Nova SKP. Priložnosti v gorah

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1 Nova SKP Priložnosti v gorah

2 Nova SKP Priložnosti Mountains of v gorah Opportunities Nova The new SKP: CAP: kaj se what je spremenilo?... has changed? 2 What Kaj is je new? novega? Coordination Koordinacija with z drugimi other European evropskimi policies... politikami Prvi 1 st Pillar: steber: Direct neposredna Payments plačila Compulsory Obvezne sheme... schemes 5 Basic Osnovno Payment plačilo Green Zeleno Payment plačilo Young Shema Farmers za mlade Scheme kmete Voluntary Prostovoljne Schemes sheme Areas Območja of Natural z naravnimi Constraints omejitvami Coupled Vezane Support podpore Redistributive Prerazporeditvena payment plačila Small Poenostavljena Farmers simplified shema scheme za male... kmete... 8 Organizacija Common Market skupnega Organisation trga... 8 Market Mehanizmi management upravljanja mechanisms trga... 9 Producer Sodelovanje cooperation med...10 proizvajalci Drugi nd Pillar: steber: Rural politika Development razvoja Policy podeželja Ta This ukrep information za obveščanje measure je has finančno been funded podprla with Evropska support komisija. from the European Za vsebino te publikacije Commission. izključno The contents odgovarja of this združenje publication Euromontana are the sole responsibility in v nobenem of delu ni izraz Euromontana mnenja Evropske and can in unije. no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Edition: Euromontana Author: Marta de la Cera (Euromontana) More information on www. newcapmountain.eu Sodelovanje, Cooperation, risk upravljanje management, tveganja, producer skupine groups, proizvajalcev, promotion, technical promocija, advice, tehnično enhanced svetovanje, support povečana for innovation podpora and knowledge za spodbujanje fostering, inovacij participation in znanja, sodelovanje in quality schemes, v shemah investments za kakovost, the vlaganja tools seznam is long. It orodij is up to je mountain dolg. Akterji rural na actors gorskem to make podeželju the most morajo out of these kar najbolje opportunities! izkoristiti te list of priložnosti! 2

3 Nova SKP: kaj se je spremenilo? Nova The new Skupna Common kmetijska Agricultural politika (SKP) Policy je (CAP) bila sprejeta was agreed 2013 in po 2013 treh after letih intenzivnih three years prizadevanj of intense efforts oblikovanja to design in and pogajanj negotiate o an popolnoma entire review novem of the pogledu whole na policy. celotno Its implementation politiko. Izvajanje will politike start from se bo January začelo z 2015 januarjem and remain 2015 in force bo veljavno until do This Ta brošura brochure predstavlja presents glavne the main elemente elements nove of the SKP, new ki jo CAP, bodo which države Member članice States prilagodile will tailor glede according na lastne to nacionalne their own prednostne priorities. naloge. Kaj je novega? Nova The new SKP CAP želi aims izvedljivo to ensure proizvodnjo a viable hrane, food uravnoteženi production, a prostorski balanced razvoj territorial ter development trajnostno upravljanje and the sustainable z naravnimi management viri, s of posebnim natural poudarkom resources, with na vlogi a special kmetijstva role of agriculture pri aktivnostih on climate vezanih action. na podnebje. Da To achieve bi dosegli these te dolgoročne long-term goals, cilje, se the reforma focuses posveča on predvsem the sustainability trajnostnemu and competitiveness vidiku in konkurenčnosti of the agricultural kmetijske sector dejavnosti by improving z izboljšanjem the ciljne targeting usmerjenosti and efficiency ter učinkovitosti of policy instruments. instrumentov znotraj politike. Cilji nove SKP Izvedljva proizvodnja hrane Koncept»aktivnega kmeta«je bistveni novi element, ki zagotavlja The concept of active farmer is an essential new element that ensures boljšo ciljno naravnanost SKP. Neposredna plačila bodo odobrena samo a better targeting of the CAP. Direct payments will only be granted to osebam, ki izvajajo minimalno kmetijsko dejavnost glede na definicijo vsake persons države who članice. carry out To izključuje the minimum vse druge agricultural lastnike activity zemljišč defined iz prejema by neposrednih each Member plačil, State. ki This aktivno excludes ne izvajajo any other kmetijske land-owners dejavnosti. not actively involved in farming from receiving direct payments. Uravnotežen prostorski razvoj Trajnostno upravljanje z naravnimi viri in aktivnosti za podnebje Prav Also for tako the SKP first sedaj time, prvič the predvideva CAP aims to plačilo reward kmetom farmers za for»javne the public dobrine«goods oziroma or services za storitve, they provide ki jih zagotavljajo to the whole za celotno society: maintaining družbo: ohranjanje landscapes krajine and in biodiversity, biotske raznovrstnosti, contributing to prispevek climate change k blaženju mitigation, podnebnih and sprememb providing food in k zagotavljanju security. This dimension prehranske is varnosti. integrated Ta razsežnost in the new je green vključena direct v novo payment zeleno together komponento with the neposrednih mandatory plačil cross vključno compliance z obvezno and a broad navzkrižno range skladnostjo of rural development ter širokim spektrom measures ukrepov promoting za razvoj water podeželja, and energy ki spodbujajo efficient učinkovito enhanced rabo voda environmental in energije ter commitments. razširjene okoljske zahteve. use, and Cilj The iz objective preteklih of reform, past reforms ki želi to okrepiti enhance tržno the usmerjenost market orientation kmetijstva of EU EU, agriculture se nadaljuje is continued s pomočjo by političnih adapting instrumentov, instruments