensive picture abut the effects f the scheme. Then it was decided that at least 25 villages are t be surveyed t get a better understanding abut the scheme. S, finally 25 villages frm twenty ne districts were selected. Amng thse, in 20 villages Yantra Dt scheme was intrduced in 2010-11 and in 5 villages it was intrduced in 2011-12. Cverage Farmers f fllwing twenty five villages in twenty ne districts are cnsidered fr survey and their views and suggestins are t be taken int accunt. Timeline I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 3.3

Evaluatin and Impact assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh The present study has been carried ut under strict timeline. All the twenty five identified villages have been surveyed with the best pssible extent. Feedbacks, interviews, secndary research, field survey etc. have been cnducted simultaneusly rather than sequentially t satisfy and meet the time requirements. The fllwing table wuld ffer details f days spent with respective activities. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 3.4

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh CHAPTER 4 Situatin Analysis & Findings f the survey Findings f the Study On the basis f farmer s survey, majr findings f impact f Yantra Dt scheme n farmers and farming practices in Madhya Pradesh are the fllwing: Increase in agricultural prductivity Empwerment f the farming cmmunity Cnservatin f resurces Shrtages f machinery Willingness t pay mre fr services I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.1

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Farmers are surveyed by I-WIN team Land hlding pattern Farmers with marginal, small, medium and large land hldings can be bserved in the state. It was fund that in the surveyed villages average land hlding is 9.5 acre. The fllwing pie chart represents the percentage marginal, small, medium and large farmers in thse villages. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.2

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Awareness abut the scheme It was bserved that farmers f the area knew abut the scheme and gt the infrmatin frm the gvernment fficials. Gvernment fficials have taken fllwing steps t ensure that all the farmers have knwledge abut the scheme Meeting with the farmers at a regular basis. Wrkshps fr farmers. Seminars s that they learn abut new techniques and methds. Meeting with varius agricultural scientists s that farmers can expand their knwledge base. Taking the farmers f a village t ther villages where the scheme is already applied s that they can see the benefit with their wn eyes. All these initiatives have ensured that farmers are knwledgeable abut the benefits f the scheme. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.3

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Changes in prductin Accrding t the farmers the scheme has made a psitive impact n the prductin f crps in their villages. Majrity f the farmers said that their prductin has increased arund 50%. While fr sme f them prductin has mre than dubled, fr rest f the farmers it has almst dubled. The fllwing pie-chart shws the percentage f farmers fr whm prductin has increased at varius degrees. Inadequacy f services 62% f the farmers said that they received adequate number f machinery at every stage f agricultural activity. While 38% said that they faced sme shrtages f machinery in time f cultivatin. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.4

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Sustainability f the scheme The scheme perates n rent basis s farmers are used t the cncept f paying rent fr services. These services are decided n the basis f cnsultatin with the farmers. 59% f the farmers surveyed said that they are willing t pay mre than the current rent (Rs.410 per hur & Rs.15 per km.) fr timely services. Majrity f them are willing t pay between Rs. 500 t Rs.600. Requirement f mre machinery Mre than half f the farmers surveyed said that machines prvided t them under the scheme is adequate fr them and they never felt any shrtage f machinery during their time f need. Tractrs with high hrse pwer are required in mre number in almst all the villages. Other than that cultivatr, rtavatr and reaper are the machines they required in mre numbers. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.5

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Empwerment f the farming cmmunity Increasing prductivity f each crp has led t increase in farmers incme and imprvement f his sci-ecnmic status. While fr sme f the farmers their incme has mre than dubled, fr majrity f them their incme has increased up t 75-100%. The fllwing pie chart depicts the percentage f farmers whse incme has increased at varius percentages. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.6

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Case study: Name f the farmer: Shiven Singh Name f the village: Matha Name f the blck: Rampur Baghelan Name f the district: Satna Ttal agricultural land: 3.5 acre Crps cultivated: Rabi seasn Wheat, Gram Kharif seasn Sybean, Paddy His revenue as well as prductivity has increased after the implementatin f the scheme. The difference in his revenue is shwn belw in tabular frm. Crps Average Price Ttal Prductin befre the scheme Revenue (befre) Ttal Prductin after the scheme Revenue (after) % change in revenue Sybean 2710.5 18 48789 30 81315 67% Wheat 1650 30 49500 60 99000 100% Chana 4500 6 27000 8 36000 33% Paddy 2245.5 16 35928 30 67365 88% Ttal 161217 283680 76% The price f each crp is taken frm http://www.mpmandibard.cm/ (average price is taken as average f minimum and maximum selling price fr each crp, as n 30.11.12) It can be seen frm the table that his verall revenue has increased 76% after the implementatin f the scheme. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.7

