2011 Forage Reference Manual

Transcription

1 2011 Forage Reference Manual

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3 La Crosse Forage & Turf Seed Forage Product Informational CD Alfalfa Basic Alfalfa Description FSG 329 Alfalfa Flyer FSG 420 LH Alfalfa Flyer FSG 406 Alfalfa Flyer FSG 406 Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet FSG 528 SF Alfalfa Flyer FSG 408 DP Alfalfa Flyer FSG 408 DP Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet FSG 505 Alfalfa Flyer FSG 505 Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet Mariner III Alfalfa Flyer Mariner III Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet Withstand Alfalfa Flyer Withstand Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet FSG 229 CR Alfalfa Flyer WL 343 HQ Alfalfa WL 363 HQ Alfalfa WL 353 LH Alfalfa Premium Brand Alfalfa Flyer Premium Brand Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet Pro Brand Alfalfa Flyer Pro Brand Alfalfa Technical Data Sheet All-Vantage Seed Coating Flyer Alfalfa Product Line Brochure Alfalfa Agronomic Chart

4 Red Clovers Red Clover Basic Description FSG YR Red Clover Flyer FSG YR Red Clover Technical Data Sheet Duration 3 YR Red Clover Flyer Duration 3 YR Red Clover Technical Data Sheet E-688 Red Clover Flyer E-688 Red Clover Technical Data Sheet Marathon Red Clover Flyer Marathon Red Clover Technical Data Sheet Arlington Red Clover Flyer Arlington Red Clover Technical Data Sheet Mammoth Red Clover Flyer Medium Red Clover Flyer White Clovers Basic White Clover Description FSG Resolute White Clover Flyer FSG Pinnacle Ladino Clover Flyer FSG Pinnacle Ladino Clover Technical Data Sheet Trefoil Basic Trefoil Description FSG Pardee Birdsfoot Trefoil Flyer Norcen Birdsfoot Trefoil Flyer Sucraseed Pasture Mixes Bromegrass Basic Smooth Bromegrass Description FSG Peak Smooth Bromegrass Flyer Meadow Bromegrass Flyer Tall Fescue Basic Tall Fescue Description FSG Enhance Tall Fescue Flyer Meadow Fescue Flyer Ky-31 Tall Fescue Flyer Fawn Tall Fescue Flyer Orchardgrass Basic Orchardgrass Description FSG Extend Orchardgrass Flyer

5 Perennial Ryegrass Basic Perennial Ryegrass Description FSG Boost Perennial Ryegrass Flyer Festulolium Basic Festulolium Description FSG Gain Festulolium Kemal Festulolium Flyer Teff Summer Lovegrass Dessie Teff Flyer Annual Ryegrass Basic Annual Ryegrass Description FSG DH-3 Diploid Annual Ryegrass Flyer Tetila Italian Annual Ryegrass Flyer Reed Canarygrass Basic Reed Canarygrass Description FSG Marathon Reed Canarygrass Flyer Rival Reed Canarygrass Flyer Rival Reed Canarygrass Technical Data Sheet Timothy Basic Timothy Description FSG Summit Timothy Flyer Promesse Timothy Flyer Promesse Timothy Technical Data Sheet Crest Timothy Flyer Climax Timothy Technical Data Sheet Forage Grass & Legume Brochure Forage Mixtures Alfalfa Based Hay & Pasture Flyer Clover Based Hay & Pasture Flyer 715 Hay & Pasture Flyer Horse Hay & Pasture Mix Flyer Versagrass Flyer Grass Mix #4 Flyer Waterway Mix Flyer Range Master Flyer FSG Professional Beef Pasture Mix Flyer Forage Mixes Brochure

6 Wildlife Deer Country Field Mixture Flyer Deer Country Trail Mixture Flyer Deer Country Point Builder Plus Flyer Deer Country Tri-Season Blend Flyer Bulls-Eye Turnip Flyer PlotSpike Forage Oat Flyer Wildlife Sunflower Flyer Wildlife Grain Sorghum Flyer Wildlife Product Brochure Sorghum & Sudangrass BMR 106 Forage Sorghum Flyer Surpass BMR 6 Sorghum-Sudangrass Flyer Sugar Graze II Supreme Flyer Specialty Forages Tripper 2000 Flyer Sprint (Pea/Oat) Flyer LC 6040 Peas Silobuster (Pea/Oat) Flyer Silobuster (Pea/Barley) Flyer Triticale Flyer FSG 300 Pearl Millet Flyer Japanese Millet Flyer Corn Product Guide Sweet Corn Trinity Sweet Corn Flyer Sugar Buns Sweet Corn Flyer Ambrosia Sweet Corn Flyer Bodacious Sweet Corn Flyer Delectable Sweet Corn Flyer Incredible Sweet Corn Flyer Mystique Sweet Corn Flyer Miracle Sweet Corn Flyer Quickie Sweet Corn Flyer Sweet Corn Brochure

7 Nativegrass Big Bluestem Flyer Big Bluestem Technical Data Sheet Blue Grama Flyer Blue Grama Technical Data Sheet Buffalograss Flyer Buffalograss Technical Data Sheet Canada Wildrye Flyer Canada Wildrye Technical Data Sheet Eastern Gamagrass Flyer Eastern Gamagrass Technical Data Sheet Indiangrass Flyer Indiangrass Technical Data Sheet Little Bluestem Flyer Little Bluestem Technical Data Sheet Sideoats Grama Flyer Sideoats Grama Technical Data Sheet Switchgrass Flyer Switchgrass Technical Data Sheet Western Wheatgrass Flyer Western Wheatgrass Technical Data Sheet Eco-Short Nativegrass Mix Flyer Eco-Tall Nativegrass Mix Flyer Floodplain Nativegrass Mix Native Grass Brochure Establishing Nativegrasses Cover Crops for Nativegrasses Beating Weeds in Nativegrasses Charts Area of Coverage Chart Seeding Rate Chart Contact Information Our Employee Contacts

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9 Farm Science Genetics Alfalfa Uses Crops: Alfalfa is harvested as hay or silage which is processed or fed directly to livestock. Alfalfa is an important source of leaf meal used for fortifying baby food and other special diet foods prepared for human use. Large quantities of dehydrated alfalfa are also used in manufacturing concentrated feeds for poultry and livestock. Livestock: This plant is grown by itself or in combination with grasses in improved pastures. It is grazed by all types of domestic livestock. Caution should be taken when using alfalfa for grazing due to its potential bloat hazard. Wildlife: Alfalfa is an excellent food for antelope, deer, elk, Canada geese, sage grouse and sharp tail grouse. It is fair food for sandhill cranes, mallards, Hungarian partridge, and pheasants. Description Medicago sativa L. alfalfa, is a long-lived perennial legume. Flowers vary in color from purple to yellow and are borne in loose clusters. Pods of alfalfa range from the sickle type to those that are twisted into spirals. Each pod contains several small kidney-shaped seeds. Alfalfa is indeterminate and stems can reach several feet in length. New growth occurs from buds in the crown. The plant has a tap root which may penetrate 25 feet deep into the soil. Compound leaves are alternately arranged on the stem and are normally trifoliate although there are commercial varieties that have multifoliate leaves. There are approximately 227,000 seeds/pound. Adaptation and Distribution Alfalfa grows best on deep, well-drained, friable soils. Lands subject to frequent overflows or high water tables are unfavorable to alfalfa. The ph of the soil should be 6.5 to 7.5. Alfalfa is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment A seedbed must be smooth, firm, free of weeds and trash, and contain adequate moisture for germination and emergence. Land grading must be sufficient to ensure good surface drainage. Alfalfa should not be seeded as a first crop on newly leveled land where fill may settle and cause poor surface drainage pounds of coated or non-coated inoculated seed per acre evenly drilled ¼ deep on adapted, properly prepared sites will produce adequate stands. A combination drill and packer is desirable. Cultipacking soil before and after seeding is helpful to stand establishment. Seeding depth should be no greater than ¼ on finer textured soils and no greater than ½ on sandy soils. Spring seedings can be made 30 days before the average date of the last killing frost. Alfalfa can also be successfully seeded during the late summer. Allow time for adequate growth prior to the first killing frost. Management In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut to about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at ¼ bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting of alfalfa should be made 3 to 4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard.

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11 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.3.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Fast Highly persistent multifoliate variety Excellent forage yield potential and quality High resistance to stem and Northern root-knot nematodes Perfect 30/30 DRI rating Widely adapted FSG 329 alfalfa was selected for yield, persistence, nematode resistance and disease resistance so that it will produce even under adverse environmental pressures. FSG 329 is adapted throughout the Western, North Central and Eastern United States. Forage quality is enhanced due to FSG 329 s high multifoliate expression and is a great choice for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Not Rated (NR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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13 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.4.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Very Fast Very high resistance to Potato Leafhoppers Excellent yield potential Great forage quality Perfect 30/30 DRI rating A widely adapted versatile alfalfa variety FSG 420LH alfalfa exemplifies all of the most recent advances in conventional alfalfa breeding. This alfalfa came out of a selection process designed to change the fall dormancy/winterhardiness relationship resulting in an alfalfa combining later fall dormancy, excellent winterhardiness, fast recovery after cutting and an excellent disease resistance package that will reduce your production risks. With its high resistance to potato leafhoppers, FSG 420LH has the potential to produce high yields and high quality hay under sprayed or unsprayed field conditions making it the logical choice for your alfalfa production needs. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Potato Leafhopper Resistant (R) Highly Resistant (HR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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15 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.4.0 Winter Survival (Superior) Recovery After Cutting...Very Fast Exceptional forage yield potential Superior forage quality High multifoliate leaf expression Unmatched winter hardiness and persistence Perfect 30 out of 30 on the Wisconsin Disease Index FSG 406 Alfalfa is a remarkable new variety that raises the performance bar higher than ever before. With an unmatched winter hardiness rating and 4 fall dormancy, FSG 406 performs well over a wide range of environmental conditions and is adapted to all areas where 3 and 4 fall dormancy varieties are planted. FSG 406 also features a disease index rating of 30/30 and resistance to stem and root knot nematodes. Whether it s for exceptional forage yields, superior forage quality or very fast recovery after cutting, FSG 406 is the choice for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Highly Resistant (HR) Potato Leafhopper Moderately Resistant (MR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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17 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) FSG 406 Excellent forage yield potential. Superior forage quality. Unmatched winterhardiness and persistence. Perfect 30 out of 30 on the Wisconsin Disease Index. FSG 406 alfalfa is a remarkable new variety that raises the performance bar higher than ever before. With an unmatched winterhardiness rating and 4 fall dormancy, FSG 406 performs well over a wide range of environmental conditions and is adapted to all areas where 3 and 4 fall dormancy varieties are planted. FSG 406 also features a disease index rating of 30/30 and resistance to stem and root knot nematodes. Whether it s for exceptional forage yields, superior forage quality or very fast recovery after cutting, FSG 406 is the choice for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Wisconsin Disease Index: 30/30 Pea Aphid: Spotted Alfalfa Aphid: Stem Nematode: Root Knot Nematode: Agronomic Traits: HR HR HR HR HR HR HR R R R Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Fair Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Good-Excellent Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Very Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Very Dark Green Adaptation Ratings: Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-coated) 227,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-Coated( Fall Dormancy: 4.0 Winter Survival: Superior 1.0 Stand Persistence: Excellent

18 Quality Data FSG 406 Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. Use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

19 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.5.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Extremely Fast DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Resistant (R) 4* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (R) 4* Wisconsin Disease Index 28 out of 30 Pea Aphid Potato Leafhopper Resistant (R) Not Rated (NR) New-Latest generation alfalfa with StandFast Technology Traits Maximum forage yield, high forage quality Easier harvest Extremely fast regrowth after cutting Greater standability to mid-bloom Excellent stand persistence FSG 528SF represents the latest generation of alfalfas with the StandFast technology traits which combine significantly improved standability through mid-bloom and 3 to 5 days faster regrowth when compared to conventional alfalfa varieties. FSG 528SF s extremely fast recovery means 4 to 6 inches more growth in the first 21 days after harvest. This can reduce the number of days to the next harvest as well as maximizing total season-long yield and quality. FSG 528SF s improved standability allows it to remain upright, preserving valuable yield and quality, in conditions where conventional alfalfa varieties lodge resulting in lost profit. This new alfalfa offers maximum forage yield, persistence and a complete pest and disease package. FSG 528SF is recommended for alfalfa growers who manage their alfalfa on a three to five cut harvest system. *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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21 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.4.0 Winter Survival (Superior) Recovery After Cutting... Very Fast Dual purpose alfalfa hay or graze Wide, deep-set crowns Stands up to wheel traffic pressure High yield potential Superior winter hardiness and persistence FSG 408DP Alfalfa has been bred for deep set crowns with 61% of the crowns 1 inch to 1 1/2 inches below the soil surface. The deep set crown trait helps insulate the crown in severe winter weather and protect the crown from animal and equipment traffic. This versatile variety is ideal for 3 to 4 cut management systems where wheel traffic is a concern or for intensive livestock grazing year after year. With high hay yields, great forage quality and an excellent disease and insect resistance package, FSG 408DP gives you the flexibility to optimize your management decisions. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Resistant (R) 4* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (R) 4* Wisconsin Disease Index 28 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Not Rated (NR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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23 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) FSG 408DP Dual Purpose hay or graze. Wide, deep-set crowns improve winter survival. Superior winter hardiness and persistence. High yield potential Stands up to wheel traffic pressure. FSG 408DP alfalfa has been bred for deep set crowns with 61% of the crowns 1 to 1.4 below the soil surface. The deep set crown trait helps insulate the crown in severe winter weather and protect the crown from animal and equipment traffic. This versatile variety is ideal for 3-4 cut management systems where wheel traffic is a concern or for intensive livestock grazing year after year. With high hay yields, great forage quality and an excellent disease and insect resistance package, FSG 408DP gives you the flexibility to optimize your management decisions. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Wisconsin Disease Index: 28/30 HR HR R HR HR R Pea Aphid: R Stem Nematode: MR Root Knot Nematode: R Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Moderately Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Very Dark Green Adaptation Ratings: Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Fair Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Good-Excellent Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-coated) 227,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated) Fall Dormancy: 4.0 Winter Survival: 1.9 Stand Persistence: Very Good

24 Quality Data FSG 408DP Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. Use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

25 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.5.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting... Very Fast Superior forage yield potential Superb forage quality Very fast recovery after cutting Improved winter hardiness and persistence Excellent disease and pest resistance package With a superior combination of improved winter hardiness, very fast recovery after cutting, and great forage yield potential, FSG 505 Alfalfa has the agronomic characteristics needed to be top in its class. FSG 505 has performed exceptionally well in university yield trials over a wide range of environmental conditions and is adapted to all areas where Fall dormancy 4 and 5 varieties are planted. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Not Rated (NR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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27 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) FSG 505 Superior forage yield potential Superb forage quality Very fast recovery after cutting Improved winter hardiness and persistence Excellent disease and pest resistance package With a superior combination of improved winter hardiness, very fast recovery after cutting and great forage yield potential, FSG 505 Alfalfa has the agronomic characteristics needed to be top in its class. FSG 505 has performed exceptionally well in university yield trials over a wide range of environmental conditions and is adapted to all areas where fall dormancy 4 and 5 varieties are planted. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Wisconsin Disease Index: 30/30 HR HR HR HR HR HR Pea Aphid: R Potato Leafhopper: NR Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Very Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Dark Green Adaptation Ratings: Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Poor-Fair Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 227,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated) Fall Dormancy: 5.0 Winter Survival: 2.9 Stand Persistence: Very Good

28 Quality Data - FSG 505 Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are - grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4-1/2 inch. Use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night - 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

29 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.4.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting... Very Fast Branch rooting system High yield potential Adapted to variable soil conditions Fast recovery after cutting Stands up to wheel traffic pressure Superior winter hardiness and persistence Mariner III Alfalfa is designed for 3 to 4 cut management systems where variable soil conditions are a concern. Mariner III excels on both wet and well drained soils, plus resists heaving and mechanical injury better than other alfalfas. With the potential for high yields especially under less than ideal soil conditions, great forage quality and an excellent disease and insect resistance package, Mariner III gives you the flexibility to optimize your management decisions. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Resistant (MR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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31 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa X glutinosa & falcatax glandulosa) Mariner III Branch rooting system Adapted to variable soil conditions Stands up to wheel traffic pressure High yield potential Fast recovery after cutting Superior winterhardiness and persistence Mariner III Alfalfa is designed for 3 to 4 cut management systems where variable soil conditions are a concern. Mariner III excels on both wet and well drained soils, plus resists heaving and mechanical injury better than other alfalfas. With the potential for high yields especially under less than ideal soil conditions, great forage quality and an excellent disease and insect resistance package, Mariner III gives you the flexibility to optimize your management decisions. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Aphanomyces Race 2: Wisconsin Disease Index: 30/30 Potato Leafhopper: Pea Aphid: Spotted Alfalfa Aphid: Stem Nematode: Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Growth Habit: Recovery After Cutting: Firmness of Stem: Spring: Late Summer: Leafiness: Leaf Retention: Plant Color: Adaptation Ratings: HR HR HR HR HR HR R MR HR Excellent Upright from Crown Fast Moderately Coarse Very Fine Very Leafy Trifoliate Excellent Dark Green Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Fair Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Poor-Fair Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 227,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated) Fall Dormancy: 4.0 Winter Survival: 2.0 Stand Persistence: Very Fast

32 Quality Data Mariner III Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 5-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. Use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82 F and night 70 F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96 F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

33 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.4.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting... Very Fast High resistance to Aphanomyces Race 2 Great forage yield potential Superior forage quality Excellent winter hardiness and persistence Perfect 30 out of 30 on the Wisconsin Disease Index Withstand Alfalfa is a new, elite alfalfa that has high resistance to both Aphanomyces Race 1 and 2. This breakthrough along with a disease index rating of 30/30 insures that Withstand will perform well over a wide range of environmental conditions. With a very good winter hardiness rating and 4 fall dormancy, Withstand is adapted to all areas where 3 and 4 fall dormancy varieties are planted. Whether it s for great forage yields, superior forage quality, persistence or very fast recovery after cutting, Withstand is an exceptional alfalfa for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Resistant (R) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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35 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa X glutinosa & falcatax glandulosa) Withstand High resistance to Aphanomyces Race 2 Great forage yield potential Superior forage quality Excellent winter hardiness and persistence Perfect 30 out of 30 on the Wisconsin Disease Index Withstand Alfalfa is a new, elite alfalfa that has high resistance to both Aphanomyces Race 1 and 2. This breakthrough along with a disease index rating of 30/30 insures that Withstand will perform well over a wide range of environmental conditions. With a very good winter hardiness rating and 4 fall dormancy, Withstand is adapted to all areas where 3 and 4 fall dormancy varieties are planted. Whether it s for great forage yields, superior forage quality, persistence or very fast recovery after cutting, Withstand is an exceptional alfalfa for commercial hay, beef and dairy producers. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Aphanomyces Race 2: Wisconsin Disease Index: 30/30 HR HR HR HR HR HR HR Pea Aphid: R Spotted Alfalfa Aphid: R Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Very Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Dark Green Adaptation Ratings: Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Fair Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Poor-Fair Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 227,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated) Fall Dormancy: 4.0 Winter Survival: 2.0 Stand Persistence: Very Fast

36 Quality Data Withstand Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. Use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

37 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.2.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Fast Highly persistent Creeping Rooted alfalfa Excellent drought and wet soil tolerance Multi purpose great for haying or pasturing Tough and widely adapted alfalfa FSG 229CR alfalfa is a highly persistent creeping rooted alfalfa with rhizomatous crowns specialized for dry land pastures. As the alfalfa stand matures crown rhizomes will form new crowns increasing stand thickness. FSG 229CR excels in both hay and pasture type production and expresses a branch rooted trait that allows the plant better tolerance to wet soil conditions. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Verticillium Wilt Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 30 out of 30 Pea Aphid Resistant (R) Potato Leafhopper Highly Resistant (HR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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39 Exceptional Forage Quality and Outstanding Winterhardiness Northfield, Minnesota Iowa State University Nashua 2006 Nampa, Idaho West Salem, Wisconsin Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 4.29 Expedition 4.13 HybriForce-400 Wet 4.12 Attention 4.10 Ameristand 403 T 4.01 Pioneer 54H Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 3.78 Pioneer 54V Pioneer Innovator +Z 3.69 Garst Vernal 3.42 FSG Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 9.93 WL 357 HQ 9.66 Genoa 9.60 Mountaineer Boulder 8.77 HybriForce Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 6.73 DKA Attention 6.61 Pioneer 54V HybriForce Pioneer 54Q Boone, Iowa Mount Joy, Pennsylvania Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 7.00 Genoa 6.69 Rebound DKA HybriForce Pioneer 54V Variety Yield (T/A) WL 343HQ 6.72 Pioneer 54V Phirst 6.07 Ameristand 403T 6.07 Somerset 6.03 HybriForce Ultra 5.62 WL 343HQ Oneida Superior feed value and exceptional yield potential make WL 343HQ the alfalfa variety of choice for dairy, beef, and cash hay producers looking to maximize production and profitability in their operations. WL 343HQ Advantages: Superior digestibility produces more milk or beef and greater profitability when fed; WL 343HQ consistently beats the competition in head-to-head digestibility comparisons. WL 343HQ is the highest-quality winterhardy HQ alfalfa W-L has released to date. Very high yielding (FD=3.9) under 3-, 4-, and 5-cut harvest managements. Very winterhardy (WH=1.7); WL 343HQ delivers long stand life even under the toughest weather conditions. Proven ability to hold high feed value in the field over a longer period of time; WL 343HQ delivers higher forage quality and greater harvest flexibility with less risk of rain damage to hay and haylage when harvest is delayed. A perfect disease resistance index (DRI) of 30/30 and strong resistance to insects and nematodes produces big yields and long stand life across a wide range of soil types. Very fast recovery after cutting and superior standability encourages intensive harvest management; WL 343HQ produces higher yields and higher quality forage more often with less risk. Dark green, fine-stemmed, and highly palatable. Excellent early maturing companion variety to WL 319HQ. Very well-adapted for use in the Midwestern, Northeastern, Northwestern, and Central Plains regions of the U.S. for hay and haylage uses.