ki še nadalje to further spodbujajo encourage kmete, farmers da to svoje base their odločitve production o proizvodnji decisions sprejemajo on market signals. osnovi Competitiveness znakov na trgu. is the policy Konkurenčnost addressed from several obravnava complementary več med sabo perspectives: dopolnjujočih se perspektiv: Strengthening Krepitev ukrepov, of measures ki podpirajo supporting inovacije, innovation, prenos znanja, knowledge promocijo transfer, in vlaganja promotion v izboljšanje and investments kakovosti to enhance učinkovitosti. quality and efficiency. An extended Farm Advisory System providing training and technical advice on new areas such as the Razširjeni kmetijsko-svetovalni sistem zagotavlja izobraževanje in tehnično svetovanje o novih področjih green direct payments, the Water Framework and Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directives, or certain rural kot so zelena komponenta neposrednih plačil, okvirna direktiva o vodah in direktiva o trajnostni rabi development measures. pesticidov ali o določenih ukrepih razvoja podeželja. A new European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability (EIP). Novo evropsko partnerstvo za inovacije za kmetijsko proizvodnjo in trajnost (EIP). Reinforcement of the legal framework to extend the competences of producer organisations, together with complementary Okrepitev pravnega measures okvirja supporting za širitev cooperation. pristojnosti organizacij proizvajalcev, vključno s spremljajočimi ukrepi, ki podpirajo sodelovanje. New risk management tools and emergency measures, including a Crisis Reserve. Nova orodja za upravljanje tveganja in ukrepi ob izrednih razmerah, vključno s krizno rezervo. 3

4 Nova SKP Priložnosti Mountains of v gorah Opportunities Nova The new SKP CAP ohranja maintains klasično the classic strukturo structure dveh stebrov: with two neposredna pillars: Direct plačila Payments in politiko and razvoja Rural Development podeželja, in policy, dodaja in novo addition organizacijo a new Common skupnega Market trga Organisation ter horizontalno and to zakonodajo. horizontal legislation. Prvi steber Neposredna plačila OBVEZNO vse države članice Drugi steber Razvoj podeželja 25 ukrepov: Vendar However, imajo Member države članice States večjo have izbiro more in fleksibilnost choices and flexibility kot kdajkoli than prej. ever Tako before. prvi kot Both drugi the first steber and the lahko second v pomembnem pillar can be obsegu substantially prilagodijo adapted specifičnih to meet nacionalnim the specific in national regionalnim and regional prednostnim priorities. In nalogam. addition Dodatno k izboru prostovoljnih ukrepov, to the choice of voluntary measures, lahko države članice prenašajo do 15% Member States can transfer up to 15% of the nacionalega proračuna za SKP med obema national CAP budget between pillars. stebroma. - Shema osnovnih plačil / Shema enotnega plačila na površino - Zeleno plačilo PROSTOVOLJNO ZA DČ Inovacije Konkurenčnost Organiazacija prehrambne verige Sodelovanje Upravljanje tveganja Kmetijstvo-okolje-podnebje Gozdarstvo Nekmetijske dejavnosti Osnovne storitve... - Shema za mlade kmete - Prerazporeditvena plačila - Vezana podpora - Podpora za naravne omejitve - Shema za male kmete This means that the CAP becomes a more To pomeni, da SKP postaja bolj prikrojena politika, tailored ki policy, omogoča allowing precej razlikovanja for considerable med regijami differences in državami between članicami. regions and Da bi Member zmanjšali States. neskladja In order to med reduce državami disparities članicami between in & horizontalna zakonodaja Organiazacija skupnega trga regijami, Member States zagotavljajo and regions, zunanji the in external notranji konvergenčni and internal convergence mehanizmi mechanisms minimalno Ukinitev proizvodnih omejitev (npr. mlečnih kvot) nacionalno guarantee a povprečno minimal national neposredno average plačilo direct Izboljšano upravljanje trga payment per hectare across all the European Nove pristojnosti za organizacije proizvajalcev na hektar po celotni Evropski uniji ter bolj Kmetijsko-svetovalni sistem pravična Union, and in usklajena fairer and plačila more na nacionalni converging regionalni payments at ravni. national and regional level. Skupni cilji in medsebojne povezave med obema stebroma bodo okrepljene. Stebra bosta med sabo usklajena tudi pri The finančnih common zadevah, objectives z možnimi and interactions prenosi proračunov between the med two njima pillars ter are za being preprečevanje strengthened. dvojnega The two izplačevanja pillars will financiranj. interact in financial terms, with possible budget transfers between both and rules to prevent also double-funding. 1. STEBER Ciljne aktivnosti za oba stebra 2. STEBER Zelena plačila Doplačila OKOLJE MLADI KMETI Kmetijstvo-okolje-podnebje ekološko, Natura 2000 Subvencije za poslovni razvoj Višje investicijske pomoči Doplačila OBMOČJA Z NARAVNIMI OMEJITVAMI Plačila na površino Alternativna poenostavljena shema Izboljšan pravni okvir MALI KMETI SODELOVANJE MED PROIZVAJALCI Subvencije za razvoj poslovanja Pomoči pri ustanovitvi skupin proizvajalcev Sodelovanje in kratka dobavna veriga 4