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Crp wise effect f the scheme Sybean: Madhya Pradesh is the largest prducer f sybean in India. It cntributes almst half f ttal sybean prductin in India. It is prduced during kharif seasn here. Befre Yantra Dt scheme was launched prductivity f sybean in these villages were 1441 kg. Per hectare. Nw after the implementatin f the scheme the prductivity has gne up t 2581 kg. per hectare. Paddy: Paddy is cultivated during kharif seasn in Madhya Pradesh. As it requires lt f water farmers dn t cultivate paddy during Rabi seasn. Previusly average prductivity f paddy in these villages was 1928 kg. per hectare. Nw after the implementatin f Yantra Dt scheme the prductivity f paddy almst dubled in these villages. The average prductivity is 3539 kg. per hectare in these villages. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.8

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Wheat: Wheat is ne f the majr Rabi crps in Madhya Pradesh. The state cntributes t almst 8% f ttal wheat prductin in the cuntry. Befre Yantra Dt scheme average yield f wheat in these villages were 2808 kg. per hectare. After the implementatin f scheme average prductivity increased mre than 60% and nw it is 4586 kg. per hectare. Gram: Madhya Pradesh is the largest prducer f gram in India. It cntributes t arund 30% f ttal gram prductin f this cuntry. It is majrly cultivated during Rabi seasn. Befre the scheme average prductivity in these villages were 1115 kg. per hectare. Nw after the implementatin f the scheme prductin has increased mre than 80% t 2019 kg. per hectare. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.9

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Lentil: One f the majr crp cultivated during Rabi seasn is Lentil r Masur. Madhya Pradesh hlds secnd psitin in terms f ttal lentil prductin in India. It cntributes t almst 25% f ttal lentil prductin in the cuntry. Befre the scheme average prductivity f lentil in these districts were 622 kg. per hectare. After the successful implementatin f the scheme it has gne up t 1461 kg. per hectare. Farmers are explaining the difference in prductivity t I-WIN team I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.10

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Under the Yantra Dt Yjana, farmers are encuraged t replace their traditinal time cnsuming farming practices with time saving mechanized prcedures. The table belw presents a snapsht f hw Yantra Dt has mdified varius farming practices in these villages: Farming Stage Old Prcedure New Prcedure Plughing Seed separatin & treatment Bullck carts were used. It did nt mix the sil that well and nly surface f the land were plughed. The land retained less water & land was nt flattened after swing Gd quality seeds were nt separated frm infected r spilt quality seed prperly Treatment f seeds and fertilizers were dne by hands. Plughing is dne thrugh tractrs and because f that land is deep plughed, s it retains mre water and mixes the sil better. After that land is flattened using rtavatr. Seeds are prperly separated using spiral grader and nly gd quality seeds are used fr swing. Seed treatment drums are used fr prper mixing f seeds with fertilizer Swing It was dne thrugh sprinkling f seeds by hands. It resulted in eating f seeds by birds which led t wastage f farming land and human labur. Swing is dne using seed cum fertilizer drill. Mdern techniques like raised bed planting & ridge-furrw swing are als used. Irrigatin Since plughing is dne imprperly sil retains less water therefre it requires mre irrigatin. Inadequate irrigatin technique leads t wastage f water. Mdern plughing techniques increases water retentin capacity f sil s less water is required. Als use f sprinklers reduces wastage f water and als saves time. Harvesting Thrashing Crps were cut manually. It was very time cnsuming. It was dne manually with the help f animals. It led t lss f grains due t breakage. Self prpelled reaper cuts and bundles crps. It saves time and there is less wastage. Mechanized multi crp thrasher is used. It reduces time. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.11

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh MAJOR CROP WISE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS In the fllwing few bar diagrams, we have made a cmparative analysis f current agr situatin f Madhya Pradesh, wherein we have cnsidered the fur main crps f Madhya Pradesh and designed the analysis such that the crps where Madhya Pradesh lags behind has been analyzed first and the crp in which they have distinctive advantage have been given afterwards. WHEAT: I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.12

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Frm the previus tw figures it is pretty clear that Madhya Pradesh has mre area under wheat cultivatin than Punjab and Haryana but the per hectare yield is s lw that it lags behind these tw states in the verall prduce f wheat. The per hectare yield f 1.7 tnnes is almst 42.5 % f Haryana and 40 % f Punjab. S it is clear that Madhya Pradesh is far behind in terms f prductivity if we cmpare it with Punjab and Haryana. Here the Yantra Dt scheme can play a vital rle t enhance the prductivity f wheat and make Madhya Pradesh ne f the leading Wheat prducing states in India GRAM: In case f Gram, we can see that Madhya Pradesh hlds a cmparative advantage when it cmes t area under cultivatin f gram. It s near abut duble f its nearest cmpetitrs. Hence thugh the per I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.13

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh hectare yield is lwer than Uttar Pradesh, MP plays n the vlume and gets cmparative advantage n ttal prduce. But still there is scpe fr imprvement as far as prductivity is cncerned and herein the Yantradt Scheme will play a pivtal part in bridging the gap. LENTIL: I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.14