40 WL343HQ The Forage Quality Leader West Salem, Wisconsin Area of Primary Adaptation Our newest winterhardy HQ (high quality-selected) alfalfa, WL 343HQ carries on in the great tradition set by WL 325HQ and WL 357HQ: Very high yield potential, outstanding winterhardiness, and unmatched forage quality and feed value set WL 343HQ apart from the competition. Variety %CP %IVTD* RFQ** $ Per Acre WL 343HQ $2,308 WL 357HQ $2,278 Attention $2,077 HybriForce $2,048 Pioneer 54V $2,004 Mount Joy, Pennsylvania Variety %CP %IVTD* RFQ** $ Per Acre WL 343HQ $2,975 Pioneer 54V $2,771 WL 357HQ $2,581 Attention $2,559 HybriForce $2,462 W-L Research PO Box 8112 Madison, WI Buck Creek, Indiana Variety %CP %IVTD* RFQ** $ Per Acre WL 343HQ $2,293 Pioneer 54V $2,248 Attention $2,190 HybriForce $1,947 * In Vitro True Digestibility ** Relative Forage Quality Agronomic Traits Maturity Early Fall Dormancy 3.9 Winterhardiness 1.7 Forage Yield Index Very High Digestibility/Feed Value Superior Persistence Index Very High Disease Resistance Index 30/30 Recovery After Harvest Very Fast Traffic Tolerance Very Good Standability Excellent Multileaf Expression Very High (78%) Pest Resistance Traits Bacterial Wilt HR (60%) Fusarium Wilt HR (60%) Anthracnose HR Phytophthora Root Rot HR (61%) Aphanomyces Root Rot HR (59%) Verticillium Wilt HR (54%) Leaf Disease R Aphids HR Nematodes (Stem, Root Knot) R Disease Resistance Index (DRI) 30/30 HR = High Resistance R = Resistant

41 WL 363HQ: Exceptional Yield Potential! New Castle, Kentucky Eltopia, Washington Nampa, Idaho La Crosse, Wisconsin Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ WL 357HQ HybriForce Attention Pioneer 54V Ameristand 403T Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ WL 357HQ DKA Ameristand 444NT Pioneer 53V HybriForce Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ WL 357HQ Ameristand 444NT Pioneer 54V DKA HybriForce Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ Garst DKA LegenDairy HybriForce Pioneer 54V Boone, Iowa Mount Joy, Pennsylvania Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ DKA Somerset HybriForce Pioneer 54V Ameristand 403T WL 363HQ Variety Yield (T/A) WL 363HQ Pioneer 54V FSG Garst 6400HT Attention HybriForce-420Wet WL 363HQ Advantages: Very high yielding under 4-, 5-, and 6-cut harvest managements (FD=4.9); the highest-yielding winterhardy HQ released to date. Superior digestibility produces more milk or beef and greater profitability when fed; WL 363HQ consistently beats the competition in head-to-head digestibility comparisons. Very winterhardy (WH=1.6); WL 363HQ delivers long stand-life, even under the toughest weather conditions. A great choice for cash hay, WL 363HQ delivers very high RFQ and TDN numbers across a wide range of haying conditions. Proven ability to hold high feed value in the field over a longer period of time; WL 363HQ delivers higher forage quality and greater harvest flexibility with less risk of rain damage to hay and haylage when harvest is delayed. A perfect disease resistance index (DRI) of 30/30 and high resistance (HR) to both stem and root knot nematodes produces big yields and long stand life across a wide range of soil types and growing conditions. Fast recovery after cutting and superior standability encourages intensive harvest management. Dark green, fine-stemmed, and highly palatable. Excellent early maturing companion variety to WL 319HQ and WL 343HQ. Well-adapted for hay and haylage use in the Midwestern, Northeastern, Northwestern, and Central Plains regions of the U.S.

42 WL363HQ The Hay Quality Leader La Crosse, Wisconsin Area of Primary Adaptation Our newest winterhardy HQ (high quality-selected) alfalfa, WL 363HQ carries on in the great tradition set by WL 357HQ: Very high yield potential, outstanding winterhardiness, and unmatched forage quality. Variety %CP %IVTD* RFQ** $ Per Acre WL 363HQ $2,893 Rebound $2,829 Pioneer 54V $2,801 HybriForce $2,558 Attention $2,410 WL 363HQ beat HybriForce-400 by $335 per acre! Buck Creek, Indiana Variety %CP %IVTD* RFQ** $ Per Acre W-L Research PO Box 8112 Madison, WI WL 363HQ $3,347 Attention $3,067 Genoa $3,033 Pioneer 54V $2,994 Pioneer 54H $2,969 WL 363HQ beat Pioneer 54V46 by $353 per acre! * In Vitro True Digestibility ** Relative Forage Quality Agronomic Traits Maturity Early Fall Dormancy 4.9 Winterhardiness 1.6 Forage Yield Index Very High Digestibility/Feed Value Superior Persistence Index Very High Disease Resistance Index 30/30 Recovery After Harvest Very Fast Traffic Tolerance Very Good Standability Excellent Multi-Leaf Expression 83% Pest Resistance Traits Bacterial Wilt HR (62%) Fusarium Wilt HR (58%) Anthracnose HR (58%) Phytophthora Root Rot HR (61%) Aphanomyces Root Rot HR (60%) Verticillium Wilt HR (62%) Disease Resistance Index 30/30 Aphids HR Stem Nematode HR (61%) Root Knot Nematode HR (59%) HR = High Resistance R = Resistant

43 Exceptional Leafhopper Resistance and Outstanding Yield Potential Otterbein, Indiana Yield* Variety Yield (T/A) WL 353 LH WL 345 LH Pioneer 54H Pioneer 54V * No insecticide used for leafhopper control. Variety Boone, Iowa 2008 Yield* Yield (T/A) WL 353 LH 6.70 Pioneer 53H Garst HybriForce Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania Yield* Variety Yield (T/A) WL 353 LH WL 345LH Pioneer 54H Pioneer 54V Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 2008 Yield* Variety Yield (T/A) WL 353 LH 3.37 Pioneer 53H BluejayHR 2.97 GH773LH 2.88 Garst EverGreen Vernal 2.29 WL 353 LH WL 353LH is a new high-yielding, high-quality alfalfa that also delivers the best levels of potato leafhopper resistance available today (7th Generation). WL 353LH is a true no-spray alfalfa, eliminating the need for chemical insect control in areas prone to high leafhopper pressure. WL 353 LH Advantages: New 7th Generation potato leafhopper resistance best in the industry; a true no-spray PLH-resistant alfalfa, anytime, anywhere! Dramatic improvements in agronomic performance with or without leafhopper pressure! Impressive visual appeal under high leafhopper pressure. Very high-yielding (FD= 4.0) under 3-, 4-, and 5-cut harvest managements. Superior digestibility produces more milk or beef and greater profitability when fed. Very winterhardy (WH = 1.9) and persistent; WL 353LH delivers long stand life under tough weather conditions. Perfect disease resistance index (DRI) of 30/30 produces big yields on your toughest soils. Resistant to aphid and nematode pests that attack alfalfa. Dark green, fine-stemmed, and highly palatable. Very well-adapted for use in the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S. for hay and haylage uses.

44 WL353 LH Area % Resistance to Leafhopper of Primary Adaptation Seventh-Generation Potato Leafhopper Resistance Best in the Industry 1st gen 3rd gen 5th gen 7th gen Treatment Thresholds for Potato Leafhoppers in Alfalfa W-L Research PO Box 8112 Madison, WI Agronomic Traits Alfalfa Stem Height (inches) Leafhoppers Per 10 Sweeps Conventional Varieties WL 353 LH Spray thresholds from Iowa State University When compared to conventional alfalfas, WL 353 LH tolerates TEN times the level of leafhoppers before spray treatment is necessary! Pest Resistance Traits Maturity Early Bacterial Wilt HR (76%) Fall Dormancy 4.0 Fusarium Wilt HR (56%) Winterhardiness 1.9 Anthracnose HR (81%) Forage Yield Excellent Phytophthora Root Rot HR (63%) Digestibility/Feed Value Superior Aphanomyces Root Rot (Race 1) HR (57%) Persistence Index Very High (7.3)* Verticillium Wilt HR (58%) Disease Resistance Index 30/30 Potato Leafhopper HR (86%) Recovery after Harvest Very Fast (7.1)* Leaf Disease R Traffic Tolerance Very Good Pea Aphid R Standability Excellent Nematodes R * Scored 1 (poor) to 9 (best) HR = High Resistance R = Resistant

45 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.3.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Fast Premium Brand ALFALFA is our most popular blend of premium, high-yielding alfalfas. Premium Brand Alfalfa is a carefully selected blend of premium proprietary alfalfas chosen specifically for adaptation in the area in which it will be grown. Premium Brand Alfalfa is the perfect choice for growers seeking a moderately priced variety. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Fusarium Wilt Resistant (R) 4* Verticillium Wilt Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Anthracnose-Race 1 Resistant (R) 4* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Wisconsin Disease Index 28 out of 30 Pea Aphid Not Rated (NR) Potato Leafhopper Not Rated (NR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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47 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Premium Brand Blended for local adaptation. Economical blend of premium alfalfas. 28/30 on the Wisconsin Disease Index. Premium Brand is a carefully selected brand of premium proprietary alfalfas chosen specifically for adaptation in the area in which it will be grown. Premium Brand is a perfect choice for growers seeking a moderately priced variety. It has a disease index rating of 28 out of 30. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Agronomic Traits: HR R HR R HR HR Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Very Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Dark Green Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 227,000 Adaptation Ratings: Fall Dormancy: 3.0 Winter Survival: 2.6 Stand Persistence: Good Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Fair Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Good-Excellent Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

48 Quality Data Premium Blend Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

49 Characteristics Fall Dormancy.3.0 Winter Survival (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting...Fast Very winter hardy and persistent under stress Bred to endure the harsh Mid-Western winters that have killed out lesser varieties in the past Pro Brand is a selected brand of alfalfas specifically chosen for local adaptation and is designed for sustainable management programs. Pro Brand is a good alfalfa for the economy-minded grower. DISEASE/INSECT/NEMATODE RATINGS Bacterial Wilt Resistant (R) 4* Fusarium Wilt Resistant (R) 4* Verticillium Wilt Resistant (R) 4* Anthracnose-Race 1 Resistant (R) 4* Phytophthora Root Rot Highly Resistant (HR) 5* Aphanomyces-Race 1 Resistant (R) 4* Wisconsin Disease Index 25 out of 30 Pea Aphid Potato Leafhopper Not Rated (NR) Not Rated (NR) *Based on the Wisconsin Disease Rating Index. This is a 1 to 5 ranking with 5 being the best Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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51 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Pro Brand Brand for local adaptation. Designed for sustainable management programs. Guaranteed on the Wisconsin Disease Index. Pro Brand is a selected brand of alfalfa specifically chosen for adaptation in the area in which it will be grown and is designed for sustainable management programs. Pro Brand is a good alfalfa for the economy-minded grower. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Guaranteed Minimum WDI: Bacterial Wilt: Fusarium Wilt: Verticillium Wilt: Anthracnose Race 1: Phytophthora Root Rot: Aphanomyces Race 1: Agronomic Traits: R R R R HR R Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Fast Firmness of Stem: Spring: Moderately Coarse Late Summer: Very Fine Leafiness: Very Leafy Trifoliate Leaf Retention: Excellent Plant Color: Dark Green Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 227,000 Adaptation Ratings: Fall Dormancy: 3.0 Winter Survival: 2.9 Stand Persistence: Good Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Poor Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Poor-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.5 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Haylage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Good-Excellent Palatability: Excellent Anti-Quality: Bloat Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

52 Quality Data Pro Brand Alfalfa: Variety Selection: Select varieties with Fall Dormancy and Winter Survival adequate for your area. Varieties should have resistance to known pests in your area. Determine what your objectives and management style are grazing, hay, etc. Seedbed: Do not select a field where the previous crop was alfalfa. Alfalfa should be seeded into a firm, fertile, well-drained seedbed. Fertility should be high, and ph must be a minimum of 6.5. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 8-10 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. use a cultipacker or press wheels to insure good seed to soil contact. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer with yields continuing to decline as the summer progresses. Ideal production temperatures are: day-82º F and night 70º F. In general, graze or cut for hay when alfalfa is in early bloom. Graze or cut about a 2 height. Successive cuttings for hay should occur at 1/4 bloom stage. Alfalfa can best withstand grazing if rotated frequently or grazed in small strips. The last cutting alfalfa should be made 3-4 weeks before the first killing frost date. Alfalfa may cause livestock to bloat. Care should be used in managing such grazing to reduce the possibility of this hazard. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 96º F and moisture stress is severe. Alfalfa requires a lot of Boron compared to other crops. During severe drought Boron is unavailable which stops stem elongation. Boron promotes cell division and growth. Fall re-growth should be at least 9 tall going into winter. This usually requires about five weeks prior to your average killing frost date.

53 The All-Vantage concept is designed to give your seed every advantage possible. This seed treatment portfolio employs proprietary coating and treatment compositions and methods for better seed survivability, and enhanced seed to soil contact resulting in improved germination and emergence. The increased and enhanced germination exhibited with these seed treatment packages is why most coated seed should be planted at the same per acre rate as raw seed. The treatment and coating processes follow best management practices so that your coated seed will excel. After planting, the seed coating will continue to provide protection for the seed during temperature extremes and dry spells until moisture is received and seed growth has begun. Whatever the situation, All-Vantage coating adds value to your seed and can be customized to include Micronutrients, Fungicide and/or inoculation with Rhizobium and/or Mycorrhizae. The coating package utilizes our own binding polymer that ensures your investment stays where it should on the seed. The All-Vantage Portfolio: Inoculants: Rhizobia: can be applied to various legumes to ensure nodulation and Nitrogen fixation Mycorrhizae: can be applied with our patented Myco-Coat Enhances root development Increases nutrient uptake Increases resistance to some soil borne diseases and pests (nematodes) Fungicide: Metalalxyl: can be applied to help control seeding damp-off, caused by pythium and phytophthora Micronutrients: can be applied to promote early nutrition, plant health and growth Manganese: involved in enzyme activity for photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism Zinc: acts as a growth activator. It is also a necessary nutrient for chlorophyll synthesis and carbohydrate formation. Additionally, zinc plays an important role in enhancing a plant s natural defense systems against pathogens Iron: needed for formation of chlorophyll, and acts as a catalyst for making other nutrients function Sulfur: helps activate many plant proteins and enzymes needed for growth. It helps plants resist the cold, assists in root production and seed growth Cobalt: is an essential transition element and component of several enzymes and co-enzymes. It also aids in a plant s growth and metabolism Copper: is especially important in seed production, disease resistance and regulation of water uptake Molybdenum: helps legumes fix nitrogen more effectively, but also facilitates a plant s protein synthesis, metabolism processes and overall growth Magnesium: helps form chlorophyll in plants and is essential for photosynthesis Colors: Makes seed easier to find in the soil, which makes seed counts/square-foot easier to determine Seed coloring also makes it easier to find your seed so you can check seed depth Coating percent: The coating percent has been determined to provide maximum benefit The seed coating increases the seed surface area effectively enhancing seed to soil contact which improves moisture flow from the soil to the seed, a critical component for successful germination

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55 WL 343HQ ALFALFA Highest quality winterhardy HQ alfalfa W-L has released to date Delivers long stand life under the toughest conditions Proven ability to hold high feed value in the field when harvest is delayed Fast recovery after cutting & excellent standability provide higher yields & higher quality forage with less risk Dark green, fine-stemmed, and highly palatable Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 3.9 La Crosse, WI Commerce St 2011 ALFALFA PRODUCT LINE Winter Survival 1.7 (Superior) Recovery After Cutting Fast WL 363HQ ALFALFA Highest yielding winterhardy HQ released to date Delivers excellent persistence under intensive cutting managements A great choice for cash hay or haylage; produces high yields & high RFQ numbers across a wide range of haying conditions Excellent early-maturing companion to WL 343HQ & WL 353LH Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.9 Winter Survival 1.6 (Superior) Recovery After Cutting Fast WL 353LH ALFALFA Dramatic improvements in agronomic performancewith or without leafhopper pressure! New 7th-Generation PLH resistance (86%) best in the industry; a true no-spray PLH-resistant alfalfa, anywhere, anytime! Perfect Disease Resistance Index (DRI) of 30/30 produces big yields on your toughest soils Characteristics: Fall Dormancy Commerce St La Crosse, WI Winter Survival 1.9 (Superior) Recovery After Cutting Fast WL ALFALFA S Toll Free: FAX:

56 LA CROSSE FORAGE & TURF SEED LLC FSG 329 ALFALFA Highly persistent multifoliate variety Excellent forage yield potential & quality Highly resistance to stem & Northern root-knot nematodes Perfect 30/30 DRI rating & widely adapted Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 3.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Fast FSG 420LH ALFALFA Very high resistance to Potato Leafhoppers Excellent Yield Potential Great forage quality Perfect 30/30 DRI rating A widely adapted versatile alfalfa variety Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast FSG 406 ALFALFA Exceptional forage yield potential Superior forage quality High multifoliate leaf expression Unmatched winterhardiness & persistence Perfect 30 out of 30 on the WI Disease Index Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.0 Winter Survival 1.0 (Superior) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast FSG 528SF ALFALFA New-Latest generation alfalfa with StandFast Technology Traits Maximum forage yield, high forage quality Easier harvest Extremely fast regrowth after cutting Greater standability to mid-bloom Excellent stand persistence Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 5.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Extremely Fast FSG 229CR ALFALFA Highly persistent Creeping Rooted alfalfa Excellent drought & wet soil tolerance Multi purpose - great for haying or pasturing Tough & widely adapted alfalfa Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 2.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Fast FSG 408DP ALFALFA Dual purpose alfalfa-hay or graze Wide, deep-set crowns Stands up to wheel traffic pressure High yield potential Superior winterhardiness & persistence Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.0 Winter Survival 1.9 (Superior) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast FSG 505 ALFALFA Superior forage yield potential Superb forage quality Very fast recovery after cutting Improved winterhardiness & persistence Excellent disease & pest resistance package Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 5.0 Winter Survival 2.9 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast WITHSTAND ALFALFA High resistance to Aphanomyces Race 2 Great forage yield potential Superior forage quality Excellent winterhardiness & persistence Perfect 30 out of 30 on the WI Disease Index Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast MARINER III ALFALFA Branch rooting system Adapted to variable soil conditions Stands up to wheel traffic pressure High yield potential Fast recovery after cutting Superior winterhardiness & persistence Characteristics: Fall Dormancy 4.0 Winter Survival 2.0 (Very Good) Recovery After Cutting Very Fast FARM SCIENCE GENETICS ALFALFA S

57 ALFALFA AGRONOMICS Variety Fall Dormancy Winterhardiness Phytophthora Root Rot Verticillium Wilt Anthracnose Bacterial Wilt Fusarium Wilt Aphanomyces Race 1 Aphanomyces Race 2 Pea Aphid Potato Leafhopper Sclerotinia Total DRI FSG HR HR HR HR HR HR NR R NR NR 30/30 FSG 420 LH HR HR HR HR HR HR NR R HR NR 30/30 FSG HR HR HR HR HR HR NR HR MR MR 30/30 FSG 528 SF R HR HR HR HR R NR R NR MR 28/30 FSG 408 DP HR R HR HR HR R NR R NR NR 28/30 FSG HR HR HR HR HR HR NR R NR NR 30/30 Withstand HR HR HR HR HR HR HR HR MR MR 30/30 Mariner III HR HR HR HR HR HR R R MR NR 30/30 FSG 229 CR HR HR HR HR HR R NR R NR NR 29/30 WL 343 HQ HR HR HR HR HR HR NR HR NR NR 30/30 WL 363 HQ HR HR HR HR HR HR NR HR NR NR 30/30 WL 353 LH HR HR HR HR HR HR NR R HR NR 30/30 Premium Brand HR HR R HR R HR NR NR NR NR 28/30 Pro Brand HR R R R R R NR NR NR NR 25/30 Ratings: 1= Most Dormant, 9=Least Dormant. This is an indicator of relative maturity. Winterhardiness Ratings: 1=Most Hardy, 9=Least Hardy. HR=Highly Resistant, R=Resistant, MR=Moderately Resistant, LR=Low Resistance, S=Susceptible, NR=Not Rated