5 Koordinacija z drugimi evropskimi politikami Furthermore, Nadalje bo politika Rural Development razvoja podeželja policy tesneje will also sodelovala operate z in vsemi closer Evropskimi co-ordination strukturnimi with for all in European investicijskimi Structural skladi and preko Investment Skupnega (ESI) strateškega funds through okvirja an EU-level na ravni Common EU. Ta koordinacija Strategic Framework. bo izboljšala This komplementarnost coordination will improve različnih complementarity programov in bo of vzpostavila the different jasno programmes povezavo and s Strategijo establish Evropa a clear link with V ta the namen Europe bodo 2020 države Strategy. članice To this morale end Member pripraviti States Partnerske will have dogovore, to prepare ki jim Partnership bodo sledili Agreements, ustrezni programi followed zasnovani by the corresponding na skupnih prednostnih programmes, nalogah based on in common ciljih določenih priorities do and leta targets set for EVROPSKI STRUKTURNI IN INVESTICIJSKI SKLADI Evropski kmetijski sklad za razvoj podeželja (EKSRP) Evropski sklad za regionalni razvoj (ESRR) INTERREG IV C in drugi transnacionalni, čezmejni in medregionalni kooperacijski programi Evropski socialni sklad (ESS) Kohezijski sklad (KS) Evropski sklad za pomorstvo in ribištvo (ESPR) Prvi steber: neposredna plačila Member Države članice States bodo will have imele more več fleksibilnosti flexibility than kot ever kdajkoli to design prej pri their svoji direct strukturi payments neposrednih structure. plačil. There Na are voljo multiple je več options možnosti, to tailor ki omogočajo support to podporo priorities, prednostnim not only with nalogam, regard to schemes ne samo but v zvezi also in s terms shemami of budget ampak allocated tudi v to zvezi each s scheme. proračunom, ki je dodeljen vsaki shemi. The Novi new prvi first steber Pillar je sestavljen is composed iz obveznega of a compulsory dela shem set of in schemes številnimi and prostovoljnimi a number of voluntary oz. alternativnimi or alternative izbirami. choices. Nova neposredna plačila Obvezne sheme: Izvedene v vseh državah članicah Osnovna neposredna plačila (splošni primer) ali Shema enotnih plačil 1 Zelena plačila (obvezno za vse kmete) Sheme za mlade kmete (na voljo za vse upravičene kmete) Prostovoljne sheme: Opcije na voljo za vse države članice Prerazporeditvena plačila Območja za naravnimi omejitvami Vezana podpora Alternativne sheme : Shema za male kmete (opcija) Nadomešča vsa ostala plačila Neposredna plačila znotraj nove SKP bodo odobrena na osnovi dveh glavnih opcij: Nova splošna shema za neposredna plačila, zasnovana na osnovi treh obveznih elementov (osnovna, zelena plačila in plačila za mlade kmete) in treh opcijskih shem. Kot alternativo se lahko država članica odloči in ponudi poenostavljeno shemo za male kmete za tiste, ki se prostovoljno odločijo za to možnost. 1 Samo za upravičene države članice: Bolgarija, Češka, Estonija, Ciper, Latvija, Litva, Madžarska, Romunija, Poljska in Slovaška. Izbirajo lahko med Shemo enotnih plačil ali Osnovnimi neposrednimi plačili. 5

6 Nova SKP Priložnosti Mountains of v Opportunities gorah Sheme obveznih neposrednih plačil Shema osnovnih plačil za vse aktivne kmete + Zelena plačila Obvezne kmetijske prakse: ohranjanje trajnih travišč območja ekološkega pomena diverzifikacija Shema za mlade kmete kmetje do 40 let, ki začenjajo z dejavnostjo Obvezne sheme Osnovno plačilo The Osnovno Basic Payment plačilo je is the predpogoj precondition za ugodnosti for benefiting iz vseh from ostalih the shem other in schemes je predmet and it navzkrižne is subject to skladnosti. cross compliance. Seznam The pogojev list of je requirements bil poenostavljen has been in Okvirna simplified vodna and direktive the Water Direktiva Framework o trajnostni and the rabi Sustainable pesticidov Use bosta of Pesticides vključeni v Directives sistem navzkrižne will be incorporated skladnosti. into the cross-compliance system. Member Države članice, States currently ki trenutno applying upravljajo the simplified poenostavljeno Single Shemo Area Payment enotnega Scheme plačila na (Bulgaria, površino Czech (Bolgarija, Republic, Češka Estonia, republika, Estonija, Latvia, Ciper, Lithuania, Latvija, Hungary, Litva, Madžarska, Romania, Poland, Romunija, and Poljska Slovakia) in Slovaška) may choose lahko to do continue leta 2020 applying nadaljujejo this z option izvajan- Cyprus, instead jem te of opcije the Basic namesto Payment z Osnovnimi until plačili. In addition, Dodatno these se lahko member te države states odločijo may decide za odobritev to grant prehodnih transitional nacionalnih national pomoči. aid. Zeleno plačilo On Dodatno top of the k osnovnemu basic payment, plačilu the bo green neposredno direct payment zeleno plačilo will be odobreno granted to vsem all the kmetom, farmers ki bodo who in v zameno exchange za must plačilo respect morali three upoštevati compulsory tri obvezne agricultural kmetijske practices prakse (or (ali equivalent enakovredne practices prakse, defined ki jih definirajo by the Member države članice): State): Diverzifikacija Crop diversification pridelkov on arable na obdelovalnih land površinah. Farms o Kmetijska between gospodarstva, ha of arable ki imajo land med must 10 grow in 30 at ha least obdelovalnih 2 different površin crops, with morajo the gojiti main vsaj one dva not različna covering more pridelka, than 75% kjer of glavni that land. pridelek ne pokriva več kot 75% teh površin. Farms o Gospodarstva over 30 ha of arable z več kot land 30 must ha obdelovalnih grow at least površin 3 different morajo crops, gojiti with vsaj the tri main različne one not pridelke, covering kjer more glavni than 75% pridelek of that land ne sme and pokrivati the two main več kot crops 75% together površin not in kjer covering dva glavna more pridelka than 95% skupaj of that ne land. pokrivata več kot 95% te pridelovalne površine. Farms with a significant part covered by fallow land, grassland, crops under water; specialised farms, and farms above o Kmetijska the 62 nd parallel gospodarstva are exempted. z bistvenim deležem površin v prahi, travinjem, pridelki pod vodo; specializirane kmetije; ter kmetije nad 62. vzporednikom so iz tega izvzete. Maintenance of the existing permanent grassland Ohranjanje obstoječih trajnih travišč It is compulsory to maintain at least 95% of the permanent grassland calculated at national or regional level. o Obvezno moramo ohraniti vsaj 95% trajnih travišč, ki so izračunana na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni. Ploughing or conversion of environmentally sensitive permanent grassland is not allowed in Natura 2000 areas and other o Oranje areas ali designated sprememba by okoljsko each Member občutljivih State. stalnih travišč nista dovoljeni na območjih Natura 2000 in na drugih območjih, ki jih določi država članica. 6

