Nuclear Fuel cycle with AREVA I. LEBOUCHER VP Marketing Fuel recycling September 29, 2010
Nuclear Power gaining Public Support in Europe 2005 Poland : 26% 55% 37% 8% 2008 Poland : 39% 45% 44% 11% Source : EUROBAROMETER 2008 In Favor > 50% In Favor < 50% Don t know Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.2
AREVA preparing fuel cycle needs: A worldwide diversified uranium producer... CANADA Mc Arthur Mc Clean Cigar Lake, Midwest, Kiggavik, Shea Creek FRANCE KAZAKHSTAN Katco MONGOLIA Sainshand JORDAN USA SENEGAL NIGER Somaïr Cominak Imouraren GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bakouma Active mines Mining projects Exploration NAMIBIA Trekkopje SOUTH AFRICA Ryst Kuil AUSTRALIA Offices Restructured mines Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.3
Mining:... with new mines and extensions under development AREVA Key Projects Imouraren Mine operator: AREVA Shareholders: AREVA (57%), State of Niger (33%), KEPCO (10%) Resources: 198 300 tu Planned production (1) : 5,000 tu / yr Investment (1) : > 1Bn April 2006: Project launched May 2008: Feasibility study completed 2010: Start of construction 2013/ 2014: Start of production Katco Mine operator: KATCO Shareholders: AREVA (51%), Kazatomprom (49%) Resources: 54,400 tu Planned production (1) : 4,000 tu / yr Investment (1) : > 400M April 2004: Start of commercial production after 3 years of pilot operations 2009: Production of 3,100 tu 2012: Production capacity of 4,000 tu Trekkopje Cigar lake Mine operator: AREVA Shareholder: AREVA (100%) Resources: 45,500 MTU Planned production (1) : 3,000 tu / yr Investment (1) : > 700M July 2007: UraMin acquisition April 2008: Feasibility study complete End of 2008: Start of construction 2012: Start of production Mine operator: Cameco Shareholders: Cameco (50%), AREVA (37%), third parties Resources: 135,000 tu Planned production (1) : 6,000 tu / yr Investment (1) :: > 1 Bn 2013/ 2014: Start of production Note: (1) Production and Capex figures are 100% basis Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.4
Current Investment Projects Current Operations Conversion & Enrichment: Ensuring an integrated supply of services France: Georges Besse II Enrichment Facility France: AREVA NC Pierrelatte Chemical Facility France: Comurhex Malvesi & Pierrelatte Conversion Facilities Active since 1959 USA: Eagle Rock Enrichment Facility Capacity: 14,000 tu per year Adaptable to a wide range of uranium concentrates Investment over $2B Capacity: 3.2 million SWU per year Production start in 2014 Investment of 3B Chemical support activities: Defluorination, Denitration, Cylinder maintenance.. Capacity: 7.5 million SWU per year Production start in the coming months; nominal capacity scheduled for 2016 vs. planned 2018 France: Georges Besse Enrichment Facility France: Comurhex II Conversion Facility Active since 1979 Investment of about 610M Capacity: 10.8 million SWU per year Capacity: 15,000 tu per year, extensible to 21,000 tu Highly flexible industrial facility Production start ~ 2012 Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.5
AREVA Fuel Activities: Largest plant capacity worldwide, renewed and ready for growth Fuel Design & Fabrication Richland Dessel Lingen Investments Fuel Manufacturing Plants Design and Sales Lynchburg Lyon Romans-sur-Isère Melox France: Romans Fuel Manufacturing Plant Richland Over 100M invested to modernize the Romans facility Targeted licensed capacities: Lynchburg Romans Dessel Lingen Powder 1,800 t 1,200 t * 800 t * FAs 700 t 700 t 820 t * 700 t 650 t * Tokai (JV with MHI) 1,800 t of Powder Melox² 195 t 195 t * * licensing limit; 1,400 t of Fuel Assemblies Total 3,995 t ² MOX Fuel Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.6
Nuclear Power could gain more Public Support in Europe with a sound solution for waste 2005 Poland : 52% 45% 44% 8% 2008 Poland : 63% 27% 11% 62% With a sound solution for waste Source : EUROBAROMETER 2008 In Favor > 50% In Favor < 50% Don t know Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.7
Nuclear waste : what are we talking about? Waste generated per person per year in France Industrial Waste 14,000 kg Dangerous Waste 140 kg Long-lived Waste 20 à 30 g Nuclear Waste less than 1 kg High-Level Waste 10 g Same approach could be applied to Poland Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.8 Sources: ADEME 2004, ANDRA
Radioactive waste classification Very low level waste VLLW 10 Bq/g Final Disposal Low level waste LLW A few 10 5 Bq/g Medium level waste MLW A few 10 6 Bq/g Surface disposals (in operation since 1969) Surface disposal site (opened in 2003) Short-life waste (half-life of in radionuclides < 30 yrs) Sub surface disposal sites (under development) compacted Long-life waste Interim Storage High level waste HLW A few 10 9 Bq/g vitrified In-depth disposal (Under research) (law of 1991 15 years R&D - debate and law in 2006) Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.9
Why having an interest in conditioning HLW waste safely? 53 GWe 60 GWe 63 GWe Used Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management: evolution of the French regulatory framework 1 14 GWe 1 GWe Dec. 1991 Act June 2006 Parliamentary ActConsultation Repository operation? 1970 1980 1990 2000 2015 2010 2020 2025 Because used fuel management is a long process (french example) : for New Build it should anticipated Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.10