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59 Farm Science Genetics Red Clover Uses Red clover is primarily used for hay, silage, and soil improvement. It is a quick growing crop, easily established, and produces high quality forage. Tolerance of shade allows Red clover to be used effectively as a cover crop under silage corn. Newer varieties of medium red clover can be productive for 3 years or more under proper management. Description Trifolium pratense L., red clover, is a short-lived perennial that grows as one of two types: medium (double-cut) or mammoth (single-cut). Red clover plants grow from crowns. Plants have hollow, hairy stems and branches. Stem lengths of medium and mammoth types average 18 inches and 24 to 30 inches, respectively. Medium types have about 4 branches per stem; mammoth have 6. Each leaf consists of a slender stalk bearing 3 leaflets. The taproot of red clover is extensively branched. Flowers are borne in compact clusters or heads and are usually rose-pink in color. Seed pods are small, short, and contain kidney-shaped seeds that vary in color from yellow to deep violet. There are approximately 272,000 seeds per pound. Mammoth red clover matures later than medium types; only one crop of Mammoth red clover is harvested each season since recovery is slow. Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

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61 High yield Unmatched forage quality Excellent disease resistance Superior persistence Highly resistant to northern and southern anthracnose and powdery mildew FSG 9601 is an elite new-generation medium red clover developed for high yields and the persistence to last three or more years under good management. FSG 9601 is at 50% bloom two days later than Arlington in the spring and performs extremely well over a wide geographic area and under variable growing conditions. Whether it s for hay, pasture or silage, FSG 9601 is hard to beat when it comes to yield, persistence and disease resistance. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts ww.lftseed.com

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63 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) FSG 9601 High yield. Unmatched forage quality. Excellent disease resistance with superior persistence Highly resistant to Northern and Southern Anthracnose & Powdery Mildew. FSG 9601 is an elite new-generation red clover developed for high yields and persistence to last 3 years and beyond under good management. FSG 9601 is at 50% bloom 2 days later than Arlington in the spring and performs extremely well over a wide range of soil types and growing conditions. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Stem Length: 18 inch avg. Branches per stem: 4 Leaf Description: Slender stalk with 3 leaflets Taproot: Extensively branched Flowers: Compact Cluster Flower Color: rose-pink Seed Pods: small & short Seed Shape: Kidney Seed color: yellow to deep violet Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Good Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.0 Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 272,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

64 Quality Data FSG 9601 Clover: Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

65 Strong resistance to Aphanomyces Root Rot (R), Northern Anthracnose (HR), Southern Anthracnose (HR), Common Crown Rots (R), Powdery Mildew Excellent choice for wetter and lower fertility soil types that alfalfa cannot tolerate Duration Red Clover was developed to have excellent winter hardiness, high yields, and disease resistance, combined with strong spring green-up and fast recovery after each cutting. Higher yields and more disease resistance than Marathon, RedStar, and Arlington Performs great under Forage production or rotational grazing Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts ww.lftseed.com

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67 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) Duration High yield & Disease resistance Excellent for wetter and lower fertility type soils Performs great under forage production or rotational grazing Stron resistance to Aphanomyces Root Rot (R) Northern Anthracnose (HR) Southern Anthracnose (HR) Common Crown Rots (R) Powdery Mildew (R) Duration red clover was developed to have excellent winter hardiness, high yields and disease resistance, combined with strong spring green-up and fast recovery after each cutting. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Stem Length: 18 inch avg. Branches per stem: 4 Leaf Description: Slender stalk with 3 leaflets Taproot: Extensively branched Flowers: Compact Cluster Flower Color: rose-pink Seed Pods: small & short Seed Shape: Kidney Seed color: yellow to deep violet Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Good Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.0 Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 272,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

68 Quality Data Duration Red Clover: Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

69 Favorite red clover variety Bred exclusively for the upper Midwest Adapted to a wide range of soil types High yields A proven performer over the past years E-688 has become a favorite Red Clover variety, whether used for hay production or rotational grazing. E-688 is a superior Red Clover bred exclusively for the upper Midwest. Adapted to a wide range of soil types, E-688 gives the edge to the producer or grazer who expects high yields, winter hardiness, and persistence when planting red clover. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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71 T E C H N I C A L D E S C R I P T I O N Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) E-688 A proven performer over the past years, E-688 has become a favorite Red Clover variety, whether used for hay production or rotational grazing. E-688 is a superior Red Clover bred exclusively for the upper Midwest. Adapted to a wide range of soil types, E-688 gives the edge to the producer or grazer who expects high yields, winter hardiness, and persistence when planting Red Clover. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Stem Length: 18 inch avg. Branches per stem: 4 Leaf Description: Slender stalk with 3 leaflets Taproot: Extensively branched Flowers: Compact Cluster Flower Color: rose-pink Seed Pods: small & short Seed Shape: Kidney Seed color: yellow to deep violet Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Good Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.0 Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 272,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

72 Quality Data E-688 Red Clover: Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

73 Marathon is a high yielding variety of red clover developed and released by the Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Services, U.S.D.A. It has excellent disease resistance and quality similar to Arlington, but it consistently exceeds Arlington in forage yield and persistence. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts ww.lftseed.com

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75 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) Marathon Marathon is a high yielding variety of red clover developed and released by the Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Services, U.S.D.A. It has excellent disease resistance and quality similar to Arlington, but it consistently exceeds Arlington in forage yield and persistence. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Stem Length: 18 inch avg. Branches per stem: 4 Leaf Description: Slender stalk with 3 leaflets Taproot: Extensively branched Flowers: Compact Cluster Flower Color: rose-pink Seed Pods: small & short Seed Shape: Kidney Seed color: yellow to deep violet Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Good Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.0 Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 272,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

76 Quality Data Marathon Red Clover: Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

77 Arlington was developed through joint efforts of the USDA Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Division of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.. Arlington is resistant to bean and yellow mosaic virus and is moderately resistant to northern anthracnose and powdery mildew. It has a good winter survival and persists in the field longer than other varieties. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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79 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.) Arlington Arlington was developed through joint efforts of the USDA Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Division of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Arlington is resistant to bean and yellow mosaic virus and is moderately resistant to northern anthracnose and powdery mildew. It has good winter survival and persists in the field longer than other varieties. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Upright from Crown Recovery After Cutting: Very Fast Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Stem Length: 18 inch avg. Branches per stem: 4 Leaf Description: Slender stalk with 3 leaflets Taproot: Extensively branched Flowers: Compact Cluster Flower Color: rose-pink Seed Pods: small & short Seed Shape: Kidney Seed color: yellow to deep violet Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: Good Drought Stress: Excellent Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Poor Minimum ph: 6.0 Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: (Non-Coated) 272,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure Coated With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft (Non-coated)

80 Quality Data Arlington Red Clover: Adaptation and Distribution Red clover grows best on well-drained loamy soils, but it will also grow on soil that is not as well-drained. Medium and fine textured soils are preferred by the plant over sandy or gravelly soils. It is best adapted to a ph of 6.0 or higher. Red clover is distributed throughout the United States and Canada. Establishment Red clover may be seeded in pure stands, but it is often mixed with grain or grass. Spring or late summer seedings are satisfactory. It may be overseeded in the spring or fall. Red clover seed should be inoculated. Phosphorus and potash are the fertilizer elements needed mostly by red clover. Apply as recommended by soil tests. Seeding may be done with a drill or broadcast. A firm, weed-free seedbed is essential. Plant seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep. Seeding rates are 12 to 15 lbs. per acre broadcast and 6 to 8 lbs. per acre when drilled. For renovating pastures, the recommended seeding rate is 8 lbs. per acre. Management Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is ¼ to ½ in bloom. A second cutting or successive grazing should occur when red clover is ¼ in bloom. Leave at least 2 to 3 inches of growth after each harvest. Care should be taken to eliminate or appreciably reduce bloating of livestock when grazing. Keep lime and fertilizers (phosphorus and potash) at the proper level.

81 This biennial legume is an excellent fast-growing cover crop that can be planted almost any time of the year. More vigorous and tolerant of acid soils than other clovers.. Mammoth Red breaks up clay soils and can add as much as 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Reaching up to 3 feet in height at maturity. Mammoth Red clover can provide enormous amounts of organic matter and tilth to your soil. Sow 1/2 pound per 1000 square feet or at 20 pounds per acre. Seeding Rate: 8-12 lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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83 The most widely grown Red Clover, Medium ranks next to alfalfa in hay value. It is an excellent soil fertility builder. Two hay cuttings can usually be taken per year season. Grown most extensively in the Northeastern and North Central states and as far south as Tennessee and Virginia An important crop in the irrigated areas of the Western states, especially Idaho, Washington and Oregon Usually considered a biennial and is well suited for short rotations Generally used for pasture or hay, as well as a soil improvement crop Medium Red Clover does best on fairly heavy, well-drained fertile soils, but it will tolerate acidic soils better than alfalfa. It requires more moisture than alfalfa and is not as winter hardy. Medium Red Clover will generally not yield as much as alfalfa where alfalfa is adapted. Seeding Rate: 8-12 lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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85 Farm Science Genetics White Clover Uses Forage: White clover is the most important pasture legume. It is a highly palatable, nutritious forage for all classes of livestock. White clover is commonly planted with orchardgrass, ryegrass, or tall fescue. Ladino clover grows tall enough to be harvested for hay, silage, and green chop. Intermediate and small white clovers seldom grow tall enough to be harvested for hay or silage. Wildlife: White Clover is a choice food for deer and elk. Erosion control: Grass seedings benefit from the nitrogen produced by white clover included in the seed mixture. Solid stands of white clover form a good erosion controlling cover on moist fertile soils, but stands may be sparse or spotty on dry sites. Description Trifoliium repens, L., white clover, is a perennial legume that originated in Europe and has become one of the most widely distributed legumes in the world. It has a prostrate, stoloniferous growth habit. The leaves are composed of three leaflets, which may or may not have a cresent or water mark on the upper surface. Leaves and roots develop along the stolon at the nodes. The three general types of white clover usually recognized are (1) large or ladino, (2) intermediate, and (3) small. The flower heads, each consisting of 40 to 100 florets, are borne on long stalks from the leaf axils. Florets are white but may have a pink hue. There are approximately 768,000 seeds/ pound. Adaptation and Distribution White clover thrives best in a cool, moist climate on soils with ample lime, phosphate, and potash. In general, white clover is best adapted to clay and silt soils in humid and irrigated areas. It grows successfully on sandy soils with a high water table or irrigated droughty soils when adequately fertilized. White clover seldom roots deeper than 2 feet, which makes it adapted to shallow soils when adequate moisture is available. Establishment The standard seeding rate is 2 to 4 pounds/acre, planted at a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch. For pasture establishment, seeds are drilled into a well-prepared seedbed that has been plowed, harrowed, and compacted to produce a firm seedbed. The seeds are inoculated before seeding. For stabilization use, seeds are broadcast on roadside cuts and fills by cyclone seeders hydroseeders, or blower-type equipment. The proper time of seeding is determined by seasonal and moisture conditions. This may vary from April to May. Late summer and fall seedings should be conducted while adequate moisture is still in the soil to assure establishment before freezing. Management Management for forage is aimed at maintaining 40% to 50% clover. Close grazing (2 inch stubble height) favors clover, whereas light grazing favors grass. Well-fertilized grass will outgrow clover in fall and winter and could smother the clover. Spring applications of nitrogen will stimulate grass and provide early feed, but excessive rates are detrimental to the clover stand. Phosphate applications are broadcast in fall or spring according to soil tests. Sulfur, boron, or magnesium may be needed for maximum production on some soils in the western part of white clover s range.

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87 Resolute White Clover Outstanding persistence High forage production Designed for continuous and rotational grazing systems Aggressive stolon activity Excellent seedling vigor Improved drought tolerance Widely adapted Winterhardy Resolute is an intermediate white clover that was developed from a western Georgia ecotype population. This ecotype population was selected based on its persistence under grazing, summer-drought and heat stress. Resolute has outstanding persistence when compared to other intermediate and ladino white clovers and will successfully persist in tall fescue and bermudagrass grazing systems over a long period of time. Resolute has higher forage production when compared to other intermediate white clovers and higher total forage production than ladino white clovers in long term tests. The persistence of Resolute, coupled with its ability to provide a greater percentage of clover in the available forage supply, results in higher animal gains when compared to ladino cultivars. Seeding Rate: 6-8 lbs. per acre/alone 2-4 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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89 PINNACLE Ladino Clover Resistant to leaf diseases and field viruses High forage yields Ideal for pastures Superior persistence Excellent seedling vigor Aggressive stolon activity Drought tolerant Widely adapted Pinnacle is a new ladino clover variety developed for today s high performance pasture needs. Look for excellent establishment and seedling vigor along with cool season productivity and the aggressive season long growth necessary to maximize grazing. Pinnacle has a very upright growth habit with numerous fine stems and large dark green leaves. This variety was bred for superior persistence and can stand up to leaf disease and virus pressure. Pinnacle is adapted throughout the United States and Canada, wherever ladino clovers are grown. Seeding Rate: 6-8 lbs. per acre/alone 2-4 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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91 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Pinnacle Resistant to leaf diseases and field viruses High forage yields Ideal for pastures Superior persistence Aggressive stolon activity Drought tolerant Widely adapted Excellent seedling vigor Pinnacle is a new ladino clover variety developed for today s high performance pasture needs. Look for excellent establishment and seedling vigor along with cool season productivity and the aggressive season long growth necessary to maximize grazing. Pinnacle has a very upright growth habit with numerous fine stems and large dark green leaves. This variety was bred for superior persistence and can stand up to leaf disease and virus pressure. Pinnacle is adapted throughout the United States and Canada, wherever ladino clovers are grown. Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Excellent Growth Habit: Prostrate, stoloniferous Type of Stem: Hollow, hairy stems & branches Leaf Description: 3 leaflets Flowers: florets Flower Color: white with pink hue Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Ease of Establishment: Drought Stress: Wet Soil: Planting Rates: Perennial Fair-Good Excellent Good Bushel Weight: 60 lb Seeds Per Pound: 768,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure With Grass North: Seeds/Sq Ft

92 Quality Data Pinnacle Ladino Clover: Adaptation and Distribution White clover thrives best in a cool, moist climate on soils with ample lime, phosphate, and potash. In general, white clover is best adapted to clay and silt soils in humid and irrigated areas. It grows successfully on sandy soils with a high water table or irrigated droughty soils when adequately fertilized. White clover seldom roots deeper than 2 feet, which makes it adapted to shallow soils when adequate moisture is available. Establishment The standard seeding rate is 2 to 4 pounds/acre, planted at a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch. For pasture establishment, seeds are drilled into a well-prepared seedbed that has been plowed, harrowed, and compacted to produce a firm seedbed. The seeds are inoculated before seeding. For stabilization use, seeds are broadcast on roadside cuts and fills by cyclone seeders hydroseeders, or blower-type equipment. The proper time of seeding is determined by seasonal and moisture conditions. This may vary from April to May. Late summer and fall seedings should be conducted while adequate moisture is still in the soil to assure establishment before freezing. Management Management for forage is aimed at maintaining 40% to 50% clover. Close grazing (2 inch stubble height) favors clover, whereas light grazing favors grass. Well-fertilized grass will outgrow clover in fall and winter and could smother the clover. Spring applications of nitrogen will stimulate grass and provide early feed, but excessive rates are detrimental to the clover stand. Phosphate applications are broadcast in fall or spring according to soil tests. Sulfur, boron, or magnesium may be needed for maximum production on some soils in the western part of white clover s range.

93 Farm Science Genetics Birdsfoot Trefoil Uses Forage: Birdsfoot Trefoil is used as a high quality, non- bloating legume for pastures, hay and stock-piling. Erosion control: Birdsfoot Trefoil is often used for mine reclamation and other sites with marginal soils. Wildlife: Birdsfoot Trefoil is used in wildlife mixes and is an excellent food source for deer. Description Lotus corniculatus L., Birdsfoot Trefoil is a short-lived, non- bloating perennial legume which has the ability to reseed itself under proper management. Stems are smaller in diameter and less rigid than alfalfa stems and can grow to a height of 12 to 30 inches depending on whether it is a prostrate or erect variety. Flowers are bright yellow (4 to 8 per stem) with each flower producing one seed pod. Seed pods radiate from the flower stalk, resembling a bird s foot. Leaves are compound with five oval leaflets. Birdsfoot Trefoil has a well developed tap root with numerous lateral branches in the upper 15 inches of soil. There are approximately 370,000 seeds/pound. Adaptation and Distribution Birdsfoot Trefoil is found from the south central United States to southern Canada. It is most productive in fertile, well drained soils with a close to neutral ph. However, Birdsfoot Trefoil can be grown on low ph (5.5) soils with low fertility and will tolerate short periods of flooding better than alfalfa. It can tolerate periods of drought and is more suited to soils prone to heaving. Alfalfa will out produce Birdsfoot Trefoil by 50 to 80 percent on well drained, fertile soils limiting birdsfoot trefoil to areas where alfalfa is difficult to produce. Establishment Birdsfoot Trefoil should be inoculated before planting to ensure sufficient nodulation of the root system for nitrogen fixation. A smooth, firm seedbed is recommended. Seeding depth should not be more than ¼ inch. The seeding rate is 8 to 10 pounds/acre for pure stands and 2 to 8 pounds per acre in mixes, depending on the cool season grasses utilized. Early spring seeding is generally more successful than late summer seeding. Management When harvested for hay, the first cutting should be taken at 1/10 bloom with a second cutting in mid to late August. To maintain a stand of birdsfoot trefoil, it is necessary to use a management system that provides sufficient regrowth between cuttings and allows the plant to reseed itself. Heavy grazing may be needed in the spring to reduce growth but close continuous grazing is not recommended because summer regrowth depends on energy supplied by top growth not root reserves like alfalfa. Leave 3 to 4 inches of top growth when grazing. Avoid haying or grazing between September 1st and the first killing frost to allow root reserves to accumulate for better winter survival and spring growth. Birdsfoot Trefoil is well suited for stockpiling since it maintains its leaves at maturity and after frosts. Birdsfoot trefoil responds to proper fertility management which should be determined by soil testing.

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95 Vastly improved winter survival over other trefoil varieties Heaving tolerant High level of Fusarium wilt resistance Upright growth habit Earlier flowering than Norcen Fast recovery after cutting Higher yield over life of stand than other varieties Developed by Cornell University Performs on poorly drained soils Widely adapted with proven performance, Pardee birdsfoot trefoil was developed by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station in Ithaca, NY. This upright, hay-type variety has an earlier maturity than both Norcen and Viking. Pardee was derived from a mixture of trefoil varieties and plant introductions. This genetic material was selected for vigor and resistance to Fusarium wilt. The result is a forage with greater disease resistance, better stand persistence and higher yields. Pardee can be used on poorly drained soils but will perform well on good soils, too. It has vastly improved winter survival over other trefoil varieties and recovers quickly after cutting. All of these characteristics contribute to higher yields over the life of the stand when compared to other varieties. In 1999 yield trials in New York, Pardee was the highest yielding variety in the first production year, was 37% more resistant to Fusarium wilt than unselected experimental varieties and 17% more resistant than Norcen and had the greatest number of plants per square foot in the first production year. Seeding Rate: 8-10 lbs. per acre/alone 2-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts

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97 Norcen was developed through cooperative efforts of participants in North Central Region Project NC-83, Seed Production of Breeding Lines of Insect Pollinated Legumes. Norcen is a synthetic variety developed from 9 selected clones originating from breeding programs of the Illinois, Iowa and Missouri agricultural experiment stations. Three parent clones came from each state. Norcen is a high forage yielder with great persistence under several harvest frequencies ranging from 1-4 harvests per year in trials in Minnesota and Missouri. Norcen is a very winter hardy trefoil with a higher hardiness than Fergus, Dawn, Viking & Empire. Intermediate growth habit has made Norcen a good seed producer. Seeding Rate: 8-10 lbs. per acre/alone 4-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI (608) (608) fax (800) watts Norcen Birdsfoot Trefoil

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99 Farm Science Genetics Smooth Brome Uses Livestock: Smooth Brome may be used for hay, pasture, silage or stockpiling. It is compatible with alfalfa or other adapted legumes. The grass is highly palatable and is high in protein content and relatively low in crude-fiber content. Erosion control: Since the plant has a massive root system and is a sod former, it can be used effectively for critical area planting and waterways if the areas can be irrigated or where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches. Description Bromus inermis Leyss., smooth brome, is a leafy, sod-forming, perennial, cool season grass that spreads by rhizomes. The stems vary in height from 2 to 4 feet. The plant produces numerous basal and stem leaves that vary in length from 4 to 10 inches. Frequently, the leaves are marked by a transverse wrinkle resembling a W a short distance below the tip. The flower head develops a characteristic rich purplish brown color when mature. The seed is produced in semi-compact 5 inch long panicles with ascending branches. The flat compressed seed is usually awnless, about 1/3 inches long, and smooth. There are approximately 135,000 seeds/ pound. Smooth brome is the most widely used of the cultivated bromegrasses and has been cultivated in the U.S. since the early 1880s. Adaptation and Distribution Smooth Brome is best adapted to cooler climates and is generally hardier than Tall Fescue or orchardgrass. It is resistant to drought and extremes in temperature. Smooth Brome is susceptible to disease in areas of high humidity. Smooth Brome grows best on slightly acidic to slightly alkaline well-drained clay loam soils with high fertility but it will also grow well on lighter textured soils where adequate moisture and fertility are maintained. Smooth Brome performs best in a ph range of 6.0 to 7.5. Stands are difficult to obtain and growth is poor on soils high in soluble salts. Establishment A clean firm seedbed is needed. Due to the slow germination and establishment of smooth brome, spring seedings are especially preferred in the northern states. In southern areas, late summer seedings are a second option. Fall seedings should be made at least 6 weeks before a killing frost is expected. Seeding rates are typically 3-10 pounds/acre in mixtures, and about 5 to 20 pounds/acre when seeded alone. When Smooth Brome is seeded in a mixture with alfalfa, the alternate row method will give the best results. Seeding depth is approximately ½ inch. If broadcast increase the seeding rate and cultipack after planting. Management Smooth Brome requires heavy early spring and fall applications of nitrogen to maintain high yields in a pure stand. Mixtures with Alfalfa will require less nitrogen but the alfalfa will usually need phosphorus each year to maintain vigor. Best forage production is obtained from smooth brome when used in a planned cropping system and plowed out after 3 to 4 years. Its heavy sod makes it an excellent soil conditioning crop when included in cropping systems. In deep, well-drained soils, it will root to 4 feet. Smooth brome performs best in grassed waterways, field borders, and other conservation uses where the forage can be cut and removed while in early bloom. Do not graze the new seeding; cut the first crop for hay. In bromegrass-legume pastures, allow the legume to go to bud or early-bloom stage before turning cattle in to avoid bloat hazard, and manage thereafter for optimum regrowth of the legume. Pastures should not be grazed prior to smooth brome attaining a minimum height of 10 inches at the beginning of the grazing season. Grazing pressures should be adjusted throughout the season to avoid grazing this grass to less than a minimum height of 4 inches.

