EPITHELIA Advances in Cell Physiology and Cell Culture

EPITHELIA Advances in Cell Physiology and Cell Culture

EPITHELIA Advances in Cell Physiology and Cell Culture Edited by Christopher J. Jones formerly Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Epithelia. 1. Mammals. Epithelia. Cells I. Jones, Christopher J. 599.087 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Epithelia: advances in cell physiology and cell culture/edited by Christopher J. Jones, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-5739-4 ISBN 978-94-011-3905-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3905-2 1. Epithelium Cytology. 2. Epithelium Cultures and culture media. I. Jones, Christopher J. [DNLM: 1. Biological Transport. 2. Cells, Cultured physiology. 3. Epithelium cytology. 4. Epithelium physiology. QS 532.5.E7 E635] QP88.4.E6 1990 611'.0187 dc-20 DNML/DCL for Library of Congress 90-5342 CIP Copyright 1990 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Contents List of contributors Preface Acknowledgements Vll IX X Section I: GASTROINTESTINAL EPITHELIA Introduction 3 l. Gastrointestinal epithelial barrier to acid: studies with isolated membrane vesicles and cultured epithelial cells 5 B. H. Hirst 2. Establishment and characteristics of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines 29 S. C. Kirkland 3. Transepithelial ion transport in cultured colonic epithelial cell monolayers 49 A. W. Cuthbert Section II: PANCREAS Introduction 67 4. Pancreatic ducts: isolation, culture and bicarbonate treatment 69 B. E. Argent and M. A. Gray 5. Cultured epithelial cells derived from human fetal pancreatic duct 99 A. Harris Section III: KIDNEY Introduction 119 6. Electrophysiology of the nephron: new insights gained from the patch-clamp technique 121 M. Hunter

CONTENTS 7. Transport physiology of renal and intestinal cell culture models 145 M. H. Montrose 8. Established renal epithelial cell lines: experimental panacea or artifact? 173 N. L. Simmons Section IV: RESPIRATORY EPITHELIA Introduction 193 9. Form and function of airway epithelium 195 P. K. Jeffery 10. Physiological properties of cultured airway epithelial cells: comparison with intact epithelial tissues 221 M. R. van Scott, J. R. Yankaskas and R. C. Boucher 11. Solution transport across alveolar epithelia of foetal and adult lungs 233 J. T. Gatzy, E. M. Krochmal and S. T. Ballard 12. Regulation of ion channels in cultured airway epithelial cells 255 J. J. Smith Section V: SKIN AND SKIN GLANDS Introd uction 287 13. Isolated human skin glands and appendages: models for cystic fibrosis, acne vulgaris, alopecia and hidradenitis suppurativa 289 T. Kealey 14. Electrophysiological and morphological studies on secretory and reabsorptive segments of the human eccrine sweat gland and on primary cell cultures established from these regions 305 C. J. Jones 15. Cell culture systems for the study of human skin and skin glands 333 C. M. Lee Index 351

List of Contributors B. E. ARGENT Department of Physiological Sciences The Medical School S. T. BALLARD Department of Physiology University of South Alabama School of Medicine, MSB3024 Mobile, AL 36688 R. C. BOUCHER Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases CB#7020, 724 Burnett-Womack Building University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7020 A.W.CUTHBERT Department of Pharmacology University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road Cambridge CB2 IQl J. T. GATZY Department of Pharmacology Medical School, CB#7365 FLOB University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599 M.A. GRAY Department of Physiological Sciences The Medical School A. HARRIS Paediatric Research Unit Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics UMDS Guy's Campus, Guy's Tower London Bridge, London SEI 9RT B. H. HIRST Department of Physiological Sciences The Medical School M. HUNTER Department of Physiology Worsley Medical and Dental Building University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9NQ P. K. JEFFERY Department of Lung Pathology National Heart and Lung Institute Brompton Hospital London SW3 6HP C. J. JONES formerly of the Department of Zoology University of Durham Durham DHI 3LE and the Division of Biomedical Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521-0121

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS T. KEALEY Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospitill Hills Road, (,:ambridge CB2 2QR S. C. KIJlL"\ND Imperial Cancer Research Fund HistQPilthology Unit Department of Histopathology Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road London WI2 OHS E. M. KROCHMAL Department of Pediatrics Division of Lung Biology University of Utah, 50 North Medical Drive Salt Lake City, UT 84132 C. M. LEE Pharmacogenetics Research Unit Department of Pharmacological Science The Medical School, M. H. MONTROSE Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Hunterian 515 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 N. 1. SIMMONS Department of Physiological Sciences The Medical School J. J. SMITH Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa College of Medicine 2542 Colloton Pavilion Iowa City, IA 52242 M. R. VAN SCOTT Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases CB#7020, 724 Burnett-Womack Building University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7020 J. R. YANKASKAS Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases CB#7020, 724 Burnett-Womack Building University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7020

Preface Epithelial cells probably constitute the most diverse group of cells found in the body. In addition to serving as interfaces between external and internal environments, their functions include ion and fluid secretion and reabsorption, protein exocytosis, hormone secretion, recognition, surface protection and the control of ciliary movement. By their very exposure on the surfaces of the body, epithelial cells are subjected to wide-ranging assault, by microorganisms and by chemical and physical forces. They are the targets for abrasion, infection and malignant transformation. Some epithelial cells show altered behaviour in inherited syndromes, such as cystic fibrosis, characterized by serious pancreatic and pulmonary disease. In view of the importance of epithelia and the fact that their function can be altered by environmental and inherited factors, they are the subject of intensive research, particularly so in the case of cancer where most tumours are of epithelial origin. The use of animal tissues in epithelial research continues to provide important advances and this, coupled with the need to focus more on human tissues, has prompted a greater research emphasis on accessible human epithelia and on the establishment of cell cultures from animal and human sources. For primary cell cultures and cell lines to be of value, they need to express properties appropriate to their progenitors and relevant to the study in progress. The purpose of this book is to consider some of the advances which have been made in the study of native epithelia, both animal and human, and in the development of cell cultures and cell lines from these sources. To facilitate this presentation, the text has been divided into five sections: Gastrointestinal Epithelia, Pancreas, Kidney, Respiratory Epithelia, and Skin and Skin Glands. IX

Acknowledgements I should like to thank all of the authors for contributing such excellent chapters in their specialist fields and for adhering as much as possible to the desired format, particularly with respect to a consideration of techniques, justification of the use of cultured cells and a look ahead to future developments. I also wish to thank Dr Barry Argent and Dr M. M. Reddy for giving second opinions on certain chapters. This book was developed in response to an invitation from Kluwer Academic Publishers and I should especially like to thank Dr Michael Brewis, Dr Peter Clarke and Mr Philip Johnstone for their assistance during the production and publication. x