7 Območja ekološkega pomena na obdelovalnih površinah o Države članice se lahko na osnovi sledečega seznama odločijo, katera območja bodo upoštevana kot območja ekološkega pomena: - zemljišča v prah - terase - krajinske značilnosti - robna območja - kmetijsko-gozdni sistemi - pogozdena območja - Območja s kulturami, ki vežejo kisik - Pasovi primernih kmetijskih površin ob robovih gozdov - Območja s kratkim kolobarjem brez uporabe mineralnih gnojil in/ali proizvodov za zaščito posevkov - Območja z vmesnim kolobarjem ali pozelenitvijo, ki so nastala s presaditvijo ali vznikom semen o Pri več kot 15 ha obdelovalnih površin mora ekološki poudarek obsegati najmanj 5% obdelovalnih površin, od leta 2018 najmanj 7%. o Izvzeta so kmetijska gospodarstva, ki imajo bistveni delež zemljišč v prahi, travinju ali imajo pridelke pod vodo. Organic Ekološko farming kmetovanje is considered se upošteva, to comply da že by po its svoji own naravi nature dela with zadostuje the greening»zelenim«requirements zahtevam and in zato therefore bodo organic ekološke farmers kmetije will neposredno be immediately upravičene entitled za prejem to receive zelenega the green plačila. payment. Shema The ekoloških Green Payment plačil bo scheme obsegala amounts do 30% nacionalne to 30% of the ovojnice national za direct neposredna payments plačila. budget. Shema za mlade kmete The Sedaj support je prvič, to da young je podpora farmers za is mlade shared kmete for the razdeljena first time med between politiko the razvoja Rural Development podeželja in Policy prvim stebrom. and the first Shema pillar. The za mlade Young kmete Farmers dodeluje Scheme neposredna grants direct plačila payments za kmete to farmers do 40 leta up to starosti, 40 years ki 2 prvič of age prevzemajo setting up dejavnost. for the first To time. This plačilo payment je možno can dopolniti still be complemented z pomočjo ob by zagonu a start-up v okviru aid under drugega the stebra. second pillar. Prostovoljne sheme Dodatno k tem trem obveznim shemam se lahko države članice odločijo za uporabo ene ali več prostovoljnih shem: In addition to these three compulsory schemes, Member States can choose to apply one or more of the voluntary območja z naravnimi omejitvami, prostovoljne sheme vezane podpore in prerazporeditvena plačila. schemes: Areas of Natural Constraints, Voluntary Coupled Support and Redistributive Payment. Izbirne sheme neposrednih plač Podpora naravnim omejitvam Vezana podpora Prerazporeditvena plačila do 50% nacionalne zgornje meje gorska obmoja in druga obmoja z enakimi naravnimi omejitvami, ki jih denira vsaka drava lanica sama. do 10% ali do 15% nacionalne zgornje meje samo za obutljive posevke s posebnim socialnim, gospodarskim ali okoljskim pomenom. do 30% nacionalne zgornje meje naj 65% povprenih neposrednih plail pokriva do prvih 30 ha ali do povprene nacionalne velikos Območja z naravnimi omejitvami Member Države članice States may se lahko choose odločijo, to grant da an dodelijo additional dodatna payment plačila for za areas območja with natural z naravnimi constraints omejitvami (ANC) such kot so as gorska mountain območja, definirana v skladu s pravili za razvoj podeželja. Ta sredstva so dodeljena kot enotno letno plačilo na areas, as defined under the Rural Development rules. These direct payment would be allocated as a flat annual hektar, čeprav se lahko države članice tudi odločijo, da lahko na omejijo najvišje število hektarjev na gospodarstvo, za katerega se lahko ta plačila odobrijo. payment per hectare, although Member States may decide to set a maximum number of hectares per holding for which this payment can be granted. Shema za območja z naravnimi omejitvami lahko znaša do 5% nacionalne ovojnice pri prvem stebru. Ta shema ni The obvezna Areas in of ne Natural vpliva Constraints na možnosti Payment pri območjih scheme z may naravnimi amount omejitvami, up to 5% of the ki so national voljo budget v okviru for razvoja the first pillar. This podeželja. scheme is optional and does not affect the ANC options available under Rural Development. 2 V letu prvega zaprosila starost ne sme biti višja od 40 let. 7

8 Nova SKP Priložnosti Mountains of v gorah Opportunities Vezane podpore In Da order bi zagotovili secure prihodnost the future potencialno of potentially ogroženih vulnerable pridelkov, crops, Member imajo države States članice have the možnost, option da of zagotovijo providing limited amounts določena of sredstva «coupled» za plačila payments»vezana«linked na to določene specific products. proizvode. Mejne vrednosti za vezane podpore Splošno pravilo: Če je trenutna stopnja vezane podpore višja od 5%: Stročnice: do 8% nacionalne ovojnice do 13% če ima nacionalna ovojnica višje stopnje, kjer je to utemeljeno dodatna 2% nacionalne ovojnice Support To podporo can be lahko applied prejmejo only samo to sectors sektorji regions ali regije, where kjer se specific izvaja types specifična of farming kmetijska or sectors dejavnost undergo ali so difficulties