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101 Superior vigor Winter hardy Persistent Outstanding dry matter yields Highly resistant to foliage diseases Excellent seed quality Quick recovery after cutting Highly palatable Developed by Cornell University Achieve higher yields throughout the season with Peak smooth bromegrass, an improved and proven product from Farm Science Genetics. Developed by Cornell University, this cool-season hay and pasture forage grass is designed for use in combination with other grasses and legumes. Developed specifically for persistence and yield, this bromegrass features superior vigor, good winter hardiness, foliage disease resistance and excellent seed quality. Growing 20 to 40 inches tall, Peak smooth bromegrass produces higher dry matter yields, recovers quickly after cutting, and is highly palatable to livestock. Tons/Acre Dry Matter Yield 2000 Rock Springs, Centre County, Pennsylvania Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center Sown 4/21/99 Cut 1 5/8-6/6 Cut 2 6/ Cut 3 7/20-8/16 Cut 4 10/2 Peak Saratoga Bromegrass Trials Planted in 1999 in Ithaca, NY (Yield tons/acre at 0% moisture) Peak 5.54 York 5.49 Alpha 5.48 Saratoga 5.44 Badger 5.43 Radisson 4.98 LSD 0.44 Ontario, Canada Yield (kg/ha) Baylor Peak Mean 11,469 12,261 Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 5-10 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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103 Meadow bromegrass is an ideal pasture grass because of its high yields, rapid regrowth and excellent season long forage quality. Meadow bromegrass gives high forage yields uniformly throughout the growing season. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 5-10 lbs per acre/mixture Growth Habits Meadow bromegrass is a Canadian variety developed at Agriculture Canada Research Station, Saskatoon, SK. Meadow bromegrass has narrower leaves than smooth bromegrass, and short hairs cover them. Regrowth of the meadow bromegrass is from the base of the leaf after grazing. This means regrowth is much faster than smooth bromegrass, which must grow from tillers. Meadow bromegrass leaves retain their greenness into the fall, and can be grazed until mid October. Meadow bromegrass is a non-creeping grass and unlike smooth bromegrass, it will not crowd out alfalfa or other grasses in the pasture. Performance For Pasture: Meadow bromegrass begins to grow early in the spring and is ready to graze before most pasture grasses. Meadow bromegrasses can be rotationally grazed throughout the spring and summer and is superior for fall grazing because it grows well under cool conditions. Meadow bromegrass is often used as a dual-purpose forage crop; one cut of hay and then fall pasture. For Hay: Meadow bromegrass is best suited for combined hay and pasture use in areas of higher rainfall. Meadow bromegrass usually yields less than smooth bromegrass under a one or two cut haying system. Adaptation Meadow bromegrass is best adapted to black, dark brown and gray wooded soils. Meadow bromegrass adapts well in clay, loam and sandy soils, but cannot withstand long periods of flooding or high salinity levels Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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105 Farm Science Genetics Tall Fescue Uses Forage/Pasture: For decades KY-31 Tall Fescue was planted widely as a forage and erosion control plant because it is widely adapted, easy to establish and long lived under harsh conditions and mistreatment. It is now recognized that the presence of a toxic endophyte contributed to both the tough nature of KY31 and the poor performance of grazing animals in the warmer months. It is suspected that endophyte infected KY31 has been deleterious to wildlife as well. Today, there are many varieties of Tall Fescue that are low endophyte or endophyte free, which can be used for hay or pastures without any of the animal health concerns posed by endophyte infected KY31. Tall Fescue testing services are available to have existing stands of this grass evaluated for endophyte presence. Turf: Tall fescue has excellent wearability, is shade tolerant, drought tolerant and has lower maintenance requirements than other turfgrasses. By using improved turf varieties, a very attractive lawn is attainable. Description Tall fescue is a robust long-lived, comparatively deep rooted, bunchgrass. The broad flat leaves are smooth and shiny on the underside, with pronounced ribs on the upper surface. The stems are 3-4 feet tall, supporting a nodding panicle that is 4 to 12 inches long. There are approximately 227,000 seeds/ pound. Adaptation and Distribution Tall fescue is adapted to cool and humid climates and most soils with a ph of 5.5 to 7.0. Tall fescue will grow fairly well on soils low in fertility, but it is better adapted to fertile conditions. Tall fescue will produce top growth when soils are as cold as 40 F, and it continues growth into late fall in the south. Establishment Tall fescue is easy to establish due to its rapid germination and good seedling vigor. It may be planted by any common method such as grass seeders, hydroseeding, and broadcasting. For forage or pastures, seeding rates are pounds/acre if drilled and pounds/acre if broadcast. The seeding depth is 1/2 inch. Turf seeding rates are 7-8 pounds/1000 sq. ft. for new lawns, and 4-5 pounds/1000 sq. ft. for established lawns. Management While tall fescue is tolerant of abuse and low fertility, it does respond to fertilizer inputs. Follow the soil test recommendations for turf and forage uses. Endophyte-infected tall fescue will tolerate grazing abuse better than most cool season grasses. If the tall fescue is an endophyte-free variety, it should not be grazed closer than 3 inches, and will not tolerate overgrazing. Tall fescue can be grown with white clover, red clover and alfalfa. First cutting for hay should be at the late boot stage with further cuttings as regrowth allows. Tall fescue is one of the best grasses for stockpiling in the fall. When used for turf, mowing height should be 2-3. Mow frequently enough so no more than 1/3 of the total leaf surface area is removed. Fertility requirements are low to medium. Disease control measures may be needed depending on conditions during the growing season.

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107 High-yielding, endophyte-free variety Excellent hay and pasture variety Perfect for winter stockpiling Very good persistence Very good drought tolerance Wide area of adaptation Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture Enhance tall fescue is endophyte-free, eliminating concerns that animals feeding on it will develop feeding disorders like fescue foot, bovine fat necrosis, or fescue toxicosis. Enhance can be utilized in pure stands or in combination with legumes such as white clover, red clover, alfalfa, or lespedeza. It also makes outstanding hay when harvested prior to maturity. Stubble height should be 3 to 4 inches when grazed or hayed. Tall fescue maintains nutritive value better than other cool season grasses, which allows growth to be stockpiled in the field for winter grazing. Tall fescue can be grown successfully on a wide range of soil types and can tolerate ph levels from 4.7 to 9.5. PERFORMANCE DATA FORAGE YIELD North South Total ENTRY L/Y %Mean L/Y % Mean L/Y %Mean Enhance KY Select PERFORMANCE DATA FORAGE QUALITY Entry No. Cuts CP (%Mean) RFV (%Mean) Enhance KY Select Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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109 Meadow fescue is ideal for pasture production on fertile, heavier soils. Major Advantages Good yields Winter hardy Earlier maturity Good tolerance to acid soils Variety Characteristics Meadow fescue has a basal growth habit and will grow 15 to 30 inches. It has good flood and drought tolerance with a solid root system. Potential dry matter yields are 2.0 to 4.5 tons/acre. Crop Management Uses: Meadow fescue is well suited for pasture production and often used in mixtures. Seeding rate: Pure stands 8-12 lbs/acre. Mixtures 2-10 lbs/acre. Time of seeding: Early spring, late summer and late fall for dormant seeding. Depth of seeding: Maximum 1 inch Fertility: Responds well to N. Applications of P.K.S. help prolong stands where soils are deficient. Harvesting: Do not overgraze. Early spring grazing best with continued grazing into the fall Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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111 Attractive green color Considered drought resistant Handles traffic well More heat tolerant to high temperatures Low Maintenance Wide area of adaptation Ky-31 is one of the older proven varieties with a light green, coarse texture. Ky-31 remains popular still because of it s lower price and good overall usage qualities (drought/wear/easy establishment). Ky-31 was originally released for planting in pastures, it still is used extensively for pasture and seed production. Ky-31 s deep root system allows it to take a beating and spring right back up for more, making it ideal for heavy traffic or recreation areas. Hot summers and cold winters aren t a threat to Ky-31 as it s deep root system helps it resist the drought better than typical lawn grasses. During the fall your Ky-31 will remain greener longer. Forage Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-8 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts Ky-31 Tall Fescue

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113 Attractive green color Handles traffic well More heat tolerant to high temperatures Low Maintenance Wide area of adaptation Grows to 4.5 ft. Planting rate: lb/acre or 1-2 lb/1000 sq ft. (No inoculant needed) Fawn (Festuca arundinacea) Developed in 1954 for increased pasture forage yield. A good choice for mixing into pastures where short dry periods may occur. Tolerates poor drainage, alkalinity and salinity. In orchards, vineyards, bush berries or other no-till irrigated growing situations, permanent perennial cover crops are a good choice. Perennial clovers are the most widely used varieties of perennial cover crops as they are low-growing nitrogen-fixers that require very little maintenance. Alfalfa also fixes nitrogen and has the added benefit of providing large amounts of top growth used for hay, mulch or compost. Grasses are useful in situations where nitrogen-fixation is not required or desired. They can be mixed with legumes, but the legumes in the mix should not exceed 25% if the mix will be regularly mown, as they tend to overtake the grasses. When irrigating perennial cover crops, use a deep-watering cycle to encourage roots to forage deeply for water, so that they can survive through dry periods. COVER CROP BENEFITS Cover crops, also known as green manures, are one of the cornerstones of ecologically sensible agriculture. Cover crops provide outstanding benefits for the soil, crop and grower including: Increasing earthworm and beneficial microorganism activity Bringing deep rooted minerals to the surface for other crops Increasing the soil's plant-available Nitrogen Increasing the soil's moisture-holding capacity Providing habitat, nectar & pollen for beneficial insects Improving water, root and air penetration in the soil Choking out weeds Providing aesthetic value and color Breaking up subsoil and plowsoles Stabilizing the soil to prevent erosion Reducing populations of pest organisms Increasing organic matter content 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts Fawn Tall Fescue

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115 Farm Science Genetics Orchardgrass Uses Livestock: Orchardgrass may be used for hay, pasture or silage. It is highly palatable to all classes of livestock. Orchardgrass is one of the best forage grasses for use in pastures and in combination with alfalfa or red clover for hay. Erosion control: Because of its dense network of roots, orchardgrass provides good erosion control on those soils to which it is particularly adapted. Wildlife: Orchardgrass is used in grass-legume mixes for nesting, broad rearing, escape and winter cover for upland game birds and conservation plantings. Description Dactylis glomerata L., Orchardgrass, is a persistent, cool season bunchgrass. Under dry land conditions, it usually develops distinct clumps and flower culms 15 to 18 inches tall. Leaves are usually less than 12 inches in height. When grown under irrigation or in more moist situations, it attains a height of inches. No vegetative spread has been observed. Orchardgrass is one of the earliest species to grow in the spring, making tremendous growth during cool conditions. Due to deep roots, it also is capable of strong summer growth when conditions are favorable. Orchardgrass has 416,000 seeds per pound. Adaptation and Distribution Orchardgrass is found from Canada to the Gulf Coast states and from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. However, orchardgrass is not as winter hardy as smooth brome or timothy. Orchardgrass performs well on different textured soils ranging from clay to gravely loams and on shallow to deep soils. does not grow well in saline soils and areas with high water tables. It has the ability to establish and persist in areas that receive as little as 11 inches of annual precipitation. Orchardgrass performs best in a ph range of Establishment A clean, firm, weed-free seedbed is recommended. Range and erosion control seedings should be made in the late fall or very early spring. Do not seed after the spring moisture period is well advanced or a failure may occur because of drought and hot summer conditions before the grass is well established. A deep furrow or range drill with press wheels may be used. Orchardgrass is easily established with grain drills or by broadcasting seeding. The seeding rate is 8 to 12 pounds/acre. For range and critical area treatment a seeding rate of 3 to 4 pounds/acre is recommended. If broadcast, double the seeding rate. Adjustments in seeding rate should be made when seeding in mixtures. Seeding depth should not be more than ½ inch. Management Under irrigation and higher rainfall areas, orchardgrass should be cut at boot stage for the first cutting and then at 4 to 6 week intervals depending on regrowth. Rotational grazing is best for production, persistence and quality. Fields should be grazed heavily and frequently during the spring, but do not overgraze. Leave a 3- to 4-inch stubble so plants can recover quickly. Heavy grazing during the late fall should be avoided to prevent depletion of root reserves. Under dry land conditions, orchardgrass should not be grazed until late summer or fall of the second growing season. The plants may be severely damaged by overgrazing especially in the seedling year. Use no more than 60% of the annual growth during the winter season or 50% during the growing season. This plant responds well to rotational grazing systems. Orchardgrass responds to good fertility management. One strategy, to even out the forage production, is to fertilize the stand after the first and second cutting or grazing to boost late spring and summer production. Apply fertilizer based upon soil tests.

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117 Superior yield Late maturity Stem Rust resistance Great palatability Perfect for alfalfa or clover mixes Increased stand persistence Excellent plant vigor Drought tolerant Planting Suggestions Planting rate (pure stand) lbs./acre Planting rate (alfalfa mix) 3-6 lbs./acre Planting rate (clover mix) 10 lbs./acre Planting depth 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep Seeding (Spring) Mar 1 May 15 Seeding (Summer) Aug 1 Sept 15 Soil Type Moderate Well-drained Minimum soil ph 5.5 Management Suggestions Fertilization: Nitrogen should be applied in split applications during early spring and fall and after first cutting. Adequate phosphorus and potassium are also necessary for top production. Hay Cutting Schedule: First cutting in Spring should be done before head emergence (boot stage). Later cuttings can be made 4 6 week intervals, depending on conditions. Grazing: Rotational grazing is preferred for best production, persistence and quality. Fields should be grazed heavily and frequently (every days) during the rapid spring growth period, but overgrazing should be avoided. Leave a 3-4 inch stubble for quickest recovery. Extend mixes well with other species adapted to intensive grazing Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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119 Farm Science Genetics Perennial Ryegrass Uses Forage/Pasture: Perennial ryegrass is a valuable forage and soil stabilization plant. This species is the predominant forage grass in Europe and is used extensively in the United States. Perennial ryegrass is used for pasture and hay in sheep, dairy and beef production. It is often used in mixes with alfalfa, clovers and other grasses. Perennial ryegrass has the highest forage quality of all cool season grasses. Turf: Perennial ryegrass turf varieties are quick and easy to establish, heat tolerant, dark green and have a very fine leaf texture. They make a very attractive lawn although maintenance requirements are higher than other turfgrasses. Perennial Ryegrass is also used for Winter overseeding of bermudagrass lawns in the southern U.S. Description Lolium perenne L., Perennial Ryegrass is a bunchgrass which grows from 1 to 2 feet tall, and has medium longevity. There are numerous long, narrow, stiff leaves near the base of the plant. The under surfaces of leaves are bright, glossy, and smooth. Inflorescence stems are nearly naked. Seed heads are spikes with spikelets growing edgewise to the seed head stem. Seeds do not have awns (bristles). There are approximately 330,000 seeds per pound. Adaptation and Distribution These grasses have a wide range of adaptability to soils, but thrive best on fertile soils with a ph between 5.5 and 6.5. They produce well in regions having mild climates. They do not withstand hot, dry weather or severe winters. They will stand fairly wet soils with reasonably good surface drainage. Perennial ryegrass is distributed throughout the entire United States. Establishment Seed should be planted 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep in a well prepared seedbed. Spring seedings of ryegrass may occur in March, April, or May. Perennial ryegrass may also be seeded mid-august to early September. For forage or pastures, a rate of 30 to 40 pounds per acre is used if ryegrass is seeded alone. In mixtures, 6 to 10 pounds per acre is recommended, depending upon uses and companion species. In general, the perennial ryegrass component of a mix should be 20% or less since it is very competitive, due to rapid germination and good seedling vigor. Turf seeding rates are 5-7 pounds per 1000 sq. ft. for new lawns, 3-4 pounds per 1000 sq. ft. for established lawns and pounds/1000 sq. ft. for overseeding. Management Ryegrass is generally cut for hay when seed heads start to emerge. Pastures should be rotationally grazed when spring growth is 3 to 6 inches high. Allowing 7 to 10 inches of regrowth between grazings will benefit yield and persistence. On new seedings, harvest or grazing should be delayed until plants are 10 to 12 inches tall. Ryegrass responds well to good management, such as intensive rotational grazing and fertilizer applications. When used for turf, mowing height should be 1-2. Mow frequently enough so no more than 1/3 of the total leaf area is removed. Perennial ryegrass requires moderate to high watering and moderate to high fertilizer requirements. Disease control measures may be needed depending on conditions during the growing season.

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121 Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 4-8 lbs per acre/mixture Superior yields of high-quality forage Forage is highly palatable, digestible and nutritious for all livestock Extremely high animal performance from pasture or silage Persistent Vigorous, dark-green plants with high disease resistance Excellent seedling vigor for fast establishment of dense stands Endophyte-free Boost is a fantastic new tetraploid perennial ryegrass which shows remarkable yields and vigor in trials throughout the US. Livestock producers' profit potential is greatly enhanced by the superior yield and feed quality of this exciting new variety. Boost was developed from a seven- clone polycross of plants derived from four proven tetraploid varieties. It falls in the medium maturity range for perennial ryegrasses. Boost had the top total dry matter yield among 20 perennial varieties in a recent multi-state trial. Boost yielded 108.5% of the trial mean, which is a 3% advantage over the 2nd place perennial variety. Boost also excelled for regrowth compared to the other varieties making it the best choice for producing tremendous tonnage of highly digestible ryegrass forage. Boost is endophyte free and is an ideal component for horse, dairy or beef pasture mixes. It is fast to germinate and establish, making it ideal for pasture renovation whether by cultivation or no-till seeding. The rapid establishment and strong spring and fall growth makes Boost a great choice for mixing with deeply rooted perennial grass species in pasture, silage and hay mixtures. Boost shows strong rust and leaf disease resistance allowing its forage to remain palatable and digestible so animal performance is maintained. Give your forage an extra boost in performance and quality with Boost perennial ryegrass Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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123 Farm Science Genetics Festulolium Uses Festulolium is a hybrid cross between the Festuca and Lolium species. The agronomic benefits of festulolium started to gain acceptance in the late 1950 s with demand steadily increasing over the years. Festulolium is mainly utilized in pastures for grazing and stockpiling, either in mixes or pure stands. Silage and green chop are other major uses. Benefits include higher forage yields than perennial ryegrass, forage quality similar to perennial ryegrass, increased mid summer growth compared to other cool season grasses, high disease resistance, winterhardiness and persistence. Description Festulolium is a perennial bunchgrass which has the combined traits of the Festuca and Lolium species. The expression of these traits varies by variety. There are approximately 227,000 seeds per pound. Adaptation and Distribution Festulolium is adapted to cool humid climates as well as less humid climates with supplemental irrigation. Festulolium does well on fertile soils with a ph of 5.5 to 7.0 but is not recommended for poorly drained soils or soils with poor fertility. Establishment Festulolium is easy to establish due to its rapid germination and seedling vigor. Seeding rates are 25 to 45 pounds per acre if seeded alone and 8 to 20 pounds if used in mixtures. Seeding depth is 1/4 inch. Management In general, 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year will be adequate to maintain a good stand of festulolium. The rule of thumb is to apply 1/3 of the nitrogen in the spring with the balance evenly applied after each harvest or grazing period. Festulolium performs best under a rotational grazing system and should be grazed down to 3 to 4 inches when plants reach a height of 10 to 12 inches. For silage or green chop, festulolium needs to be cut before seed heads emerge for optimum forage quality.

