Information from collected literature for Niger to be used for crop modelling for Niger

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1 JW, May 24, 2013 Information from collected literature for Niger to be used for crop modelling for Niger A. Crop calendar, TSUM, sowing date and growth duration FAO crop calendars for Maize / Sorghum / Millet/ Wheat / Rice Administrative areas (agro-ecology) Agadez Region: Arlit, Bilma,Tchirozérine Divisions, Agadez municipality; Tahou Region: Tchintabaraden and Abalack Divisions; Zinder Region: North Gouré Division; Diffa Region: N'Guigmi Division (Desert Sahara zone) Tahoua Region: Tahoua, Keita, Bouza, North Illéla Divisions. Tillabéri Region: North Filingué, Ouallam, Tillabéri and Téra Divisions. Maradi Region: North and Centre Dakoro Division, North Mayahi and North Tessaoua Divisions. Zinder Region: Tanout, North (Sahel Sahara zone) Crop Wheat, common Millet, pearl Additio nal information Planting - onset Planting - end Sowing rate (kg/ha) Growth duration 01/11 30/ days 01/07 31/ days Idem (Sahel Sahara zone) Sorghum 01/07 31/ days Idem (Sahel Sahara zone) Wheat, 01/11 30/ common days Tillabéri Region: South Say; Maize Irrigated 15/11 31/ Division; Dosso Region: Gaya crop days Division; Maradi Region: South Madarounfa; Division; Zinder Region: South Matamèye and Magaria Divisions (Sahel Sudan zone) Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Maize Rainfed 01/07 31/ days Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Millet, 15/05 30/ pearl days Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Rice Irrigated 01/06 30/ crop days Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Rice Recessi 01/07 31/ onal days crop Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Sorghum 15/05 15/ days Idem (Sahel Sudan zone) Wheat, 01/11 30/ common days Harve sting - onset Harve sting - end 01/01 31/01 15/09 15/10 15/10 15/11 01/02 15/03 01/03 15/04 01/10 15/10 01/09 30/09 01/10 31/10 15/10 31/10 15/10 15/12 01/02 15/03 1

2 Diffa Region: South Diffa and South Maïné Soroa Divisions; Zinder Region: Matamèye, Magaria, South Gouré and Mirriah Centre and South Divisions. Maradi Region: Tessaoua, Aguié, Guidan Roumdji, Madarounfa, South Mayahi, Sud Dakoro; Divisions; Tahoua Region(Sahel zone) Maize Irrigated crop 15/11 31/ days Idem(Sahel zone) Maize Rainfed 01/07 31/ days Idem(Sahel zone) Millet, 15/06 15/ pearl days Idem(Sahel zone) Rice Irrigated 01/06 30/ crop days Idem (Sahel zone) Rice Recessi 01/07 31/ onal days crop Idem(Sahel zone) Sorghum 01/06 31/ days Idem (Sahel zone) Wheat, 01/11 30/ common days 15/03 15/04 01/10 31/10 15/09 30/09 01/10 31/10 15/10 15/11 01/11 30/11 01/02 15/03 Crop calendar and management form for maize, sorghum, rice, wheat and millet in Niger as compiled by Agali Alhassane Locati on Dosso Dosso Konni Tahoua Maradi Tessaou a Zinder Mirriah Diffa Gaya Tillabér i Niamey Konni Crop rotation single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop single crop Double crop ( sorghum- Crop cycle Water regime Actu al yield (ton/ ha) Actual sowing date Optimal sowing date Cultivar / Days from sowing to physiol. maturity Haini Kirey local / 80 Plant density actual Plant density optimal Pearl millet rainfed jun from 20- may 40,000 30,000 Sorghum rainfed jun from 01-jun Sokombo 75,000 45,000 local / 80 Pearl rainfed jun from 01-jun Haini Kirey 40,000 30,000 millet local / 75 Pearl rainfed jul 10-jun Haini Kirey 62,000 30,000 millet local / 75 Pearl rainfed from 20 to 30-jun HKP /75 21,000 30,000 millet 30-may Pearl rainfed jun 1-jun HKP / 85 20,000 30,000 millet Pearl rainfed From 15-1-jun Baangouré(l 42,000 13,500 millet jun ocal variety) Pearl millet Pearl millet Pearl millet Pearl millet Pearl millet Sorghum rainfed from 25- jun 1-jun rainfed from 20- jul from 01-jul rainfed from 15- from 15 to may 30-may rainfed from 15- From 01-jul jun rainfed jun from 01 to 30-jun partially 1.5 from 15- irrigated jul / 85 Baangouré(l ocal variety) / 80 Moro(local variety) / 55 Zongo(local variety) / 80 Haini Kirey local / 85 Haini Kirey local / 90 from 01-jul El tsédawa / 65 25,000 20, , ,000 20,000 30,000 31,505 30,000 50,000 30,000 70,000 50,000 2