sektorji v težavah ter important so pomembni for economic, zaradi gospodarskih, social or environmental socialnih in reasons. okoljskih Coupled razlogov. support Vezane aims podpore only to želijo maintain samo current ohraniti and are levels trenutno of production stanje proizvodnje in the sectors na imenovanih or regions področjih concerned, ali and v regijah in no case in v nobenem to increase primeru it. ne želijo deleže povečati. Member Države članice States se can lahko decide odločijo to apply za uporabo this payment teh plačil at any v year katerem between koli letu 2014 med and in Sektorji in proizvodnje, ki lahko prejmejo vezana plačila Žita Milk and milk products Olive oil Sugar beet Hops Sladkorna pesa Hmelj Riž Oilseeds Mleko Sheep in mlečni meat izdelki Fruit Olivno and olje vegetables Škrobni Starch krompir potato Lan Flax Oljnice Ovčje meso Protein crops Goat meat Sadje in Stročnice Nuts zelenjava Trs Cane Hemp Konoplja Kozje meso Oreščki Cikorija Sviloprejke Zrnate Grain legumes stročnice Govedina Beef and in teletina veal Chicory Silkworms Hitro rastoči drevesni nasadi Suha krma Semena Seeds Short rotation coppice Dried fodder Prerazporeditvena plačila Member Prav tako States imajo also države have članice the option opcijo, to da apply izvedejo a redistributive prerazporeditvena payment plačila linked vezana to the first na prvih 30 hectares 30 hektarjev of the farms kmetijskih or the gospodarstev national average ali do size povprečja of agricultural velikosti holdings. kmetij v državi. This scheme Ta shema provides zagotavlja more bolj targeted ciljno usmerjeno support to podporo small and za medium-sized male in srednje-velike farms and kmetije; Member države States can članice decide se lahko to apply odločijo it at any za ta year. ukrep v katerem koli letu. Prerazporeditveno plačilo lahko doseže največ 65% nacionalnega ali regionalnega povprečnega plačila na hektar in The redistributive payment can amount up to a maximum of 65% of the national or regional average payment per 30% nacionalnega proračuna za neposredna plačila. To plačilo je lahko tudi klasificirano glede na število hektarjev. hectare, and 30% of the national budget for direct payments. The payment may be also graduated according to the number of hectares. Poenostavljena shema za male kmete The Država Small članica Farmers ima scheme na izbiro is tudi optional Shemo for za Member male kmete, States. ki se Farmers ji pridružijo voluntarily prostovoljno. participating Kmetje in prejmejo this scheme fiksno receive letno an plačilo, annual ki payment ga določi fixed država by članica the Member in znaša State med of 500,- between in 1.250,- 500 and, neodvisno 1 250, regardless od velikosti of the kmetije. farm size. Plačilo The za Small male Farmers kmete nadomešča payment replaces vsa neposredna all the direct plačila payments iz drugih from shem. the other schemes. Participants Kmetije, ki bodo in the vključene Small Farmers v plačila payment za male will kmete, face bodo less stringent imele manj cross-compliance stroge zahteve za requirements, navzkrižno skladnost and will be ter exempted bodo izvzete from iz zelenega greening. programa. This payment Prav offers tako to also plačilo a simplification ponuja poenostavitev of administrative administrativnega procedures, postopka, for example na with primer pre-filled z vnaprej applications, izpolnjenimi and prijavnicami less yearly checks in manj on letnimi eligibility. kontrolami o upravičenosti. 8

9 Organizacija skupnega trga Dopolnitve pravil Skupne ureditve enotnega trga želijo povečati tržno usmerjenost evropskega kmetijstva in The amendments to the Single Common Market Organisation (CMO) rules aim to increase the market orientation of hkrati zagotoviti učinkovito varnostno mrežo za kmete v kontekstu intenzivne konkurence na svetovnih trgih. European agriculture while providing an effective safety net for farmers, in a context of intensified competition on world Novi elementi markets. Skupne ureditve enotnega trga so razdeljeni na dve kategoriji: The new elements Spremembe on the mehanizmov CMO fall into za two upravljanje categories: trga, vključno z revizijo shem pomoči in ukinitvijo proizvodnih omejitev za sladkor, mleko in mlečne izdelke ter proizvodnjo vina. Za obvladovanje nenadnih kriz so Changes predvideni in market krizna management rezerva in izredni mechanisms, ukrepi. including the revision of aid schemes and the removal of production constraints for sugar, dairy and the wine sector. A Crisis Reserve and emergency measures are also foreseen Krepitev to tackle organizacij sudden proizvajalcev crises. z novimi kompetencami, ki jih še dodatno podpirajo sredstva iz področja razvoja podeželja. Strengthening of Producer Organisations, with new competences backed by Rural Development funding. Mehanizmi upravljanja trga Reforma predvideva ukinitev obstoječih proizvodnih omejitev: mlečne kvote se bodo iztekle leta 2015, sistem The pravic reform za zasaditev foresees the vinske end trte of the je reformiran existing production ter sistem kvot restrictions: za sladkor milk se quotas zaključi will leta expire in 2015, the regime of vine planting rights is reformed and the sugar quota regime will end in Ukinitev proizvodnih omejitev Mlečne kvote 1 april 2015 Pravice za zasaditev trte 31 december 2015 Sistem kvot za sladkor 31 september 2017 The Nova new Skupna CMO ureditev incorporates enotnega the reforms trga vključuje already reforme, introduced ki so by jih the že Milk uvedli Package znotraj of»mlečnega 2012 regarding paketa«compulsory 2012 in je contracts obravnaval for obvezne milk delivery, pogodbe the collective za dobavo negotiations mleka, kolektivna by