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125 Very high yielding Fast germination & establishment Vigorous regrowth Palatable & nutritious Minimizes summer slump Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 8-20 lbs per acre/mixture Gain is a vigorous, high yielding festulolium (meadow fescue x Italian ryegrass) which is ideally suited for silage and pasture production from the Pacific Northwest to the Atlantic Northeast states. Gain has a leafy growth habit producing forage that is highly palatable and digestible. Gain is a great choice when you need a fast-starting, high forage-quality grass for silage or pasture, either mixed with legumes or as a pure stand. Pure stand seeding rates are from 30 to 45 lbs per acre. Seeding rates in mixtures are from 8 to 20 lbs per acre. A seeding rate of 5 to 7 lbs per acre may be used as a companion crop for establishing alfalfa, reed canarygrass, or other slower starting species to provide faster ground cover plus additional quality forage during the first year or two after seeding. Festuloliums are best adapted to soils with higher organic matter content and moisture levels. Their yields are responsive to nitrogen fertility rates Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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127 Excellent Spring Growth High Hay Yields Good resistance to rusts & mildews Excellent Quality and Palatability Drought Tolerant Adapted to cutting Adapted to grazing Traffic Resistant Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 6-12 lbs per acre/mixture Kemal is a tetraploid Italian Ryegrass type festulolium derived from crosses between Italian ryegrass and Meadow fescue. It looks and behaves similar to an Italian ryegrass, but with better persistence. This unique perennial forage grass combines high yield potential with outstanding nutritional value to provide an excellent pasture for sheep, dairy or beef production. Combining good resistance to rust and other diseases with excellent germination and seedling vigor and fast recovery after cutting or grazing. Kemal is ideal in mixed pastures containing white clover or subclover Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts Kemal Festulolium

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129 Farm Science Genetics Teff (Summer Lovegrass) Uses Teff is mainly utilized for hay in pure stands or as an emergency hay crop. Other uses include grazing, silage, erosion control and green manure. Description Teff is a warm season annual grass native to Ethiopia. Plants are fine stemmed with large crowns and many tillers. Roots are shallow and develop a massive fibrous root system. Plant height at maturity is typically 3 to 4 feet, but varies depending on variety and environmental conditions. When harvested at the proper stage, crude protein will normally be in the 15% to 20% range. Teff has an open panicle type seed head. There are approximately 1.3 million seeds per pound. When seed is coated at 50% there are approximately 650,000 seeds per pound. Establishment Teff is easy to establish due to its rapid germination (3 to 6 days) provided seed is planted in a firm seedbed and soil temperature is 65 F or higher. Seeding rates are 8 to 12 coated pounds per acre or 4 to 6 raw pounds per acre at a seeding depth of 1/8 to 1/4 inch. Planting deeper will usually result in a complete stand failure. Stand failures may also occur when planting after small grains unless the stubble is thoroughly incorporated into the soil. Initial growth is slow until a good root system has been established. Management In general, 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre per year at planting will be adequate for good forage production. Small amounts of nitrogen may be needed after each cutting, however too much nitrogen causes severe lodging. Soil testing is important since teff needs adequate phosphorous, potassium and sulfur for optimum growth. For optimum forage quality, teff should be harvested in the pre-boot to early boot stage, approximately 45 to 50 days after planting at a cutting height of 3 to 4 inches. Harvest regrowth in 30 to 45 days depending on environmental conditions.

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131 Very high yielding warm season annual for age grass variety Excellent palatability and forage quality Ideal for horses and other livestock Great for use as an emergency forage crop and for double cropping Good for interseeding thin alfalfa stands in final year of production Excellent rotational crop when replacing alfalfa or perennial grass stands Can be used as a green manure crop and for erosion control Dessie Teff is a new warm season annual grass variety developed for high forage production and forage quality without the problems of other summer annual grasses such as prussic acid or nitrate buildup. Dessie makes the ideal hay for horses with great palatability, digestibility, a mineral content high in calcium and iron and an attractive green color which is important for the premium horse hay market. Dessie is widely adapted throughout the United States and will tolerate drought conditions as well as wet soils. Dessie is a low input crop that has very few disease or pest problems and does not require high amounts of fertilizer for optimum production. Remember, for profitable summer forage production, Dessie is the answer. Management Recommendations Planting: Plant after all risk of frost has passed. Typically late May through late July. Teff does not germinate well in cool soils Seeding rate 8 to 12 lbs/acre for coated seed Broadcast or drill Firm seedbed Seeding depth 1/8 to 1/4 inch Emergence in 3 to 6 days under optimum conditions Fertilizer: Teff needs adequate Phosphorous, Potassium and Sulfur SOIL TEST 50 pounds Nitrogen per acre at planting. Small amounts of N may be needed after each cutting, however too much N causes severe lodging. Harvest: For optimum quality, harvest in pre-boot to early boot stage, approximately 45 to 50 days after planting Harvest regrowth in 40 to 45 days depending on location and environmental conditions Cutting height 3 to 4 inches Seeding Rate: 8-12 lbs. per acre/coated 4-6 lbs per acre/raw Soil Temperature should be at least 65 F 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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133 Farm Science Genetics Annual (Italian) Ryegrass Uses Annual (Italian) Ryegrass is primarily used for pastures and quick cover in erosion control plantings. In the south, it is used as a winter annual for overseeding warm season grasses. Description Lolium perenne spp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot, Annual Ryegrass is quite similar to perennial ryegrass except it is an annual or biennial, depending on climate and/or length of growing season. It may grow a little taller than perennial ryegrass, from 2 to 3 feet tall. Annual ryegrass is a bunch-grass, with numerous long, narrow, stiff leaves near the base of the plant. The under surfaces of leaves are bright, glossy, and smooth. Inflorescence stems are nearly naked. There are approximately 224,000 seeds/pound. Adaptation These grasses have a wide range of adaptability to soils, but thrive best on fertile soils with a ph between 5.5 and 6.5. They produce well in regions having mild climates. They do not withstand hot, dry weather or severe winters. They will stand fairly wet soils with reasonably good surface drainage. Annual Ryegrass is distributed throughout the entire United States. Establishment Seed should be planted ¼ to ½ inch deep in a well prepared seedbed. Spring seedings of ryegrass may occur in March, April, or May. Annual Ryegrass may also be seeded mid-august to early November, depending on the location. Generally, a rate of 30 to 40 pounds per acre is used if ryegrass is seeded alone. In mixtures, 6 to 10 pounds per acre is recommended, depending upon uses and companion species. In general, the annual ryegrass component of a mix should be 20% or less since it is very competitive, due to rapid germination and good seedling vigor. Management Ryegrass is generally cut for hay when seed heads start to emerge. Pastures should be rotationally grazed when spring growth is 3 to 6 inches high. Allowing 7 to 10 inches of regrowth between grazings will benefit yield and persistence. On new seedings, harvest or grazing should be delayed until plants are 10 to 12 inches tall. Ryegrass responds well to good management, such as intensive rotational grazing and fertilizer applications.

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135 Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 4-8 lbs per acre/mixture Quick establishment High yielding Consistent forage yield throughout season Excellent palatability Good crown rust resistance Improved cold tolerance Good transition back to warm-season grasses DH-3 diploid annual ryegrass is the result of a polycross between Marshall, Ribeye, and TAM90 annual ryegrasses. DH-3 combines the quick establishment and forage yield of Ribeye, the crown rust resistance of TAM90 and the frost tolerance and consistent yield of Marshall. Tested throught the South, DH-3 annual ryegrass is proving to be a real contender among new forage annual ryegrasses. DH-3 exhibits high forage yield, excellent seedling vigor, and medium maturity, allowing consistency in forage yield throughout the season with good transition back into warm-season forage grasses Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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137 Superior yield Quick establishment Increased stand persistence Drought tolerant Perfect for alfalfa or clover mixtures Highly palatable, digestible, and nutritious Optimizes animal performance Late maturity Great crown rust and stem rust resistance Excellent seedling vigor Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre/alone 4-8 lbs per acre/mixture Tetila (Italian) annual ryegrass can supply your grazing needs well into spring when warm-season grasses can take over. You may even get a bonus hay crop. Tetila is best when used as a cool-season pasture. Tetila has great crown and stem rust resistance. This tetraploid ryegrass is highly palatable and produces excellent yields with outstanding regrowth. Ryegrass is the cool-season grass species that provides the highest level of animal performance when measured as milk, lamb or beef. Its excellent seedling vigor helps ensure a good start for high milk-producing dairy pastures and great weight gains in beef herds on pasture. Tetila will often be ready to graze less than two months after planting, due to its quick establishment. Nitrogen should be applied in split applications during early spring and fall and after first cutting. Adequate phosphorus and potassium are also necessary for top production. First cutting in spring should be done before head emergence (boot stage). Later cuttings can be made at four to six week intervals, depending on conditions Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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139 Farm Science Genetics Reed Canarygrass Uses Forage: Reed canarygrass is primarily adapted for permanent hay or pasture on sites too wet for good performance of other forage plants. The forage should be grazed or mowed prior to heading as both quality and palatability decline rapidly after heading. A common mistake is to use reed canarygrass on wet sites where timely harvest is not possible. Make sure to use low alkaloid varieties for increased forage quality and palatability. Erosion control: The extensive, rhizomatous root system and dense growth of reed canarygrass provide excellent erosion control, especially along stream banks, shorelines and waterways. Reed canarygrass invades wet areas so its use along ditches, canals and drains can create maintenance problems; it can also be troublesome in wetland habitats. Wildlife: This grass provides excellent nesting and escape cover and the shattered seeds are readily eaten by many species of birds. Description Phalaris arundinacea L., reed canarygrass, is a vigorous, productive, long-lived, perennial, sodforming grass. It is a widespread species native to North America, Europe, and Asia. The numerous broad, moderately harsh, erect leaves are dominantly basal. The coarse, erect stems may reach a height of 6 to 8 feet. Seed is borne in an open panicle which ripens from the top down and shatters readily as it matures. There are approximately 480,000 seeds/pound. The seed has a short storage life and should be checked for germination within 6 months of its use. Reed canarygrass has excellent frost tolerance and is well suited to wet soils that are poorly drained or are subject to flooding. It also has good drought tolerance. Growth begins in early spring and continues through the growing season. Regrowth following mowing or grazing is rapid on fertile sites. Forage quality is good prior to heading but then declines rapidly. Adaptation and Distribution Reed canarygrass is adapted to soils too wet for bromegrass, fescue, and orchardgrass. It is very cold tolerant and will withstand temperatures well below 30 F. It is moderately drought tolerant but requires 18 inches annual precipitation or irrigation for good performance. It is adapted to a wide range of soil conditions but its major use is on poorly drained soils or those subject to inundation. Once established, it will withstand continuous inundation for 60 to 70 days. It does well on soils that range from moderately acidic to weakly saline-alkaline. It will tolerate saltier soils with frequent irrigation or natural flooding. Establishment A firm, moist, clean seedbed is needed for good emergence. The seed germinates readily but is somewhat slow to establish. Seed pure stands at a rate of 8 to 10 pounds/acre and 4 to 8 pounds/acre for mixtures. Seeding should be done in late fall or early spring. Plant shallow, no deeper than ½ inch. If necessary, irrigate to maintain surface moisture until plants are well established. Management New seedings should not be grazed until fully established. It is best to harvest for hay 1 to 2 times before grazing. To maintain plant vigor and promote rapid regrowth, leave a stubble of 3 to 4 inches after mowing or grazing. Start spring grazing after plants reach a height of 10 to 12 inches. Maintain grass height below 12 inches during rapid spring growth. Harvest hay when the first seedheads appear. Reed canarygrass will persist under close, frequent use, but yield will be greatly reduced. Its persistence under heavy use makes it well suited for calving, lambing, holding areas or other special-use pastures. To maintain good yields, an annual application of fertilizer will be required on most fields depending on soil test results.

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141 Leafy, high-yielding, perennial forage grass Widely adapted Persistent Performs well on wet, poorly-drained soils and soils with a ph below 6.0 Very drought tolerant variety that can be used for hay, silage, or pasture Low alkaloid Marathon has short rhizomes that spread, creating a dense sod. It has greater winter hardiness and is more resistant to foliar disease than other cool-season grasses. Use Marathon for hay, silage or pasture. When cut for hay or silage, quality is optimal before seed heads appear, and then rapidly declines. Forage yields are excellent in the spring and early summer and are fair to good in late summer and early fall. When used as pasture, grazing Marathon down to 3 to 4 inches above the ground will make the best utilization of the forage. Allow the grass to recover before re-grazing, always keeping the grass below 12 inches tall during rapid spring growth. Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre when seeded alone. When seeding Marathon Reed Canarygrass in a mixture with legumes, decrease the seeding rate to 6 to 8 lbs. per acre. Sow no deeper than 1/2 inch in a well-prepared, firm seed bed in the early spring or late summer. Ontario, Canada 1/11/2000 REED CANARYGRASS YIELD SUMMARY Yield (kg/ha) Palaton Marathon Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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143 Advantages Erect growth habit Winter hardy Tryptamine alkaloid free Excellent spring vigor Disease resistant Flood and drought tolerant Rival Reed canarygrass has a low alkaloid content that has a positive effect on animals, promoting better intake and greater weight gains over common reed canarygrass. Livestock Benefits Greater palatability Well balanced Highly nutritious Highly digestible Product Guide Preparation: Rival performs well on a wide range of soil types. It is the best choice for areas prone to flooding and requires no special attention. Seeding: Rival should be seeded lbs per acre/alone, 6-8 lbs. per acre/mixture. Seed with a drill to assure shallow seed placement (1/2 ) into a firm well prepared seedbed. If a companion crop is to be used, remove the crop early as green feed to ensure proper establishment. Rival can also successfully be seeded after removal of an early annual crop; provided you seed it before the middle of August and good rainfall follows. Weed control: Careful attention to weed control will improve stand establishment and productivity. Fertilization: Nitrogen fertilizer improves yield and quality of Rival Reed canarygrass tremendously. Soil testing for optimum fertilizer application is recommended. Harvesting: For the highest quality and best regrowth, Rival should be harvested at the late boot to early heading stage. As a pasture, Rival provides a lush, leafy regrowth and an unsurpassed spring growth Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts Rival Reed Canarygrass

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145 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) Rival No tryptamine and carboline, moderate gramine alkaloids. High yield potential combined with high palatability. Excellent for either droughty or extremely wet soils. Superior seedling vigor compared to other reed Canarygrasses. Rival was developed by the University of Manitoba, Canada. Laboratory evaluation of the selected plants revealed that no tryptamine or carboline alkaloids were present, and that the alkaloids, gramine and hordenine are present at a moderate concentration. With low levels of alkaloids present in the forage, the acceptance and palatability of Rival is good. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Good Growth Habit: Spreads by short rhizomes Recovery After Cutting: Slow Seasonal Production Peaks: North: May June South: April September Compatibility with Alfalfa: Fair-Good Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 47 lb Seeds Per Pound: 550,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure With Alfalfa North: South: Seeds/Sq Ft: Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type: Cool Season Winter Survival: Good-Excellent Stand Persistence: Moderate Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Slow Shade Tolerance: Good-Excellent Drought Stress: Good-Excellent Wet Soil: Good-Excellent Low ph Tolerance: Good Minimum ph: 6.0 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Good Silage: Good Continuous Grazing: Fair Rotational Grazing: Good Palatability: Good Anti-Quality: Alkaloids Strengths: High Yield * Good summer re-growth Excellent persistence * Good drought tolerance Excellent flooding tolerance * Resistant to most diseases Can spread vegetatively * Higher protein than other grasses Low-alkaloid varieties available

146 Quality Data Rival Reeds Canarygrass: Variety Selection: Reed Canarygrass is less winterhardy than Smooth Bromegrass, but is more winterhardy than Orchardgrass and Timothy. Seedbed: The natural habitat of Reed Canarygrass is poorly drained wet areas. It is extremely flood tolerant if the water is moving and the water temperature is low. Reed Canarygrass is also extremely drought tolerant. Tolerates a ph range of Is moderately tolerant of saline soils. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Do not plant in the fall, seedlings must have at least five leaves in order to be able to survive the winter. Reed Canarygrass seedlings are more susceptible to winter than other grasses. Pure stands Seed 8-12 lbs. Per acre. Mixtures Seed 5-6 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 1/2 inch. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Reed Canarygrass is a tall, coarse, very dense, sod-forming perennial plant type. Digestibility of the vegetative stages is equal to that of the early bloom alfalfa. Reed Canarygrass will tolerate aggressive cutting schedules. It is well adapted to mixtures with legumes when harvested at vegetative to early-flowering stages of growth.

147 Farm Science Genetics Timothy Uses Livestock: Timothy is used mainly for hay, but also for pasture and silage. It is palatable and nutritious. It makes an excellent companion grass for alfalfa, trefoil, or clover since it does not compete with legumes. Erosion control: Timothy can be used with legumes and/or other grasses in a mix for cover purposes, filter strips, waterways, and other critical area applications. Wildlife: Timothy is commonly found in wildlife mixtures for nesting, brood cover, and escape. Description Phleum pratense L., Timothy. is a relatively short-lived, cool-season perennial that grows in stools or clumps and has a shallow, compact, and fibrous root system. It grows in erect clumps 20 to 40 inches tall. Leaves vary in length from a few inches to a foot and are about ¼ inch wide, narrowing gently toward the tip. Heads are spike-like and dense, from 2 to 6 inches in length. Seed is very small and usually remains enclosed in the glumes. There are approximately 1,152,000 seeds per pound. Timothy is different from most other grasses in that 1 or occasionally 2 of the basal internodes of the stem swell into a bulb-like growth. This characteristic is often used for identification of the plant during is early stages of growth. Adaptation and Distribution Timothy is adapted to a cool and humid climate. Timothy thrives best on rich, moist bottomlands and on finer textured soils, such as clay loams. It does not do well on coarser soils. It prefers a ph of 5.5 to 7.0. Timothy will grow for a time on soils low in fertility, but it is better adapted to a high fertility soil. It is not well adapted to wet, flat land where water stands for any considerable time. Under limited moisture conditions, it makes a poor recovery and does not tolerate drought or prolonged high temperatures. Timothy is very winter hardy and has high tolerance to cold temperatures and ice encasement. Establishment Timothy is usually seeded in mixtures with legumes. This mixture may be drilled with a small grain drill. If planted with a winter grain, the timothy is seeded with it, and the legume is planted early the following spring. Seeding depth of timothy should be ½ inch. A firm, weed-free seedbed is a key to a successful planting. Common seeding rates are 6 to 12 pounds/acre when seeded alone and 2 to 6 pounds/acre when seeded in mixtures. Management Timothy is highly responsive to fertilizers, which should be applied frequently in ample quantities. Fertilizer, especially nitrogen, is important when legumes have almost disappeared from the hay or pasture mixture. Timothy stands become weak under close and continuous grazing. A fundamental reason for the decline of timothy under poor grazing practices is injury to the corms. These corms form in the spring at the same time the stem elongates. Food materials are stored in them, and they may be destroyed by trampling of grazing animals. Timothy can be initially grazed before jointing and again between early head to full head. Second and successive grazing should also occur before jointing and when basal sprouts appear at the soil surface. After the second grazing, plants usually do not joint. Timothy should be cut for hay or silage from early to full head. Make successive harvests for hay and silage when basal sprouts appear at the soil surface. Sterile seed-heads may be 15 to 20 inches up the stems when sprouts appear at the time of second cutting. Growing points stay below ground after a second cutting. Graze or cut to a minimum height of 3 inches or more.

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149 Superior for hay or grazing Early maturity Great palatability Perfect for pure stands or with legumes and other grasses Improved summer regrowth Excellent spring vigor Superior leafiness Very winter hardy Summit is a new early-type timothy with maturity similar to Clair and 10 days earlier than Climax. Summit was bred for higher yields, faster spring green up and better summer re-growth. Summit is ideally suited for pasture mixtures, especially when used with alfalfa. Summit can tolerate moderate continuous grazing, but does best under rotational grazing. Summit is the hay and pasture grass of choice for horse owners and others who demand high quality forage. Seeding Rate: 8-10 lbs. per acre/alone 2-4 lbs per acre/mixture Summit Timothy Dry Matter Yields Variety Total % Yield* Loc./ Yrs.* Summit Clair Climax *All test locations 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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151 Highly palatable forage Excellent hay quality Extremely persistent Highly resistant to leaf rust, leaf spot, and purple eyespot The highly palatable forage provides a superior addition to all grass mixtures to yield excellent hay quality. Ready for harvest as much as three to five days earlier than other popular varieties, Promesse also produces as much as 5 % to 10 % more dry matter than the other timothy varieties. Extremely persistent, this forage is highly resistant to leaf rust, leaf spot, and purple eyespot. Seeding Rate: 8-10 lbs. per acre/alone 2-4 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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153 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Timothy (Phleum pratense) Promesse Early type, 3-5 days earlier than Climax. Highly palatable, excellent hay quality. Extremely persistent, competitive in all grass mixtures. Promesse is an early type Timothy with maturity similar to Clair and 3-5 days earlier than Climax. Promesse was bred in competition with other grasses and legumes, and therefore makes it extremely persistent and reliable in all grass-legume mixtures. It also has proven itself in being consistent in producing high yields of highly palatable excellent quality hay. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Leaf Rust: Leafspot: Purple Eyespot: Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Growth Habit: Recovery After Cutting: Maturity Class: Maturity: Seasonal Production Peaks: North: South: Compatibility with Alfalfa: Planting Rates: HR HR HR Good Bunch Grass Very Fast Very Early Similar to Clair May June Sept. Oct. Excellent Bushel Weight: 45 lb Seeds Per Pound: 1,200,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure With Alfalfa North: South: Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type: Cool Season Winter Survival: Good-Excellent Stand Persistence: Moderate Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: None Drought Stress: Poor-Fair Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Good Minimum ph: 6.0 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Silage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Poor-Fair Rotational Grazing: Good Palatability: Good-Excellent Anti-Quality: Seeds/Sq Ft: Strengths: Medium spring yield * Excellent winter-hardiness Excellent tolerance of ice encasement * Mixes well with non-vigorous legumes Leafy re-growth * Tolerant of fall seeding

154 Quality Data Promesse Timothy: Variety Selection: Early maturing varieties persist better with alfalfa. Late maturing varieties are typically grown with Red Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil. Timothy is one of the most winterhardy, cool-season forage grasses. It has the ability to withstand low temperatures and ice encasement, making Promeese an excellent choice where winter injury is a persistent problem. Seedbed: Promeese should be seeded into a well-drained, fine, firm seedbed. However it will withstand poorly drained, low fertility low ph areas better than alfalfa and many other grasses. Select soils with good water-holding capacity because Promeese will not persist under droughty conditions. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed 8-12 lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 2-4 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 inch. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer under conditions of low temperatures and abundant moisture. Ideal production temperatures are: day-70 F and night 59 F. For top quality production, harvest at the late shotblade to early heading stage. It is important to cut Promeese Timothy prior to bloom in order to maintain high quality forage. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 86 F and moisture stress is severe.