Recycling nuclear fuel Recycled Fuel Pu under MOX REPU under ERU Customers Reactors Recycling Used Fuel Packaged Waste Interim storage facility or repository Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.11
Typical composition of a LWR Used Fuel Assembly 1 Light Water Fuel Assembly (PWR) = 500 kg of uranium prior to irradiation After irradiation in reactor: Recyclable Material Waste After Irradiation [1] U 475 to 480 kg ( 95~96 %) Pu 5 kg (1 %) FP & MA 15 to 20 kg (3~4 % with 0.1% of MA) ERU [2] Fuel MOX [3] Fuel Ultimate Waste 96% of the material contained in Used Nuclear Fuel is recyclable [1] percentage depends on burn-up and initial Enrichment [2] ERU stands for re-enriched Reprocessed Uranium fuel [3] MOX stantds for Mixed OXyde fuel Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.12
MOX Fuel in Europe 36 NPPs in Belgium, France, Germany and Switzerland Unterweser Emsland Tihange 2 Brokdorf Grohnde Doel 3 Grafenrheinfeld Gravelines Dampierre B1 1 B2 B3 B4 2 3 4 B6 2 10 2 Philippsburg Chinon B1 B2 B3 B4 2 Isar Saint-Laurent Le Blayais Tricastin B1 1 2 B2 1 2 3 4 21 3 B C Gundremmingen 1 2 2 Neckar Westheim Beznau Gösgen PWR BWR Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.13
ERU Fuel in Europe 18 NPPs Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland Unterweser 2 Oskashamn Borsele Brokdorf Cruas Doel Tihange 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 3 1 7 B 1 2 1 2 Obrigheim Grundemmingen NeckarWestheim Beznau 4 3 Gösgen PWR BWR *: No ERU in core yet Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.14
Ultimate Waste conditioned into a safe, stable and compact form As Plutonium has been removed, no safeguards is required Both glass matrix and compacted waste are encased in a standard «Universal Canister» Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.15
UCs a genuine Universal Canister Japan Easy transport Easy on-site handling conditions UK Belgium Netherlands Germany The ultimate waste (Vitrified / Compacted Waste) do not contain IAEA-safeguarded fissile materials Rationalization of ultimate waste policy (interim storage and final disposal) France Spain Switzerland Italy Australia Designed for long-term safety, Universal Canisters simplify handling and leave room for shared storage solutions Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.16
High Level Waste and fresh fuel transportation / Storage services A wide range of casks answering to customers needs : transportation : Used fuel, MOX, ERU, Transportation and/or interim storage Vitrified residues Compacted residues Used fuel Interim storage : TN 112, 2008 (AIEA 2005) Used fuel Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.17
Global impact of recycling on kwh production cost The total generation cost is dominated by the capital cost The fuel cycle costs is typically 15% to 20% of the total generation cost The back-end costs are fairly small when compared to the total generation cost: 5% to 7% Natural Uranium Conversion Enrichment Fuel Fabrication Transport Treatment for Recycling Breakdown of the cost of nuclear fuel cycle* Storage *Assumptions: natural uranium of $52/lb and discount rate of 8% except for expenditure relating to ultimate waste stages in the fuel cycle (transport, treatment and storage) which are calculated using a 3% discount rate (source: www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie, 2008) Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.18
Recycling is a competitive solution compared to direct disposal A 1994 OECD study shows that the overall costs of recycling and direct disposal are more or less identical A study conducted by BCG (Boston Consulting Group) in the US in 2006 shows the costs of recycling and direct disposal to be comparable RECYCLING DIRECT DISPOSAL Credits (Plutonium and Uranium) Interim Storage Recycling Transports Waste disposal Interim Storage Transports Packaging Waste Disposal Sources: www.bcg.com and OECD-Nuclear Energy Agency at www.nea.com Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.19
Recycling reduces uncertainty Recycling reduces the risks associated with the uncertainty surrounding disposal costs RECYCLING Controlled costs DIRECT DISPOSAL Strong uncertainty surrounding costs UNCERTAIN COSTS UNCERTAIN COSTS CONTROLLED COSTS CONTROLLED COSTS Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.20 Source: International Benchmark AREVA
Recycling, what s more? Saves up to 25% in natural uranium Promotes energy independence through: Recovered Pu recycled into MOX fuel Recovered RepU recycled into ERU fuel Increased fuel price predictibility Optimizes Final disposal by Reducing waste volume, radiotoxicity and heat load Helps gain and sustain public acceptance Strengthens proliferation resistance Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.21
NUCLEAR IS A RECYCLABLE ENERGY Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.22
Recycling brings a positive image Recycling as an option of Used Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy I. Leboucher - p.23