recognised pogajanja producer priznanih organisations organizacij proizvajalcev and their associations, in njihovih and združenj the scope ter je of sledil inter branch namenu medpanožnih organisations: organizacij: Compulsory contracts: the CMO allows Member States to decide whether delivery of raw milk must Obvezne pogodbe: Skupna ureditev notranjega trga omogoča državam članicam, da se odločijo, če mora compulsorily covered by a written contract or a written offer, and the rules regarding these contracts or offers. dobava surovega mleka biti dogovorjena s pomočjo pisne pogodbe ali pisne ponudbe in da dogovorijo Collective pravila, ki negotiations: določajo te pogodbe Producer oziroma Organisations ponudbe. are allowed to collectively negotiate contracts for the delivery of raw milk provided the volume of raw milk does not exceed 3,5% of the total Union production, or 33 Kolektivna % of the total pogajanja: national Organizacije production. proizvajalcev lahko kolektivno izpogajajo pogodbe za dobavo surovega mleka ob upoštevanju, da količina surovega mleka ne preseže 3,5% celotne proizvodnje v EU Inter-branch ali 33% celotne organisations nacionalne (IBOs) proizvodnje. are constituted of representatives of the dairy supply chain. IBOs are allowed to carry out a number of activities aimed to promote the development of the dairy supply chain, such as promoting Medpanožne innovation organizacije and consumption, so sestavljene exploring iz predstavnikov export markets dobavne or verige drawing za mlekarstvo. standard forms Te organizacije of contract. lahko izvajajo celo vrsto aktivnosti, ki so usmerjene v promocijo razvoja mlekarske dobavne verige, kot je Regulation of cheese supply (only for protected origin or geographical indications): producer organisations promocija inovacij in potrošnje, raziskovanje izvoznih trgov ali priprava standardnih oblik pogodb. and inter branch organisations can request their Member State to allow for a temporary regulation of supply under Določila certain za conditions. dobavo sira (samo za zaščiteno poreklo ali geografsko oznako): organizacije proizvajalcev in med-branžne organizacije lahko pri državi članici zaprosijo za začasno ureditev dobave pod določenimi On wine production, pogoji. a system of authorisations is introduced for new vine planting from Member States will make available each year untransferable authorisations free of charge for new plantings, with growth limited to 1% of Pri the proizvodnji total area vina planted je uveden with vines nov per sistem year. dovoljenj za nove zasaditve vinske trte od leta 2016 naprej. Države članice bodo vsako leto dale na voljo brezplačna neprenosljiva dovoljenja za nove zasaditve, kjer bo rast omejena na 1% The celotne existing površine systems zasejane of public z vinsko intervention trto vsako and leto. private storage aid are revised to be more responsive and more efficient, for example taking into account the production costs for the products concerned. Obstoječa sistema javnih intervencij in pomoči za zasebno skladiščenje bosta prenovljena, da bosta bolj odzivna in bolj učinkovita ter da bosta na primer upoštevala proizvodne stroške za proizvode, ki jih to zadeva. 9

10 Nova SKP Priložnosti Mountains of v gorah Opportunities Proizvodi upravičeni do javnih intervencij Proizvodi upravičeni za pomoči za zasebno skladiščene navadna pšenica pšenica durum ječmen koruza neoluščen riž goveje in telečje meso maslo prah posnetega mleka beli sladkor olivno olje laneno vlakno goveje meso (od živali starih 8 mescev in več) maslo sir prah posnetega mleka svinjsko meso ovčje in kozje meso Shema za šolsko sadje in shema za šolsko mleko bosta razširjeni. Letni proračun za shemo za šolsko sadje se je The School Fruit Scheme and the School milk scheme will be extended. The annual budget for the School Fruit bistveno povečal, od 90 na 150 milijonov evrov letno. scheme is considerably increased, from 90 to 150 million euros per year. Nadalje so uvedene nove zaščitne klavzule za vse sektorje, ki bodo Komisiji omogočile, da izvede izredne ukrepe kot Moreover, odziv na new splošne safeguard tržne motnje, clauses are na primer introduced pri nenadno for all sectors široko razširjenim to enable upadom the Commission v potrošnji to za take proizvod, emergency kar je posledica measures izbruha to respond bolezni. to general Vzpostavljena market disturbances, je bila nova krizna for example rezerva the v sudden višini 400 widespread milijonov evrov drop in letno, consumption katere namen of a je product financiranje following teh a izrednih disease outbreak. ukrepov preko A new zmanjšanj Crisis Reserve na ravni of 400 neposrednih million euros plačil. per Sredstva, year is established ki v enem to letu fund niso these bila uporabljena emergency measures za krizne through ukrepe, bodo deductions kmetje from prejeli direct nazaj payments. v naslednjem Funds letu. not used for crisis measures will be returned to farmers in the following year. Prav tako so ukinjene številne manjše ali neuporabljene sheme (kot je pomoč za uporabo posnetega mleka v živalski krmi) Finally, z namenom, a number of da minor se zadeve or unused poenostavijo schemes in poudari (such as usmerjenost the aid for na the trg. use of skimmed milk in animal feed) are abolished for purposes of simplification and market orientation. Sodelovanje med proizvajalci Na Based osnovi on the izkušenj experience iz mlečnih, of sectors sadnih such ali zelenjavnih as milk, or sektorjev fruit and se vegetables, sedaj razširijo Producer organizacije Organisations proizvajalcev, (POs), njihova their združenja ter medpanožne organizacije, da bi pokrivale vse dejavnosti ter bi imele več pristojnosti: associations and Inter Branch Organisations (IBOs) are extended to cover now all sectors, with increased competences: Collective Kolektivna bargaining: pogajanja: In addition dodatno to k milk mleku and in mlečnim milk products, izdelkom Producer smejo organizacije Organisations proizvajalcev are now allowed sedaj to collectively kolektivno negotiate izpogajati contracts pogodbe for the za dobavo supply of olivnega olive oil, olja, beef, govedine, cereals and žita other in drugih arable poljščin crops provided pod the collective pogojem, negotiation da kolektivna covers no pogajanja more than ne 15 pokrivajo % of the več national kot 15% production. nacionalne proizvodnje. Delivery Pogodbe contracts: o dobavi: POs, their organizacije associations, proizvajalcev, and IBOs can njihova establish združenja delivery in medpanožne contracts in all organizacije sectors. lahko Temporary sklenejo collective pogodbe measures: o dobavi na In case ravni of vseh severe dejavnosti. imbalance in the market, the Commission may authorise POs or IBOs to take certain temporary collective measures, such as market withdrawal or storage by private operators, to stabilise Začasni the zbirni sector ukrepi: concerned. v primeru resnega neravnovesja na trgu lahko Komisija pooblasti organizacije proizvajalcev, medpanožne organizacije, da izvedejo določene začasne skupne ukrepe, kot so umik s trga Besides, POs ali shranjevanje can carry out pri a number zasebnih of upravljavcih; other functions namen for their je stabilizirati members dejavnost, regarding production ki jo ukrepi planning, zadevajo. marketing, research and innovation, resources and waste management, or technical assistance. The second pillar offers multiple Poleg funding tega options organizacije for producer proizvajalcev organisations izvajajo and številne cooperation. druge funkcije za svoje člane, kar zadeva načrtovanje proizvodnje, trženje, raziskave in razvoj, upravljanje z viri in odpadki ali tehnično podporo. Drugi steber ponuja več možnosti za financiranje za organizacije proizvajalcev in sodelovanja. Drugi steber: politika razvoja podeželja The general structure of the new Rural Development policy remains the same. Member States define their own multi-annual programmes according to the needs of their own rural areas, around six broad priorities: Splošna struktura nove politike razvoja podeželja ostaja enaka. Države članice definirajo svoje večletne programe v skladu At least s potrebami 30 % of the za national njihovo podeželje rural development ter jih združijo budget v okviru must šestih be spent širših on prednostnih greening (agri-environment-climate nalog: measures, environment and climate investments, forestry measures, organic farming and Natura2000), and at least Najmanj 30% nacionalnega proračuna za razvoj podeželja mora biti uporabljenega za»greening«(kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi za podnebje, vlaganja v okolje in podnebje, gozdarski ukrepi, ekološko kmetovanje in Natura 5 % on the LEADER approach. 2000) ter najmanj 5% mora biti porabljenega pri LEADER-pristopu. 10

11 Prednostne naloge za razvoj podeželja Promocija učinkovitosti virov in prehod na nizkoogljično gospodarstvo Spodbujanje prenosa znanja in inovacije Obnavljanje, ohranjanje ter krepitev ekosistemov Krepitev konkurenčnosti vseh vrst kmetijstva ter trajnostno upravljanje z gozdovi Spodbujanje socialne vključenosti, zmanjšanje revščie ter gospodarski razvoj podeželja Promocija organizacije prehrambne verige, vključno s procesi in trženjem ter upravljanjem tveganja Celoten»nabor«ukrepov, iz katerih države članice oblikujejo svoje programe za razvoj podeželja, lahko povzamemo s The sledečimi menu ključnimi of measures temami: from which Member States design their Rural Development Programmes can be assembled around the following key themes: Inovacije in znanje: okrepljena podpora za obe področji s pomočjo ukrepov kot so»prenos znanja«,»sodelovanje«in Innovation»vlaganja and v knowledge: fizične dobrine«. Strengthened Bolj natančno support bo novo to Evropsko both areas partnerstvo through measures za inovacije such v kmetijski as knowledge produktivnosti transfer, cooperation in trajnost and investments spodbujajo učinkovito physical rabo assets. virov, More produktivnost specifically, in razvoj the new kmetijstva European ter gozdarstva Innovation v smeri Partnership nizkih emisij for Agricultural ter odpornosti Productivity proti podnebnim and Sustainability vplivom. Partnerstvo (EIP) will bo promote prav tako resource okrepilo efficiency, sodelovanje productivity med kmetijstvom and in the lowemission raziskavami, and climate-resilient da bi spodbudili development prenos tehnologij of agriculture na kmetijska and forestry. gospodarstva. EIP will Prav also tako increase so okrepljene cooperation kmetijske between agriculture svetovalne and research službe in ter order povezane to accelerate s podnebnimi technological spremembami transfer in okoljskimi to farmers. izzivi, Farm gospodarskim Advisory razvojem Services in are also strengthened izobraževanjem. and linked to climate change and environmental challenges, economic development and training. Kakovost in konkurenčnost: na voljo je širok spekter opcij za podporo pri sodelovanju v shemah za kakovost, Quality and competitiveness: a wide range of options are available supporting participation in quality schemes, poslovni razvoj, investicije in prestrukturiranje kmetij. business development, investments and farm restructuring. Mladi kmeti so upravičeni do številnih ukrepov med drugim do zagonskih pomoči ob začetku poslovanja v višini do Young farmers are eligible for a number of measures including business start-up