155 Mid-late maturing variety Significant forage yield advantage over Climax Selected for excellent spring vigor & plant health Strong summer re-growth after cutting Very winterhardy & palatable Crest is a later maturing timothy with a leading date similar to Climax, but with a substantial yield advantage. Crest has strong agronomic performance compared to older varieties of timothy, and a wider range of adaptability. Crest is excellent in mixtures with legumes and for ground where later hay harvests are required due to wet soil conditions. In pure stands, crest s yield and quality makes it ideal for premium horse hay. Seeding Rate: 8-10 lbs. per acre/alone 2-4 lbs per acre/mixture 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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157 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Timothy (Phleum pratense) Climax Intermediate type, 7-10 days later than common. Highly palatable, excellent hay quality. Extremely persistent, competitive in all grass mixtures. Climax Timothy has proven higher protein supply (DVE or MP) to Dairy Cows when compared head to head with Joliette Timothy. Climax has tested higher yields in Minnesota Intermediate Timothy trials to be higher tons/acre than Goliath Timothy. It also has proven itself in being consistent in producing high yields of highly palatable excellent quality hay. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Leaf Rust: Leafspot: Purple Eyespot: Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor Growth Habit: Recovery After Cutting: Maturity Class: Maturity: Seasonal Production Peaks: North: South: Compatibility with Alfalfa: Planting Rates: HR HR HR Good Bunch Grass Very Fast Very Early Similar to Clair May June Sept. Oct. Excellent Bushel Weight: 45 lb Seeds Per Pound: 1,234,000 Rate (Lbs): Pure With Alfalfa North: South: Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type: Cool Season Winter Survival: Good-Excellent Stand Persistence: Moderate Crop Use Information: Life Cycle: Perennial Ease of Establishment: Fair-Good Shade Tolerance: None Drought Stress: Poor-Fair Wet Soil: Fair-Good Low ph Tolerance: Good Minimum ph: 6.0 Saline Soils (White Alkali): Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali): Poor-Fair Hay: Excellent Silage: Excellent Continuous Grazing: Poor-Fair Rotational Grazing: Good Palatability: Good-Excellent Anti-Quality: Seeds/Sq Ft: Strengths: Medium spring yield * Excellent winter-hardiness Excellent tolerance of ice encasement * Mixes well with non-vigorous legumes Leafy re-growth * Tolerant of fall seeding

158 Quality Data Climax Timothy: Variety Selection: Early Intermediate maturing varieties persist better with alfalfa. Late maturing varieties are typically grown with Red Clover and Birdsfoot Trefoil. Climax is one of the most winterhardy, cool-season forage grasses. It has the ability to withstand low temperatures and ice encasement, making Climax an excellent choice where winter injury is a persistent problem. Seedbed: Climax should be seeded into a well-drained, fine, firm seedbed. However it will withstand poorly drained, low fertility low ph areas better than alfalfa and many other grasses. Select soils with good water-holding capacity because Climax will not persist under droughty conditions. Seeding: Plant during conditions of adequate moisture and moderate temperatures. Pure stands: seed 8-12 lbs. Per acre. Mixtures: seed 2-4 lbs. Per acre. Plant shallow, ideally no deeper than 1/4 inch. Weed & Disease Control: Use recommended herbicides and chemicals as listed in your regional crop guide, or recommended by your county agent or certified chemical supplier. Forage Production & Harvesting: Most forage is produced during the spring and early summer under conditions of low temperatures and abundant moisture. Ideal production temperatures are: day-70 F and night 59 F. For top quality production, harvest at the late shotblade to early heading stage. It is important to cut Climax Timothy prior to bloom in order to maintain high quality forage. Re-growth: Re-growth may be negligible when temperatures exceed 86 F and moisture stress is severe.

159 Extend Orchardgrass #/Acre Alone 3-6 #/Acre in Mixes Superior yield Late maturity Stem Rust resistance Great palatability Perfect for alfalfa or clover mixtures Increased stand persistence Excellent plant vigor Responds to irrigation Mixes well with other species adapted to intensive grazing Marathon Reed Canarygrass #/Acre Alone 6-8 #/Acre in Mixes Leafy, high-yielding, perennial forage grass Widely adapted Persistent Performs well on wet, poorly-drained soil and soils with a ph below 6.0 Very drought tolerant variety that can be used for hay, silage or pasture Low alkaloid Farm Science Genetics Forage Grasses & Legumes Boost Per Ryegrass Summit Timothy #/Acre Alone 4-8 #/Acre in Mixes Superior yields of high-quality forage Forage is highly palatable, digestible and nutritious for all livestock Extremely high animal performance from pasture or silage Persistent Vigorous, dark-green plants with high disease resistance Excellent seedling vigor for fast establishment of dense stands Endophyte-free 8-10 #/Acre Alone 2-4 #/Acre in Mixes Superior for hay or grazing Early maturity Great palatability Perfect for pure stands or with legumes and other grasses Improved summer regrowth Excellent spring vigor Superior leafiness Very winter hardy 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

160 DH-3 Annual Ryegrass Peak Bromegrass Pinnacle Ladino Clover 30-40#/Acre Alone 4-8#/Acre in mixes Quick establishment High yielding Consistent forage yield throughout season Consistent forage yield throughout season Excellent palatability Good crown rust resistance Improved cold tolerance Good transition back to warm-season grasses #/Acre Alone 5-10 #/Acre in mixes Superior vigor Winter hardy Persistent Outstanding dry matter yields Highly resistant to foliage diseases Excellent seed quality Quick recovery after cutting Highly palatable Developed by Cornell University 6-8 #/Acre Alone 2-4 #/Acre in mixes Resistant to leaf diseases and field viruses High forage yields Ideal for pastures Superior persistence Excellent seedling vigor Aggressive stolon activity Drought tolerant Widely adapted Enhance Tall Fescue FSG Yr Red Clover Resolute White Clover #/Acre Alone 6-8 #/Acre in Mixes High-yielding, endophyte-free Excellent hay and pasture variety Perfect for winter stockpiling Very good persistence and drought tolerance Wide area of adaptation Better nutritive value than other cool season grasses #/Acre Alone 6-8 #/Acre in Mixes High Yield Un-matched Forage Quality Excellent Disease Resistance Superior Persistence High Resistant to Northern & Southern Anthracnose & Powdery Mildew 6-8 #/Acre Alone 2-4 #/Acre in Mixes Outstanding persistence High forage production Designed for continuous and rotational grazing systems Aggressive stolon activity Excellent seedling vigor Improved drought tolerance Widely adapted Winterhardy

161 Components are present in the proper ratios to provide optimum pasture Premium quality components selected for regional adaptation and performance Maximum production per acre Produces high-quality, balanced hay Good general pasture mixture Alfalfa Based Hay & Pasture Mixture was created to meet the needs of producers who want to optimize animal performance and maximize per acre return. It s also a good choice for hay producers who want a high-quality, balanced hay. Pinnacle Ladino 2% FSG Yr. Red Clover 20% Alsike 8% Summit Timothy 20% To meet these needs, we start with only the highest quality ingredients. These species are carefully chosen for their regional adaptability and combined in the proper ratios to assure maximum pasture production. 408DP Alfalfa 50% This premium mixture, along with good management practices, will provide you with the best opportunity to optimize the return on your management investment. Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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163 Components are present in the proper ratios to provide optimum pasture Premium quality components selected for regional adaptation and performance Maximum production per acre Produces high-quality, balanced hay Good general pasture mixture Clover Based Hay & Pasture Mixture was created to meet the needs of producers who want to optimize animal performance and maximize per acre return. It s also a good choice for hay producers who want a high-quality, balanced hay. Pinnacle Ladino 2% To meet these needs, we start with only the highest-quality ingredients. These species are carefully chosen for their regional adaptability and Alsike 10% combined in the proper ratios to assure maximum pasture production. Summit Timothy 25% FSG Yr. Red Clover 63% This premium mixture, along with good management practices, will provide you with the best opportunity to optimize the return on your management investment. Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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165 FSG YR. Red Clover 15% Summit Timothy 15% 408DP Alfalfa 70% Seeding Rate for Mixture: 18-20# Per Acre Great for waterways 408DP ALFALFA 10-15#/A Great for terraces Dual Purpose alfalfa hay or graze Great for headlands Wide, deep-set crowns Great for ditches Stands up to wheel traffic pressure Great for permanent pastures High yield potential Great for set-aside acres FSG 9601 RED CLOVER (3YR) 12-14#/A SUMMIT TIMOTHY 8-10#/A Strong disease resistant package Excellent for wetter and low fertile soil High yields Performs great under forage production or grazing Tall, leafy & fine-stemmed with good recovery Early maturity with excellent palatability Tolerates heavy clay soils & acid soils Excellent grass to include with legumes 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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167 Thoroughbred Hay & Pasture Mix Formula for Animals that Graze Leafy, Highly Palatable Establishes Early 1st Year Rapid Re-growth After Cutting Better Nutrition to Fight Stress Thrives Under Pressure Grazing Desirable Turf Density Pinnacle Ladino 5% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 10% Gain Festulolium 15% Ginger Forage Kentucky Bluegrass 25% Grows Well in Variable Soil Types Superior Drought Resistance Winter Hardy for Long Rotation Seed in Spring or Late Summer 408DP Alfalfa 20% Summit Timothy 25% Seeding Rate: New Pasture #/Acre Overseeding #/Acre 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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169 Peak Bromegrass 25% Gain Festulolium 25% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 25% Sum mit Timothy 25% Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre Great for waterways Great for terraces Great for headlands Great for ditches Great for permanent pastures Great for mixing with legumes Great for set-aside acres Great for bird nesting areas PEAK BROME 15-20#/A SUMMIT TIMOTHY 8-10#/A Faster starting & more vigorous Excellent drought resistance & hardiness Double conditioned for better handling Produces a fine sod, good for erosion control Tall, leafy & fine-stemmed with good recovery Early maturity with excellent palatability Tolerates heavy clay soils & acid soils Excellent grass to include with legumes Higher yielding & very palatable BOOST PERENNIAL RYEGRASS 30-40#/A GAIN FESTULOLIUM 30-45#/A Superior yields of high-quality forage Highly palatable, digestible & nutritious High disease resistance Endophyte-free Very high yielding Fast germination & establishment Vigorous regrowth Palatable & nutritious 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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171 Seeding Rate for Mixture: 25-30# Per Acre Great for waterways Great for terraces Great for headlands Great for ditches Grass Mix #4 is an excellent traffic tolerant mixture for use anywhere on your farmstead. Great for permanent pastures Great for mixing with legumes Great for set-aside acres Great for bird nesting areas Annual Rye grass 20% Enhance Tall Fescue 20% Summit Timothy 15% Kentucky Bluegrass 15% Boost Perennial Ryegras s 30% 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts Grass Mix #4

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173 Birdsfoot Trefoil 10% Reed Canary grass 15% Summ it Timoth y 20% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 25% Tall Fescue 30% Great for permanent pastures Great for mixing with legumes Great for set-aside acres Great for bird nesting areas Great for waterways Great for terraces Great for headlands Great for ditches Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI Waterway Mix (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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175 Range Master Mix Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre Great for the farmer with livestock grazing needs. Great for waterways Great for terraces Great for headlands Great for ditches Great for permanent pastures Great for mixing with legumes Great for set-aside acres Great for bird nesting areas Boost Perennial Ryegrass 9% Extend Orchard grass 14% Enhance Tall Fescue 30% Summit Timoth y 27% Alsike Clover 15% Kentucky Bluegrass 5% 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI Range Master (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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177 Big Daddy Annual Ryegrass 10% Enhance Tall Fescue 15% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 35% Summit Timothy 5% Seeding Rate for Mixture: lbs. Per Acre Peak Bromegrass 15% 408DP Alfalfa 20% Components are present in the proper ratios to provide optimum pasture Premium quality components selected for regional adaptation and performance Maximum production per acre Produces high-quality, balanced hay Good general pasture mixture Professional Beef Pasture Mixture was created to meet the needs of producers who want to optimize animal performance and maximize per acre return. It s also a good choice for hay producers who want a high-quality, balanced hay. To meet these needs, we start with only the highest-quality ingredients. These species are carefully chosen for their regional adaptability and combined in the proper ratios to assure maximum pasture production. This premium mixture, along with good management practices, will provide you with the best opportunity to optimize the return on your management investment Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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179 Versagrass Peak Bromegrass 25% Gain Festulolium 25% Range Master Mix Boost Perennial Ryegrass 9% Extend Orchard grass 14% Enhance Tall Fescue 30% Hay & Pasture/Specialty Forage Mixtures Boost Perennial Ryegrass 25% Summ it Timothy 25% Summit Timothy 27% Alsike Clover 15% lbs./acre lbs./acre Kentucky Bluegrass 5% Grass Mix #4 Sum mit Timothy 15% Annual Ryegras s 20% Kentucky Bluegrass 15 % Enhance Tall Fescue 20% lbs./acre Boost Perennial Ryegras s 30% 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

180 Alfalfa Based Hay & Pasture Mix Beef Pasture Mix Horse Hay & Pasture Mix Pinnacle Ladino 2% FSG Yr. Red Clover 20% Alsike 8% Summit Timothy 20% 408DP Alfalfa 50% Big Daddy Annual Ryegrass 10% Enhance Tall Fescue 15% Peak Brome Grass 15% Summit Timothy 5% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 35% 408DP Alfalfa 20% Pinnacle Ladino 5% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 10% Ginger Gain Festulolium 15 % 408DP Alfalfa 20% Forage Ke ntuck y Bluegrass 25% Summit Timothy 25% lbs./acre lbs./acre lbs./acre Clover Based Hay & Pasture Mix 715 Hay & Pasture Forage Mix LC-Waterway Mixture Pinnacle Ladino 2% Summit Timothy 25% Alsike 10% FSG Yr. Red Clover 63% 408DP Alfalfa 70% FSG YR. Red Clover 15% Summit Timothy 15% Birdsfoot Trefoil Reed 10% Canary grass 15% Summit Timothy 20% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 25% Tall Fescue 30% lbs./acre lbs./acre lbs./acre

181 Field Mixture: 20% Alsike Clover 20% Ladino Clover 20% Medium Red Clover 15% Rape Seed 15% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 10% White Dutch Clover Deer County Field & Trail Wildlife Mixtures Deer Country Field mixture was developed to provide excellent forage feed for deer in the Spring, Summer & Fall. This mixture was designed to perform well under a wide range of growing and soil conditions in the upper mid-west. Field mixture can be planted in areas ranging from full sun to semi-shade. Excellent choice for food plot areas along wood lines or open spots in the woods. Seeding Rate: 10 lbs/acre Drilled; lbs/acre Broadcast; 25 lb Bags Trail Mixture: 30% White Dutch Clover 30% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 20% Creeping Red Fescue 15% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Alsike Clover Deer Country Trail mixture was developed to provide excellent forage feed for deer in the Spring, Summer & Fall. This mixture was designed to perform well under a wide range of growing and soil conditions in the upper mid-west. Trail mixture can be planted in areas ranging from full sun to heavily shaded areas such as logging roads and trails located directly in the woods. Seeding Rate: 10 lbs/acre Drilled; lbs/acre Broadcast; 25 lb Bags 2541 Commerce Street (608) La Crosse, WI (608) Fax (800) Watts

182 Point Builder Plus: 20% Bulls-Eye Hybrid Turnips 20% Pinnacle Ladino Clover 20% Boost Perennial Ryegrass 15% Bridger Rape Seed 10% Sterling Rape Seed 10% Puna Chicory 5% Resolute White Clover Deer County Wildlife Mixtures Point Builder Plus was formulated to provide top quality forage all Spring, Summer & Fall. This blend was designed to produce different types of forage during the growing season crucial to deer growth and development. Point Builder Plus contains only the best performing varieties of Turnips, Rape, Ladino, Chicory and White Clover available on the market today. Whether you are conservation minded or a serious hunter, Point Builder Plus is a must for any food plot. Excellent choice for plot areas along wood lines or open areas in the woods. Seeding Rate: 15 lbs/acre Drilled; lbs/acre Broadcast; 25 lb. Bags Tri-Season Mixture: Tri-Season is a blend of spring wheat, forage sorghum, forage soybeans and fall rye. Tri-Season is formulated to provide exceptional forage and nutritional benefits to bucks and does from early spring, mid-summer and late fall. This product is ideal for strip planting along your existing Deer Country food plots. Tri-Season mixture will help provide forage at different times of the year when other crops are just getting started or shutting down for the season. Seeding Rate: 30 lbs./ 1/4 Acre; 30 lb. Bags 2541 Commerce Street (608) La Crosse, WI (608) Fax (800) Watts

183 Bulls-Eye Deer Turnips QUICK FACTS BULLS-EYE was originally used for food for livestock. Large numbers of deer were consistently reported grazing the lush forage and studies by wildlife biologists confirmed that deer were more attracted to BULLS-EYE than many of their natural occurring food sources, especially in the fall when most native species are dormant and course. Another benefit to BULLS-EYE is that the high nutritive value is retained well after the first frost and in fact, palatability for deer increases after a frost. BULLS- EYE performs best when the soil ph is between 6.5 and 7.5 and soil fertility is high. Sprouting usually occurs after 5 to 10 days depending on soil temperature. USE BULLS-EYE is intended for use as an attractant for deer and other wildlife. Plant BULLS-EYE at least 60 days before deer season if possible to allow adequate growth. This ensures that there will be enough forage to keep the deer coming back to your location for several weeks or even months. The best planting times are either Spring or Early Fall. In some cases hunters have planted plots in the spring and then replanted in the fall to keep a constant supply of lush nutritious forage for deer all through the growing season. SELLING POINTS Deer Can t Resist it Protein Rich Food High Palatability Grows Quickly SEEDING RATE 1-2# package covers ¼ acre WHEN TO PLANT Early Spring to Late Fall 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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185 99% pure, no fillers, no chemical coatings Produces huge quantities of high quality forage deer love Easy to establish Cold tolerant Fast food plots Bred specifically for forage Fantastic early season, annual plot Can be planted in August and September for grazing during bow season Seeding Rate Broadcast or drill: lbs per acre Packaged in 50 lb bags Plant PlotSpike Forage Oats at 100 lbs. of seed per acre. Apply at least 300 lbs of or equivalent at planting. PlotSpike Forage Oats respond very well to high nitrogen fertilizers like ammonia nitrate (34-0-0) applied after the plants emerge. You can apply pounds of every 45 days and not harm your plants. In our seed fields we use the equivalent of 800 lbs of ammonia nitrate per growing season Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) FAX (800) Toll Free