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Nw we cme t Lentil, which is anther majr crp f Madhya Pradesh. If we see the previus tw graphs, its pretty clear that MP and UP are the tw leading states fllwed by Bihar. MP and UP has mre r less the same land area under lentil cultivatin but where MP lags behind UP is the per hectare yield which is very lw cmpared t UP. Its almst 75% f UP and this prductivity is the sle reasn that MP is the 2 nd ranked state as far as Lentil prductin is cncerned. Herein the Yantradt scheme can play a significant part in imprving the prductivity and help in MP gaining cmparative advantage ver UP. SOYBEAN: I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.15

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Pradesh Sybean is the leading crp f Madhya Pradesh by a lng way and its n wnder that MP hld the cmparative advantage ver all ther Indian states in case f sybean prductin. The area under prductin is huge and it is increasing day by day. Nearest cmpetitr are Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Althugh MP has cmplete cmparative advantage, the fllwing graph will depict that there is scpe fr imprvement The abve graph is basically a trend analysis wherein data n years 2008-2011 has been taken and a predictive figure has been designed fr 2012. In this we can see that the ther tw states were lagging far behind in prductivity but have caught up with MP in this regard and hence herein the Yantradt scheme will play a imprtant rle in MP wresting back the initiative frm the cmpetitrs. I-WIN/12-13/F/DPR/RO/026 4.16

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Prasdesh CHAPTER 5 Cnclusin and Recmmendatin Key Findings Prductin f crps almst dubled after the implementatin f the scheme. Farmers earning has increased many flds s there sci-ecnmic status has imprved. The scheme has increased utput level withut any majr increase in input cst. Farmers knwledge base regarding the use f new techniques and machineries has increased. There is lack f irrigatin facility in many villages which creates an bstacle in realizing the full ptential f the scheme. There is als lack f adequate pwer supply. In mst villages there are adequate amunt f machineries t serve the whle village. Suggestive Measurers The tenure f the scheme fr ne village shuld be increased t at least tw year (fur agriseasn) s the farmers can have better understanding f the effects f the scheme. Tribal villages like Dindwariya in Umaria districts where there is very little technical knwledge regarding agriculture the tenure f scheme can be extended t mre than tw years. Subsidy shuld be prvided t farmers t encurage them t buy agricultural machinery and they shuld be encuraged t rent thse machines t ther farmers. This can ease the burden n gvernment t prvide mre machines in a village als it can encurage mre farmers t buy machines n their wn. It will increase number machines in a village and save time. Initially incentives can be given fr less expensive machines s the well t d farmers are encuraged t buy thse machines and gvernment can invest thse prceeds in buying machines which are mre expensive and beynd the financial reach f a farmer. It shuld be mnitred prperly whether the farmers are getting the machines during peak time in every phase f the cultivatin prcess. As the rainfall is nt adequate, hence prper irrigatin facilities have t be set up in rder t fulfill the excess demand fr water. Available area has t be refrmed t bring in mre and mre part under cultivatin in rder t increase the scale and vlume f prductin. I-WIN/12-13/D/DPR/RO/022 5.1

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Prasdesh Regular and uninterrupted pwer supply has t be ensured fr further betterment. SWOT Analysis Strength (S), Weakness (W), pprtunities (O) and Threats (T) which were fund ut frm the survey perfrmed are tabulated belw. Strength (S) Weakness (W) Opprtunities (O) Threats (T) Increase in quantity f agricultural prduce. Sci-ecnmic status f farmers has imprved. Farmers are expsed t mdern technique and machineries. Prductin increased withut any significant increase in cst f prductin. Shrtage f staff like drivers and labrs Repairing f damaged machines takes lt f time. Inadequate number f machines in many villages. Opprtunities t learn and explre new techniques and methds. Has huge scpe f use as it is a fllw up t the Spiral grader and Seed treatment drum prject, which has bsted the Quality f seeds. Mre use f machines can bring in yung and learned peple int farming Inadequate availability f water due t lack f rain and prper irrigatin facilities Private cmpany s invlvement due t shrtages f gvernment machineries. Machineries are given at rent at much lwer rate than private prviders. Cnclusin The Yantradt scheme is a successful mdel fr agriculture mechanizatin. It created a mdel which reduces time and cst f farming by implementing mdern agricultural technlgies and machineries. The scheme has gathered the inputs f varius existing agricultural mdel and directed their effect in a cnslidated manner n a particular village. Beginning with a single village, the scheme has nw benefited a pl f villages that are inspiring many ther villages t fllw this scheme. The success f Yantradt scheme lies in its direct, impact driven apprach which has yielded very visible effects in terms f increased agricultural prductivity and rising farmers incme and standard f living. I-WIN/12-13/D/DPR/RO/022 5.2

Evaluatin and Impact Assessment Study f Yantra Dt Scheme in Madhya Prasdesh I-WIN/12-13/D/DPR/RO/022 5.3