grants up to , general , splošnih investicij v osnovna sredstva, izobraževanje in svetovalne storitve. investments in physical assets, training and advisory services. Mali kmeti lahko koristijo pomoč za zagon kmetije v višini do na eno gospodarstvo. Small farmers can benefit from a business start-up aid up to per small farm. Spodbujanje sodelovanja ter organizacija prehrambne verige vključuje podporo za vzpostavljanje skupin Promoting proizvajalcev cooperation ali organizacij and food na osnovi chain poslovnega organisation načrta includes z omejitvijo, support da for lahko setting sodelujejo up producer samo poslovni groups subjekti or organisations definirani based kot SMP. on a Več business opcij je na plan voljo and za limited tehnološko, to entities okoljsko defined poslovno as SMEs. sodelovanje Increased kot so options pilotni are projekti, available for technological, skupna uporaba environmental objektov ali razvoj and commercial kratkih dobavnih cooperation, verig ter lokalnih such trgov. as pilot Prav projects, tako možno sharing sodelovanje of facilities med or development akterji iz of različnih short supply regij ali chains držav članic. and local markets. Cooperation among actors located in different regions or Member States is also possible. Instrumenti za obvladovanje tveganja: subvencije za zavarovanje in vzajemne sklade so razširjene in vključujejo Risk management možnost za stabilizacijo toolkit: the prihodka grants for v primeru insurance izpada, and ki mutual bi znašal funds več are kot extended 30% povprečnega to include letnega an income prihodka. stabilisation option for drops of income above 30% of average annual income. Gorska območja: za gorska območja in kmetijske površine višje od 62º N lahko pomoči znašajo do 450 /ha Mountain (povišano areas: iz for 250 /ha). mountain areas and farmland above 62º N, aid amounts can be up to 450 /ha (increased from 250 /ha). Podnebne spremembe in okolje:»zelena«dimenzija nove SKP vključuje več ukrepov kot so kmetijsko-okoljska Climate podnebna change and plačila environment: (zaveze, ki presegajo the greening obvezno dimension navzkrižno of skladnost the new ter CAP jih encompasses definira država several članica), measures ekološko such as the agri-environment-climate kmetovanje, Natura 2000 ter payments plačila znotraj (commitments Okvirne vodne going direktive beyond in the drugi mandatory ukrepi kot cross so pomoči compliance za investicije, and ki izboljšujejo učinkovito rabo energije ter vode. defined by Member States), organic Farming, Natura 2000 and Water Framework Directive payments, and other measures Gozdarstvo: such as grants na voljo for je investments več ukrepov improving pogozdovanje, the efficient kmetijsko-gozdarski use of energy sistemi, and water. odpornost in okoljska vrednost ter vlaganja v tehnologije, procese in trženje. Forestry: more measures are now available afforestation, agroforestry systems, resilience and environmental value, and Nekmetijske investments aktivnosti, in technologies, investicije processing ter storitve: and na marketing. voljo so pomoči za zagon in razvoj mikro- ter malih podjetij ter za osnovne storitve in obnovo vasi vključno z vlaganji v infrastrukturo kot so širokopasovne storitve in obnovljivi viri Non-agricultural energije. activities, investments and services: grants are available for start-up and development of micro and small businesses, and for basic services and village renewal including investments in infrastructure such as broadband LEADER: and renewable večja fleksibilnost energy. je na voljo za upravljanje z drugimi skladi na lokalnih območjih, kot so sodelovanje med podeželjem in mestom; LEADER bo namreč uporabljen kot skupni pristop za lokalni razvoj pod vodenjem skupnosti LEADER: preko More drugih flexibility Evropskih is given strukturnih for operating investicijskih with skladov. other funds Podpora in local za LEADER areas, lokalni such razvoj as rural-urban lahko obsega co-tudoperation,»leader as LEADER zagonski will set«be used za lokalne as the skupnosti, common ki approach niso izvajale for community led LEADER progama local development by other v finančnem European obdobju Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF).Support for LEADER local development may also include a LEADER start-up kit for local communities who did not implement LEADER in the programming period. 11

12 This project has been carried out in collaboration with: Euromontana is the European multisectoral association for co-operation and development of mountain territories. It embraces regional and national mountain organisations throughout greater Europe, including regional development agencies, local authorities, agriculture organisations, environmental agencies, forestry organisations and research institutes. Euromontana s mission is to promote living mountains, integrated and sustainable development and quality of life in mountain areas. Asociatia AGROM-RO (Romania) Univerza v Mariboru - Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Maribor Ente Regionale per i Servizi all Agricoltura e alle Foreste (Italy) Association pour le Développement Economique et Territorial Durable du Massif Central MACÉO (France) Istituto Politécnico de Bragança (Portugal) HAZI Fundazioa (Spain) Direction for Rural, Coastal and European Policies of the Basque Government (Spain)»Posvet financira Direktorat za kmetijstvo in razvoj podeželja Evropske komisije v okviru projekta»a new CAP Mountains of Opportunities«Cette action d information est financée avec le soutien de la Commission européenne. Več informacij: A new CAP: Mountains of opportunities NewCAPMountain

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