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187 Special attractant to game birds that prefer high oil seed crops such as dove, quail, turkey and pheasant Drought tolerant Wildlife sunflower is a special attractant to upland game birds as fall and winter feed. Wildlife sunflower is preferred by dove, quail, turkey, pheasant and other species of upland game birds. Wildlife sunflower is a very drought tolerant crop. It is a reliable source of fall and winter feed because of the tolerance to limited and sporadic supplies of available moisture. Wildlife sunflower may be planted when danger of frost has passed and through early summer for late season seeds. Planting dates may vary depending on timing of needs for fall and winter feed supplies. Wildlife sunflower should be planted with seed in firm contact with the soil and no deeper than 1.5 inches. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Downy Mildew:... S Head Moth... S Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor:...Good Growth Habit:...Upright with Medium Head Days to Midbloom: to 60 days Relative Maturity:...85 to 90 days Uniformity:...Moderate Average Plant Height:...26 to 40 Standability:...Very Good Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: lbs. Seeds per Pound:... Approx 3,000 to 4,000 Rate (Lbs.): Dryland Irrigated Rows: Broadcast: Seeds/Sq. Ft Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type:...C4 - Warm Season Soil Temperature:...Warm (50º F) Water Requirement:...Very Low Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 50º F. Wildlife sunflower is usually planted between June 1 and July 10 in the northern states. Can be no tilled into the stubble of winter and spring crops. Planting depth should be 1. Wildlife sunflower is an excellent companion with Black Autry Cowpeas and other game seed. Harvest: Wildlife sunflower is usually ready for game bird feeding about 85 days after seeding. Peredovick Type Crop Use Information: Life Cycle:...Annual Ease of Establishment:...Good Shade Tolerance:...Poor - Fair Drought Stress:...Fair Wet Soil:...Fair Low ph Tolerance:...Moderate Minimum ph: Saline Soils (White Alkali):Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali):...Poor - Fair Hay:...N/A Silage:...N/A Grazing:...Do not graze Grain Palatability:...Excellent Strengths Highly palatable after maturity to game birds Provides feed for many types of gamebirds Easily established Adapted over a wide area Responds well to varied weather conditions May be planted early Weaknesses Requires seed to be in firm contact with the soil to ensure stand establishment 2541 Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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189 University developed specifically for game birds Resistant to sparrows, blackbirds during milk stage Resistant to weather deterioration of the grain Wildlife Grain Sorghum (WGF) was specifically developed as a fall and winter food source for upland game birds (Quail, Turkey, Pheasant and Prairie Chicken) and migratory birds (Ducks, Geese and Doves). Wildlife Grain Sorghum is a heavy seed producing, early maturing (43-50 day mid-bloom) strain developed specifically for upland game and migratory birds. The OK Agricultural Experimental Station and OK State Univ. cooperatively released WGF. Since that time, the product as been widely used throughout the US. Unlike many conventional grain sorghum hybrids, WGF imparts a bitter taste to predatory birds (Sparrows, Blackbirds, Starlings, etc.) during the milk and dough stages of development. The bitter taste disappears at maturity of the plant. The reddish-brown color apparently is only in the pericarp layer of the seed and acts as a mold and rotting repellant of the grain during exposure to winter weather conditions. In addition to providing a non-weathering and non-rotting winter food source for brood stocks, the crop residue provides an excellent source of beneficial cover for birds. Disease/Insect/Nematode Ratings: Downy Mildew:... R Agronomic Traits: Early Seedling Vigor:...Good Growth Habit:...Upright with Medium Head Days to Mid-bloom: to 50 days Relative Maturity:...85 to 90 days Uniformity:...Moderate Average Plant Height:...26 to 30 Standability:...Very Good Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: lbs. Seeds per Pound:...19,000 Rate (Lbs.): Dryland Irrigated Rows: Broadcast: Seeds/Sq. Ft Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type:...C4 - Warm Season Soil Temperature:...Warm (60º F) Water Requirement:...Very Low Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 60º F WGF is usually planted between June 10 and July 10 in the northern states Can be no tilled into the stubble of winter and spring crops Planting depth should be 1 Do not plant in soils with ph greater than 7.5 to 8.0. Chlorosis will be a severe problem WGF is an excellent companion with Black Autry Cowpeas and other game seed Harvest: Wildlife sunflower is usually ready for game bird feeding about 85 days after seeding Crop Use Information: Life Cycle:...Annual Ease of Establishment:...Good Shade Tolerance:...Poor - Fair Drought Stress:...Fair Wet Soil:...Fair Low ph Tolerance:...Moderate Minimum ph: Saline Soils (White Alkali):.Fair Saline Sodic Soils (Black Alkali):...Poor - Fair Hay:...N/A Silage:...N/A Grazing:...Do not graze Grain Palatability:...Excellent Strengths Highly palatable after maturity to game birds Provides feed for many types of game Easily established Adapted over a wide area Responds well to varied weather conditions Weaknesses Requires warm soil temperature for germination 2541 Commerce St La Crosse, WI (608) phone (608) fax (800) watts

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191 BULLS-EYE DEER TURNIPS High Palatability Grows Quickly Protein Rich Food Deer Can t Resist It Bulls-Eye is intended for use as an attractant for deer and other wildlife. Plant Bulls-Eye at least 60 days before deer season if possible to allow adequate growth. This ensures that there will be enough forage to keep the deer coming back to your location for several weeks or even months. The best planting times are either Spring or early Fall. In some cases hunters have planted plots in the Spring and then replanted in the Fall to keep a constant supply of lush nutritious forage for deer all through the growing season. SEEDING RATE 2# pkg cover 1/4 Acre Packaged in 2# bags Wildlife Grain Sorghum University Developed Specifically for Wild Game and Migrating Birds Wildlife Grain Sorghum was University developed specifically as a fall food source for upland game birds (quail, turkey, pheasant and prairie chicken) and migratory birds (ducks, geese and doves). Easily Established Wildlife Grain Sorghum has very low water requirements. It has good early seedling vigor and grows upright with medium to large heads. Expect mid-bloom in days and relative maturity in days. With very good standability the average plant height is inches depending on water conditions. SEEDING RATE 6-8 lbs Acre Drilled 8-10 lbs/acre Broadcast Packaged in 50# bags WILDLIFE SUNFLOWER PLOTSPIKE FORAGE OATS 99% Pure, No Fillers, No Chemical Coatings Produces Huge Quantities of Forage Deer Love Easy to Establish PlotSpike Exclusive Guarantee Cold Tolerant Fast Food Plots SEEDING RATE Broadcast or Drill: lbs/acre Packaged in 50# bags Special attractant to birds as fall and winter feed that prefer high oil seed crops Preferred by Dove, Quail, Turkey, Pheasant Drought tolerant Seedling Rate: 25 lbs. per acre Wildlife Product Line Soil temperature should be at least 55 F Plant between May 25 and July 1 in the Midwest Plant seed in firm contact with soil Plant no deeper than 1.5 inches 2541 Commerce St La Crosse, WI (800)

192 Point Builder Mixture: 20% Bulls-Eye Hybrid Turnips 20% Pinnacle Ladino Clover 20% Boost Per Ryegrass 15% Bridger Rape Seed 10% Sterling Rape Seed 10% Puna Chicory 5% Resolute White Clover 25 lb bags Seeding Rate - 15 lbs/acre Drilled lbs/acre Broadcast Deer Country Trail Mixture: 30% White Dutch Clover 30% Boost Per Ryegrass 20% Creeping Red Fescue 15% Birdsfoot Trefoil 5% Alsike Clover 25 lb bags Seeding Rate - 10 lbs/acre Drilled lbs/acre Broadcast Deer Country Field Mixture: 20% Alsike Clover 20% Ladino Clover 20% Medium Red Clover 15% Boost Per Ryegrass 15% Rape Seed 10% White Dutch Clover 25 lb bags Seeding Rate - 10 lbs/acre Drilled lbs/acre Broadcast Point Builder Plus was formulated to provide top quality forage all Spring, Summer and Fall. This blend was designed to produce different types of forage during the growing season crucial to deer growth and development. Point Builder Plus contains only the best performing varieties of Turnips, Rape, Ladino, Chicory and White Clover available on the market today. Whether you are conservation minded or a serious hunter, Point Builder Plus is a must for any food plot. Excellent choice for plot areas along wood lines or open areas in the woods. Trail mixture was developed to provide excellent forage feed for deer in the Spring, Summer and Fall. This mixture was designed to perform well under a wide range of growing and soil conditions in the upper mid-west. Trail mixture can be planted in areas ranging from full-sun to heavily shaded areas such as logging roads and trails located directly in the woods. Field mixture was developed to provide excellent forage feed for deer in the Spring, Summer and Fall. This mixture was designed to perform well under a wide range of growing and soil conditions in the upper mid-west. Field mixture can be planted in areas ranging from full-sun to semi-shade. Excellent choice for plot areas along wood lines or open spots in the woods. Tri-Season Mixture Tri-Season is a blend of spring wheat, forage sorghum, forage soybeans, and fall rye. Tri-Season is formulated to provide exceptional forage and nutritional benefits to bucks and does from early spring, mid summer, and late fall. This product is ideal for strip planting along your existing deer country food plots. Tri-Season Mixture will help provide forage at different times of the year when other crops are just getting started or shutting down for the season. Seeding Rate: 30 lbs. per ¼ acre Packaged in 30# bags sucraseed Sweet Spot High Sugar Grass Mix for Irresistible Food Plots 33% AberDart HSG Perennial Ryegrass* 33% AberAvon HSG Perennial Ryegrass* 11% Dynamite Medium Red Clover 11% Winter White Clover 6% Purple Top Turnips 6% Six Point Chicory High Sugar Grass Variety* Packaged Size 15 lbs Planting Rate: 15 lbs/1/2 Acre Sweet Spot mixes features High Sugar Grasses. These unique perennial ryegrasses can produce bigger racks and as much as 20% more body mass. Sweet Spot is a perennial wildlife mix that establishes quickly, winters well and creates fool-proof food plots year after year.

193 BMR 106 Forage Sorghum Significantly lower stem lignin concentration Improved digestibility equals milk production of corn Requires 1/3 less water than corn for same production BMR 106 is a new generation brown midrib forage sorghum designed primarily for high quality silage. BMR 106 contains all of the desirable traits from the previous generation brown midrib hybrids, plus tests indicate even better feed quality. The lignin content of the stem has been dramatically reduced which significantly improves digestibility by 40% over conventional forage sorghums. This improvement in digestibility allows BMR 106 forage sorghum to equal the milk production of corn. The reduced lignin content of BMR 106 s stems makes it more prone to lodging than conventional forage sorghums. Because of these weaker stems, BMR 106 should be planted at the recommended rates for your area and harvest should be done on time. The water requirement of BMR 106 is 1/3 less than the water required to produce an equivalent amount of corn. This high water use efficiency of BMR 106 makes it ideally suited where water is a major yield limiting factor. Adaptation Ratings: Photosynthetic Type: C4 - Warm Season Soil Temperature: Warm (60º F) Water Requirement: Very Low Planting Rates: Bushel Weight: 56 lbs. Seeds Per Pound: 17,000 Rate (Lbs.) Dryland Irrigated Rows: Broadcast: Seeds/Sq. Ft Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 60º F. BMR 106 is usually planted between June 10 and July 10 in the northern states. Can be no-tilled into the stubble of winter and spring crops. Planting depth should be 1. Do not plant in soils with ph greater than 7.5 to 8.0. Chlorosis will be a severe problem. BMR 106 is an excellent companion with forage soybeans or Black Autrey cowpeas. Harvest: BMR 106 is usually harvested 100 days after seeding. Protein will decline as harvest is delayed, but energy will increase upon heading due to continued sugar formation in the sorghum stalks and leaves, and carbohydrate deposition in the developing grains Commerce Street La Crosse, WI (608) (608) Fax (800) Watts

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195 Brown Mid Rib (BMR) hay-grazers and silage sorghums have distinct advantages over normal sorghum types Improved digestibility Improved palatability Increased animal intake Improved pasture utilization Milk yields equal to corn silage Improved components of milk There are 3 main BMR genes (6, 12, 18) of these BMR 6 gives the highest levels of digestibility and animal performance. Increases have been recorded of up to 30% in beef produced per ton of feed when compared with conventional hay grazers. In silage sorghums, the BMR trait gives silage quality equal to that of high quality corn silage. Hay products can achieve the same quality levels as alfalfa hay. For the maximum BMR advantage, INSIST on products with the BMR 6 gene. In normal growing situations, the brown color of the mid-rib on the leaf or the color of the stalk enable you to identify BMR products. The brown midrid phenomenon is correlated with a reduced level of lignin within the stalks. Lignin is indigestible in ruminants. Reducing the lignin results in higher feed intake and improved weight gains. The BMR trait can be less visible in the leaf mid-rib as the leaves mature. The improved digestibility of the stalks with BMR 6 gene means stalk diameter is not the issue that it normally is with haygrazers. Because stalk diameter is not a key issue, lower planting rates can be used with BMR haygrazers, reducing the planting cost to one similar to conventional products while at the same time improving animal performance and hay quality. Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 60 F Surpass BMR 6 Sorghum-Sudangrass is usually planted between June 1 and July 10 in the Midwest Seed Rate: lbs. per acre 2541 Commerce Street (608) La Crosse, WI (608) Fax (800) Watts

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197 Sugar Graze II is a top quality 3-way cross sorghum x sorgho x sudan-grass hybrid designed for grazing, greenchop or hay. Sugar Graze II grows off rapidly and its sweet succulent stalks and broad deep green leaves result in an excellent quality forage. Sugar Graze II is widely adapted to various growing conditions. Its inherent massive root system results in drought tolerance, which makes Sugar Graze II highly suitable for limited rainfall areas. This hybrid will also respond to adequate moisture with the ability to produce superior yields. In general, higher planting rates are recommended for an overall premium quality forage. Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 60 F Sugar Graze II Sorghum-Sudangrass is usually planted between June 1 and July 10 in the Midwest Seed Rate: lbs. per acre 2541 Commerce Street (608) La Crosse, WI (608) Fax (800) Watts

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199 Product Sheet Tripper 2000 Description: Tripper 2000 is an elite forage blend of Packer Peas and Galaxy spring triticale. It has superior forage characteristics, and produces high quality forage throughout the northern US and Canada. Advantages Semi Beardless triticale increases palatability, and preference in forage feed Galaxy combined with Packer Peas has consistently produced more milk in variety trials held in New York, Ohio & Wisconsin Packer Peas emerge faster than Trapper Peas, especially in cool soils Comparison of Tripper 2000 and a generic blend (Frank Spring/Trapper Peas) Harvested when triticale plants were at mid boot in 12 trials, Forage Blend Days to Harvest Canopy Height (inches) DM Yield (tons/a) CP (%) ADF (%) NDF (%) Milk Yield (lb/a) RFV Milk Gross Returns ($/a) Tripper Generic Locations: Sun Prairie, Wisconsin CP, ADF and NDF were determined by wet chemistry. Gross returns/acre assume a milk price of $11/cwt. Seedbed- A good seedbed is essential for maximum seed / soil contact. A firm seedbed enhances the opportunity for a good plant stand. Seeding Rate 120 lbs/acre with underseeding or 150 lbs /acre without underseeding. Seeding Depth 1/2 to 1 inch deep with rolling or packing providing improved emergence Seeding Date Seed as early as soil conditions allow in spring. Fertility Fertilize according to soil tests, keeping a balanced micro nutrient program. In the absence of soil tests, preplant apply 40lbs N, 30lbs P, 60lbs K per acre. Harvest Tips Tripper 2000 is ready to harvest in days, or early boot stage. Tripper 2000 Tripper 2000 Why Beards can be a problem in Spring Triticale Forage The presence of beards in triticale/pea forages that are analyzed in laboratory tests has little affect on forage quality score because beards are a very small percentage of the forage. However, preference/sorting/ palatability issues can occur when triticale forage with rough beards is fed to cattle. Visit us at or call toll free at 1(800)

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201 Product Sheet Sprint Description: Sprint is a forage blend of Murray Oats and Packer Peas. It produces high yields of high quality forage in dairy and beef areas throughout the northern United States and Canada. Murray - tall maturing, high yielding forage oat - long, wide leaves with excellent forage quality Packer - a small seeded, purple flowering forage pea - produces long vines and large leaves. Advantages An ideal forage to plant after winter wheat or sweet corn in first two weeks of August. A good source for quick forage, approximately 60 days A good way to manage your manure application. Apply and incorporate prior to seeding in August. Sprint is commonly used as a nurse crop to establish alfalfa in the spring season. Comparison of Sprint and a generic blend harvested when OAT plants were at mid boot in 12 trials Sprint Sprint Forage Blend Days to Harvest Canopy Height (inches) DM Yield (tons/a) CP (%) ADF (%) NDF (%) Milk Yield (lb/a) RFV Milk Gross Returns ($/a) Sprint Generic Locations: Sun Prairie, Wisconsin CP, ADF and NDF were determined by wet chemistry. Gross returns/acre assume a milk price of $11/cwt. Seedbed- A good seedbed is essential for maximum seed / soil contact. A firm seedbed enhances the opportunity for a good plant stand. Seeding Rate 120 lbs/acre with underseeding or 150lbs /acre without underseeding. Seeding Depth 1/2 to 1 inch deep with rolling or packing providing improved emergence Seeding Date Seed as early as soil conditions allow in spring. Fertility Fertilize according to soil tests, keeping a balanced micro nutrient program. In the absence of soil tests, preplant apply 40lbs N, 30lbs P, 60lbs K per acre. Harvest Tips Sprint is ready to harvest in days, or early boot stage. Visit us at or call toll free at 1(800)

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203 L C F O R A G E P E A S & C A L I B E R O A T S SILOBUSTER PLUS SILOBUSTER PLUS A BLEND OF LC 6040 FORAGE PEAS/CALIBER OATS LC 6040 Forage were tested for forage yield and quality in a comparison test with Trapper Peas. The results speak for themselves, when compared in a side by side trial. GENOTYPE SEEDS PER lb. VINE LENGTH (inches) DM YIELD t/a CP % ADF % NDF % MILK YIELD lb/ac Trapper LC LC 6040 Features are: Seed Quality **LC 6040 peas have a tougher seed coat than Trapper peas. Dry Matter Yield **LC 6040 peas have longer vines, larger leaf surface, giving higher yield, more milk. Stand Establishment **LC 6040 peas emerge faster, especially in cooler soils. The LC 6040 seed coat contains a more effective metabolic system that imparts the ability to germinate and emerge more rapidly, when soils are wet or cool. Combine LC 6040 features with a superior brand of Caliber OATS, and the results will satisfy any discriminating dairy or beef producer. In some comparison tests the following observations were made: Days to Harvest Ht. in. DM t/a CP % ADF % NDF % Milk Yield lb/ac Trapper/Ogle LC6040/Caliber Packer/Royal Seeding Rate: 120 lbs. / Acre overseeded with Alfalfa 150 lbs. / Acre alone 2541 Commerce St. Phone: (608) La Crosse, WI Toll Free: (800) Website: FAX: (608)

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205 L C F O R A G E P E A S & T O P T O N B A R L E Y SILOBUSTER PLUS SILOBUSTER PLUS A BLEND OF LC 6040 FORAGE PEAS/Top Ton Barley LC 6040 Forage were tested for forage yield and quality in a comparison test with Trapper Peas. The results speak for themselves, when compared in a side by side trial. GENOTYPE SEEDS PER lb. VINE LENGTH (inches) DM YIELD t/a CP % ADF % NDF % MILK YIELD lb/ac Trapper LC LC 6040 Features are: Seed Quality **LC 6040 peas have a tougher seed coat than Trapper peas. Dry Matter Yield **LC 6040 peas have longer vines, larger leaf surface, giving higher yield, more milk. Stand Establishment **LC 6040 peas emerge faster, especially in cooler soils. The LC 6040 seed coat contains a more effective metabolic system that imparts the ability to germinate and emerge more rapidly, when soils are wet or cool. Combine LC 6040 features with a superior brand of Top Ton Barley, and the results will more than satisfy any dairy farmer determined to achieve higher results from the dairy or beef herd on his farm. In some comparison tests the following observations were made: Annual Forage Days to Harvest Ht. in. DM t/a CP % ADF % NDF % Milk Yield lb/ac Trapper/Robust LC6040/Top Ton Seeding Rate: 120 lbs. / Acre overseeded with Alfalfa 150 lbs. / Acre alone 2541 Commerce St. Phone: (608) La Crosse, WI Toll Free: (800) Website: FAX: (608)

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207 The stabilized hybrid of wheat and rye Poland, Germany, China and France account for nearly 90% of the world triticale production Globally, triticale is used primarily for livestock feeds In Mexico, which grows the crop, triticale is used mostly for whole-grain triticale breads and tortillas. In the US, triticale is harvested mostly for forage Plus a small market for pancake mixes and crackers due to a savory, nutty flavor Ethanol plants will pay a premium for triticale over barley More starch and no hull, making alcohol production more efficient Although, wheat-rye hybrids date back to 1875, it was only in 1953 that the first North American triticale breeding program was initiated at the University of Manitoba. Seeding Rate: Lbs/Acre Nurse Crop Lbs/Acre Alone 2541 Commerce Street PHONE (608) La Crosse, WI Fax (608) Website: Watts (800)

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209 Bushy type hybrid with high yield potential Widely adapted to many diverse geographic regions No Prussic Acid Concerns FSG 300 is a bushy type hybrid pearl millet with high yield potential which is achieved very quickly being only 63 days to the boot stage. FSG 300 has a high level of tolerance to many pathogens and high humidity, but cannot tolerate standing surface water. FSG 300 can be grown on as little as 16 inches of water, however, greater tonnage will be produced with greater water availability. FSG 300 s bushy type plant stature means that the forage produced is virtually all leaves. This greater leaf mass gives FSG 300 high crude protein concentrations and high TDN values. Seeding: Soil temperature should be at least 65 F FSG 300 is usually planted between June 10 and July 10 in the Midwest Seeding Rate: lbs. per acre 2541 Commerce Street PHONE (608) La Crosse, WI Fax (608) Website: Watts (800)

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211 Grown principally as a forage grass Resembles barnyard grass Usually grown as a late-season green feed in temperate climates with humid or sub-humid conditions Most rapid growth of all millets under favorable weather conditions Occasionally producing ripe grain in 45 days after seeding Growth habit of this annual grass is an erect plant 2-4 ft tall with a panicle inflorescence made up of 5-15 sessile erect branches Spiklets are brownish to purple and are borne on one side of each branch. Seeds are slightly longer than wide and are larger than those of barnyard grass Makes its best growth on good soils Not subject to major fungal diseases Susceptible to several species of head smuts Mature plant is difficult to cure for hay because of the thick stems Makes a more palatable hay when cut before heading Seeding Rate: Lbs/Acre Nurse Crop Lbs/Acre Alone 2541 Commerce Street PHONE (608) La Crosse, WI Fax (608) Website Watts (800)

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213 SEEDS CORN GUIDE

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215 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2792RR Brand Roundup Ready Great yield potential for maturity Excellent emergence and seedling vigor Above average roots and stalks Medium tall plant, medium ear placement, possible dual purpose hybrid Good flex ear, rows Flowers early Great grain quality, test weight Improved dry down compared to most flint/dent products Good drought tolerance Need to keep in zone 10 bu better than DKC 35-02, even with 39D k plant population 1920 GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 79 Day Roundup, Roundup Ready and Processor Preferred are registered trademarks of, and used under license from, Monsanto Technology LLC.