3 maize) Konni Konni Konni Konni Konni Maradi Maradi Maradi Gaya Gaya Tillabér i Tillabér i Niamey Niamey Double crop (sorghum -maize) Double crop (sorghum -maize) Double crop (sorghum -maize) Double crop (sorghum -maize) Double crop (sorghum -maize) Triple crop(mai ze-maizebread wheat) Triple crop(mai ze-maizebread wheat) Triple crop(mai ze-maizebread wheat) Double crop(ricerice) Double crop(ricerice) Double crop(ricerice) Double crop(ricerice) Double crop(ricerice) Double crop(ricerice) Maize irrigated 3 from 16- nov Sorghum partially irrigated 3 from 01- jul Maize irrigated 2 from 01- jan Sorghum partially irrigated 20-nov P3 Kollo / jun El tsédawa / nov P3 Kollo / jul 20-jun Djindjaré / 65 Maize irrigated 1 1-jan 15-nov P3 Kollo / 70 Maize partially irrigated 1.5 from 01- jun 1-jun P3 Kollo /85 Maize irrigated okt 15-okt P3 Kollo / 85 Bread wheat irrigated feb 15-feb El Kodarawa / 85 Rice irrigated 4.7 from 01 to 15-feb Rice partially irrigated 4.1 from 01 to 30-jul Rice irrigated 4.5 from 01 to 15-feb Rice partially irrigated 4.3 from 01 to 30-jul Rice irrigated 4.6 from 01 to 15-feb Rice partially irrigated 4.2 from 01 to 30-jul 1-feb Gambiaka /120 from 01-jul Gambiaka / feb Gambiaka / 120 from 01-jul Gambiaka / feb Gambiaka / 120 from 01-jul Gambiaka / ,000 60,000 70,000 60,000 80, ,000 70,000 50,000 75,000 60,000 93, ,000 93, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,000 From Using the CROPWAT model to analyse the effects of climate change on rainfed crops in Niger by CEEPA,

4 B. Yields and Total biomass in experiments Maize From Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment I. Grain yield and yield components by Pandey et al.,

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6 Millet From Use of the APSIM model in long term simulation to support decision making regarding nitrogen management for pearl millet in the Sahel by Akponikpe et al.,

7 From Impact of climate change on agricultural production in the Sahel Part 1. Methodological aproach and case study for millet in Niger by Ben Mohamed et al.,

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9 From Rotation and nitrogen fertilizer effects on pearl millet, cowpea and groundnut yield and soil chemical properties in a sandy soil in the semi-arid tropics, West Africa by Bationo and Ntare,

10 From Plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on pearl millet production in Niger, by Bationo et al.,

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12 From farm-level evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use and planting density for pearl millet production in Niger by Bationo et al.,

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14 From The effect of crop residue and fertilizer use on pearl millet yields in Niger by Bationo et al., 1993 From The effect of soil tillage and fertilizer use on pearl millet yields in Niger by Christanson et al., 1990a 14

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17 From Fate and efficiency of N fertilizers applied to pearl millet in Niger by Christianson et al., 1990b 17

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19 From Effect of planting technique and amendment type on pearl millet yield, nutrient uptake, and water use on degraded land in Niger by Fatondji et al.,

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22 From Effects of primary tillage and soil amendment practices on pearl millet yield and nutrient uptake in the Sahel of West Africa by Ikpe et al.,

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24 From Managing Yield and Water Use of Pearl Millet in the Sahel by Payne,

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29 From Urine effects on soil chemical properties and the impact of urine and dung on pearl millet yield, by Powell et al.,

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31 From Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake, early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa, by Rebafka et al., 1993 From Short- and long-term effects of crop residues and of phosphorus fertilization on pearl millet yield on an acid sandy soil in Niger, West Africa, by Rebafka et al.,

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33 From Trend and stability analyses of millet yields treated with fertilizer and crop residues in the Sahel by Yamoah et al., 2002 Sorghum From Interactions of water, mulch and nitrogen on sorghum in Niger by Zaongo et al.,

34 Cereal and other crops From Alleviating soil fertility constraints to food production in West Africa: Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers applied to food crops by Christanson and Vlek,

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36 From Nitrogen fertilizer response and use efficiency for three cereal crops in Niger, by Pandey et al.,

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40 From Agriculture Intensification and Ecologically Sustainable Land Use in Niger: A Case Study of Evolution of Intensive Systems with Supplementary Irrigation by Pandey et al.,

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44 C. Crop growth pattern over time, Harvest index, LAI and other detailed crop info Maize None Millet From Millet response to water and soil fertility management in the Sahelian Niger : experiments and modeling by Akponikpe (PhD-thesis),

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55 From Millet growth in wind-break-shielded fields in the Sahel - Experiment and model, by Mayus (Ph.D.-thesis) 55

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62 From On-farm yield and water use response of pearl millet to different management practices in Niger, by Manyame (Ph.D.-thesis),

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70 From Optimizing Crop Water Use in Sparse Stands of Pearl Millet by Payne,

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72 From Effect of the timing of water deficit on growth, phenology and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown in Sahelian conditions, by Winkel et al., 1997 Complete crop emergence occurred on 15 February and plants were thinned to a population of 3 plants m~2 at 15 DAE -> so, results per plant to be multiplied with to get outcomes per ha and to be multiplied with 30 to translate g/plant to kg/ha Water regimes consisted of four treatments, a control irrigated throughout the study, and three stress treatments in which irrigation was withheld prior to flowering (from DAE, treatment S30), during early flowering (45-60 DAE, treatment S45) and late flowering (60-75 DAE, treatment S60). Irrigation was applied by microsprinklers at a spacing of 1 x 1 m. Water applications were the same for all treatments except during the deficit periods. The control regime approximately simulated the natural rainfall regime of the region of Tanout, with a gradual increase of irrigation frequency and amount until flowering, and a tapering off towards the end of the season (Fig. 1). 72

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74 Sorghum None 74