216 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2792 Brand Great yield potential for maturity Excellent emergence and seedling vigor Above average roots and stalks Medium tall plant, medium ear placement, possible dual purpose hybrid Good flex ear, rows Flowers early Great grain quality, test weight Improved dry down compared to most flint/dent products Good drought tolerance Need to keep in zone 10 bu better than DKC 35-02, even with 39D k plant population 1920 GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 79 Day

217 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2821 Brand Top-end yield potential Outstanding stalk and root strength Very good late season plant health Medium-tall plant with medium-high ear placement Good test weight EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 82 Day

218 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2852 GT/CB/LL Brand Agrisure glyphosate tolerant and LibertyLink technology Agrisure CB for above ground insect protection Great top-end yield potential EMERGENCE Very good stalks and roots Medium-tall plant, medium ear height STALK STRENGTH Some ear flex, kernel rows DROUGHT TOL. Great test weight and grain quality Good dry down TEST WEIGHT Flowers early for maturity DRY DOWN Flowers 50 GDUS sooner than 2883 Excellent overall plant health GRAIN YIELD Good late season stalk Recommend for all field conditions SILAGE YIELD Need to keep in maturity zone 10 bu better than 39D82 11 bu better than DKC K-34K recommended 2040 GDU black layer MATURITY 85 Day Agrisure is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Liberty Link is a registered trademark of Bayer CropScience.

219 Agrisure SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2883 GT Brand Agrisure GT glyphosate tolerance Unmatched yield potential for maturity Great seedling vigor Above average stalks and roots Medium height plant, medium ear placement Outstanding ear flex, 16 row Flowers early for maturity with superior yield to moisture ratio Outstanding grain quality Can move up and down in maturity Can do well on high ph soils Great plant health with excellent drought tolerance Needs to be on good dirt, try to keep out of stress environment 3 bu better than 38-89, 20 bu better than 39D GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 88 Day Agrisure is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Liberty Link is a registered trademark of Bayer CropScience.

220 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2883 Brand Unmatched yield potential for maturity Great seedling vigor Above average stalks and roots Medium height plant, medium ear placement Outstanding ear flex, 16 row Flowers early for maturity with superior yield to moisture ratio Outstanding grain quality Can move up and down in maturity Can do well on high ph soils Great plant health with excellent drought tolerance Needs to be on good dirt, try to keep out of stress environment 3 bu better than 38-89, 20 bu better than 39D GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 88 Day

221 Roundup Ready SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2955RR Brand Roundup herbicide tolerance Excellent top-end yield potential Improved plant health Very good seedling vigor Excellent stalk and root strength Very good ear flex Good grain quality, kernel row Excellent husk cover and open Medium shank length Very fast dry down Very good late season plant health Good stay green Suited for all soil conditions High Fermentable Corn (HFC) High Extractable Starch (HES) 5 bu better than Pioneer 38P GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 95 Day Roundup, Roundup Ready and Processor Preferred are registered trademarks of, and used under license from, Monsanto Technology LLC.

222 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2953 Brand Excellent top-end yield potential Improved plant health Very good seedling vigor Excellent stalk and root strength Very good ear flex Good grain quality, kernel row Excellent husk cover and open Medium shank length Very fast dry down Very good late season plant health Good stay green Suited for all soil conditions 5 bu better than Pioneer 38P GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 95 Day

223 Agrisure SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2973 CBLL Brand Corn borer trait with LibertyLink Technology Excellent yield potential Great emergence and seedling vigor Very good overall plant health Excellent root strength Very good stalk Medium plant height with good ear retention Medium ear placement Semi-flex ear Flowers early for maturity Ultra showy, dark green plants Excellent grain quality, average test weight Performs better in the southern part of maturity zone Closer to a 99 day than 97 day 15 bu better than 50-19, 10 bu better than 37Y GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 97 Day Agrisure is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. Liberty Link is a registered trademark of Bayer CropScience.

224 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 2983 Brand Top-end yield punch Exceptional plant health with good fall appearance Very good seedling vigor Very good stalks and roots Medium tall plant, medium ear placement Good ear flex, rows Moderately blocky ear Good drought tolerance, and high pop. tolerance Good Fall appearance Avg 13 bu better than 2953 & 2955RR 13 bu better than Pioneer 37Y14 9 bu better than DKC EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 98 Day 2300 GDUS to black layer

225 New for 2011 SEEDS 2000 Corn Hybrid Brand 3001 Brand Consistent high yield potential Outstanding seedling vigor, plant health Strong stalks with above average root strength Medium plant height, medium ear placement Fixed ear, kernel rows Excellent late season plant health with fast dry down Exceptional plant disease package Maintain pops. in less productive drought prone fields Not a great fall appearance Adapted to all field enviroments MN and East Hybrid Can move a bit north 7 bu better than 37Y14 17 bu better than 50-19, 27 bu than K-34K 2320 GDUS to black layer EMERGENCE STALK STRENGTH DROUGHT TOL. TEST WEIGHT DRY DOWN GRAIN YIELD SILAGE YIELD MATURITY 101 Day

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227 TRINITY Trinity is a homozygous sugary enhancer bicolor with a clean compact plant, refined ear and good husk protection. Trinity is an excellent early variety for home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. The high ear placement on Trinity makes this variety suitable for mechanical harvest. Days to Maturity: 70 (1190 heat units) Ear Height: 18 inches Ear Length: 8 inches Numb. Rows: 14 Ear Diameter: 1.8 inches Plant Height: 72 inches

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229 QUICKIE Quickie was developed for that very important early season. This quick variety will enable you to get a jump on your growing season with tasty results. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Days to Maturity: 68 (1156 heat units) Ear Height: 10 inches Ear Length: 7.5 inches Numb. Rows: 12 Ear Diameter: 1.8 inches Plant Height: 52 inches

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231 SUGAR BUNS Sugar Buns-homozygous se-is an early yellow, sugary enhanced, truly gourmet flavored sweet corn hybrid. It has been a fast and steady favorite for many years. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Days to Maturity: 72 (1224 heat units) Ear Height: 15 inches Ear Length: 7.5 inches Numb. Rows: 14 Ear Diameter: 1.7 inches Plant Height: 76 inches

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233 BODACIOUS Bodacious is a truly homozygous sugary enhanced hybrid. It s wide adaptability in northern latitudes and consistent performance have made Bodacious the most popular variety in its class. It s excellent for home garden, roadside stand and shipping. Days to Maturity: 75 (1275 heat units) Ear Height: 20 inches Ear Length: 8 inches Numb. Rows: 16 Ear Diameter: 1.8 inches Plant Height: 87 inches

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235 AMBROSIA Ambrosia is a bicolor developed for home garden, fresh market, roadside stand and shipping. Ambrosia is a homozygous sugary enhancer with supreme eating quality. This variety is noted for its early vigor and high tolerance to Stewart s Wilt. Days to Maturity: 75 (1275 heat units) Ear Height: 20 inches Ear Length: Ear Diameter: 8 inches 2 inches Numb. Rows: 16 Plant Height: 78

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237 MYSTIQUE Mystique is a homozygous SE sugary enhancer with superior eating quality. It is a mid-season version of Delectable with excellent husk protection and good early vigor. Home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Days to Maturity: 75 (1275 heat units) Ear Height: 20 inches Ear Length: 8.5 inches Numb. Rows: 16 Ear Diameter: 1.9 inches Plant Height: 75 inches

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239 DELECTABLE Delectable is a homozygous mid-main season bicolor se with large well filled ears and dark green husk. Delectable exhibits a wide range of adaptability for home garden, fresh market, roadside stand and shipping markets. Days to Maturity: 84 (1428 heat units) Ear Height: 26 inches Ear Length: 9 inches Numb. Rows: 18 Ear Diameter: 2.1 inches Plant Height: 88 inches

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241 MIRACLE Miracle is homozygous SE of the highest quality in a gourmet sweet corn with wonderful taste, texture and crunch. The homozygous sugary enhancer renders a superb eating quality. The ears are large with refined kernels. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Days to Maturity: 84 (1428 heat units) Ear Height: 24 inches Ear Length: 9.5 inches Numb. Rows: 20 Ear Diameter: 2.0 inches Plant Height: 94 inches

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243 INCREDIBLE An improved gourmet sweet corn with the homozygous sugary enhancer endosperm; therefore, it is superb eating. Incredible is excellent for home garden, fresh market, roadside stand and shipping. Incredible has good husk protection with a very green husk and flag leaves. Incredible s wide adaptability have made it the most popular homozygous sugary enhanced variety in the world. Days to Maturity: 85 (1445 heat units) Ear Height: 30 inches Ear Length: 9.5 inches Numb. Rows: 18 Ear Diameter: 2 inches Plant Height: 96 inches

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245 Sweet Corn Commerce St La Crosse WI Phone Fax Watts Variety Type Maturity Days Heat Units Ear Height (inches) Ear Length (inches) Number Rows Ear Plant Diameter Height (inches) (inches) Color Trinity Sese bicolor Sugar Buns Sese yellow Ambrosia Sese bicolor Bodacious Sese yellow Delectable Sese bicolor Incredible Sese yellow Mystique Sese bicolor Miracle Sese yellow Mystique Mystique is a homozygous SE sugary enhancer with superior eating quality. It is a mid-season version of Delectable with excellent husk protection and good early vigor. Home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous bicolor 75 day Miracle Miracle is homozygous SE of the highest quality in a gourmet sweet corn with wonderful taste, texture and crunch. The homozygous sugary enhancer renders a superb eating quality. The ears are large with refined kernels. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous yellow 84 day

246 Trinity Trinity is a homozygous sugary enhancer bicolor with a clean compact plant, refined ear and good husk protection. Trinity is an excellent early variety with superior eating quality. The high ear placement on Trinity makes this variety suitable for mechanical harvest. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous bicolor 70 day Ambrosia Ambrosia is a homozygous enhancer with supreme eating quality. This variety is noted for its early vigor, high tolerance to Stewart s Wilt and its heartiness in shipping. Under stressful conditions, Ambrosia may tip blank. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous bicolor 75 day Delectable Delectable is a homozygous mid-main season bicolor se with large well filled ears and dark green husk. Delectable exhibits a wide range of adaptability and versatility in several markets with wonderful tenderness and taste. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous bicolor 84 day Sugar Buns Sugar Buns-homozygous se-is an early, sugary enhanced, truly gourmet flavored sweet corn hybrid. It has been a fast and steady favorite for many years. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous yellow 72 day Bodacious Bodacious is a truly homozygous sugary enhanced hybrid. It s wide adaptability in northern latitudes and consistent performance have made Bodacious the most popular variety in its class. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous yellow 75 day Incredible Incredible is an improved yellow gourmet homozygous sweet corn. Incredible s wide adaptability has made it the most popular homozygous sugary enhanced variety in the world. Short haul shipping, home garden, roadside stand and fresh market. Homozygous yellow 85 day

247 Native Grass Booklet

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249 Big Bluestem Native warm-season perennial grass Grows in open woods, prairies and dry upland sites Thrives in rich sandy soils One of the major forage producing grasses Provides excellent forage for cattle Makes great hay Creates escape and nesting cover for birds Mature height can be up to 6 ft. Seeding Rate: PLS lbs/acre June August 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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251 DESCRIPTION Sometimes called the King of native grasses, Big Bluestem will grow almost anywhere, under any conditions in the tall prairie country. Root systems that can extend up to 12 feet into the ground, give the plant it s extraordinary capacity to withstand drought and the extremes of temperatures. Growth begins in early April and some plants may reach a height of eight or nine feet before the growing season ends. The majesty of growth of Big Bluestem occurs after June 1st, which is the same approximate date that the growth of cool-season grasses slows down. By having percent of available pasture planted in Big Bluestem or other warm-season grasses, the producer can increase his total grazing operation by the same amount. APPLICATION Big Bluestem occurs on a variety of sites throughout it s range but develops best on fertile soil and clay loam soils of lowlands. Presence or absence of soil moisture seems to be the most important factor determining planting success. It develops best on moist sites in the true prairie mixed grass community. Where precipitation is limited, the Big Bluestem will be found growing in ravines and on the lower portion of gentle slopes. Despite the need for moisture, Big Bluestem will tolerate long periods of drought due to the extensive root system that can be ten or twelve feet in depth, thus enabling it to efficiently use whatever moisture is available. USES Uses for Big Bluestem are many. Due to its rapid growth pattern, it is a top choice for erosion control on moderately to well drained soils. It is one of the most palatable warm season grasses, thus making it popular for forage. Wildlife management agencies use big Bluestem as a primary component in plantings for upland birds and mammals, who use if for nesting and escape cover throughout the year. In addition, insects are attracted in large numbers to Big Bluestem, which insures the usage by many species of songbirds. SEEDING Rates: PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Sow at no more than 1/2 inch in depth. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. ph: Of all the native grasses, Big Bluestem has one of the highest tolerances of acidity in the soil. It is useful for seeding or spoil areas and other poor sites where it has been known to thrive on areas with a ph as low as 4.5. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

252 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, solid, round, 2 6 feet tall, stout, glabrous, glaucous, grooved on one side, branched toward the summit. Can have a blue or purple tinged coloration. Blades: Flat, involute or revolute, 6 24 inches long,.2.5 inches wide, usually glabrous on the underside and scabrous (rough) above, with rough margins. Usually hairy at the collar. Sheath: Generally shorter than the internodes, glaucous, and purplish. Ligule: Membranous, sometimes fringed, about.1 inch long. Inflorescence: The inflorescence is a terminal panicle that is usually composed of two or three spike-like racemes 2-4 inches long, but can have as many as seven. Usually purplish, but can be yellowish. Straight rachis, the joints and pedicles hairy on the sides and at the base, bearing spikelets in pairs. Spikelets: Paired. Sessile spikelets perfect,.3.4 inch long, lanceolate. Pedicellate spikelet about the same size and sterile or staminate. Lemma of sessile spikelet with.4.8 inch long awn that is bent and twisted below. The pedicellate spikelets are awnless. Bloom: The normal bloom period for Big Bluestem is late summer. Other Names: Tallest of the Tall, Turkey Claw, Turkey Foot Grass, King of the Prairie Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

253 Blue Grama Warm season tufted perennial grass Grows on a wide range of soils Well adapted to clay & upland areas Demonstrates good drought, fair salinity and moderate alkalinity tolerance Excellent forage for all classes of livestock and wildlife May produce 2 or 3 crops of seed Mature height can be up to inches Seeding Rate: 8-10 PLS lbs/acre April 1 May Commerce St La Crosse WI

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255 DESCRIPTION Blue grama is a warm season tufted perennial grass. It is native to the short and tall grass prairies, and makes up 75 % - 90% of the grasses found there. The prairies lie in central North America. Cold artic air currents blow in from the polar regions in the winter. Summers are hot and dry because the prairies lie in the middle of the continent, and don t get moisture from oceans. Blue grama can grow up to 18 inches tall. It grows as a bunch grass, forming open sod mats. As it matures and is grazed on by animals, the bunches grow together forming a thick sod. Blue grama is an important prairie grass because its dense, shallow root mass holds down the soil and keeps it from blowing away. Because the root system is shallow, it can quickly absorb any rain that might fall. APPLICATION Blue grama likes to grow in full sun with well-drained good soil, and can stand drought, heat, cold and mowing. Although it doesn't like shade, it can grow in open forests. People use it instead of regular grass where there are dry areas, for grazing animals, and to control erosion. Some people use the flowers in dried flower arrangements and the plant is also used in rock gardens. USES Blue grama is used for erosion control, browsing and as a decorative plant. SEEDING Rates: 8-10 PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Sow at no more than 1/2 inch in depth. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. ph: Blue Grama will tolerate soils that are low in nutrients better than acidic conditions. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

256 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, solid, round, 6-20 inches tall, slender, smooth, often bent abruptly below. Blades: Flat, involute or revolute, 1-7 inches long, very narrow, tapering, pubescent to scabrous above, glabrous to slightly scabrous below. Sheath: Shorter than the internodes, smooth to sparsely pilose, especially on the margins near the ligule. Ligule: Very short, with ciliate hair. Inflorescence: A panicle of 1-3 branches that are.5 to 1.5 inches long and often strongly curved. The rachis does not project beyond the spikelet-bearing portion of the branch. Spikelets: Numerous, (40-90), crowded, and.2 inches long, on short minutely pubescent pedicels. The fertile lemma has 1 to 3 awns. One perfect floret per spikelet, i.e. it has both stamens and pistil. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

257 Buffalograss Warm-season sod-forming perennial Protects itself by growing close to ground Eaten by all classes of livestock Seldom grows more than 5 tall Thick root system does well on heavy soils 1-1/2 2 PLS lbs/1000 sq ft May June 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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259 DESCRIPTION Buffalograss is a native perennial, warm-season sod-forming short grass which reproduces by seed and surface runners or stolons. It seldom grows more than five inches tall. It is readily eaten by all classes of livestock except when dormant during dry periods. It cures well and furnishes good winter grazing in dry areas. Buffalograss protects itself from misuse by growing close to the ground. Cattlemen need to consider the relatively low yield of Buffalograss. However, it is considered by some experts in the area of grass management to be the most palatable and nutritious of all grasses. APPLICATION Buffalograss is suited for erosion control on range areas. It is relatively easy to establish and a valuable wildlife forage. Buffalograss can be planted in lawns because of it s excellent ground covering ability with aggressive spreading under heavy use. Buffalograss can be planted in golf courses, parks, athletic fields, cemeteries and highway development spaces. USES Buffalograss can be used in wildlife areas, for erosion control and dry area lawns. SEEDING Rates: PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Sow at no more than 1/2 inch in depth. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement (Pasture): We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

260 IDENTIFICATION Clum: The staminate (male) and pistillate (female) plants grow separately. The clums are erect or decumbent, slender, 4-10 inches tall: the nodes glabrous and often with a small tuft of leaves. Stolons 2-24 inches long. The culms of the pistillate plants are much shorter than the culms of the taminate plants. In the staminate plants, the culms are longer than the leaves and in the pistallate plants, the leaves are longer than the culms. Blades: Flat, 1-8 inches long, sparsely pilose on both sides. The foliage turns a reddish brown after frost. Sheath: Loose and glabrous, but with a few marginal hairs near the collar. Ligule: Viliate membrane, obtuse. Inflorescence: Staminate plants have a panicle of 1-4 spike-like primary unilateral branches, that appear almost flag like. The pistillate plants have 1-2 bur-like clusters near mid-culm. Spikelets: The staminate plants have 6-12 spikelets per unilateral branch, in 2 rows. There are 2 florets per spikelet. The pistillate plants usually have 3-5 spikelets per bur-like cluster. The pistillate spikelets are usually one-flowered. The second glum of the pistillate spikelet has an awn. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

261 Canada Wildrye Tall growing, coarse perennial bunch Winter hardy Well adapted to many kinds of soil Produces early spring grazing Vigorous seedlings Matures in the 1st or 2nd year Beautiful curving seedheads PLS lbs/acre Alone 2-3 PLS lbs/acre in Mix Planting Date: April1 May1 Germination Rate: 14 Days Estimated Life Expectancy: 10 + Years 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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263 DESCRIPTION Canada Wildrye is a tall growing, coarse perennial bunch grass. Winter hardy, it grows well on many kinds of soil, but is especially adapted to sandy soils. Produces early spring grazing from vigorous seedlings. Canada Wildrye matures in the first or second year, ahead of other longer-lived prairie grasses and flowers. You will enjoy the view of Canada Wildrye with it s curving seedheads that resemble cultivated rye. APPLICATION Growth of Canada Wildrye will begin in the fall and continue to grow until the temperatures are consistently below 20º F. Growth will resume in early spring and continue into summer if moisture conditions are favorable. Where found, Canada Wildrye grows fairly abundantly. It is found in open sunny areas, but also thrives in shaded areas along timber boarders and in the damper areas of the bottomlands. USES Canada Wildrye is considered a desirable component of re-established prairies, native wildlife habitat and areas prone to excess moisture. SEEDING Rates: 2-3 PLS lbs/acre. in new seeding mixtures. Depth: Sow at no more than 1/2 inch in depth. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement (Pasture): We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

264 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, slender to stout, hollow, ft tall, glabrous, green or glaucous. Blades: Flat or involute, 4-12 inches long,.2-.6 inches wide, slightly narrowed toward the base, tapering to a fine point, margins with fine teeth. The upper surface is scabrous and the lower surface has a prominent midrib. Sheath: Mostly longer than the internodes, rounded, glabrous or rarely pubescent. There area prominent finger-like auricles that clasp the culm. Ligule: Membranous, truncate, entire to erose. Inflorescence: Dense terminal spikes that are erect or nodding, 2 to 12 inches long, exserted from the leaf sheaf, occasionally interrupted below. Spikelets: Usually 1-4 spikelets at each node, overlapping, slightly spreading, sessile at the alternate notches of the rachie, 2-7 flowered. The lemma awns are inches long. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

265 Eastern Gamagrass Tall growing perennial clump grass Begins spring growth early Grows best in low areas Highly palatable by cattle Fairly flood tolerant GRANDDAD of Eastern US 8-10 PLS lbs/acre Alone 2-3 PLS lbs/acre in Mix Planting Date: April 1 May Commerce St La Crosse WI

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267 DESCRIPTION Eastern Gamagrass is a native, warm-season, perennial tall grass. The grass grows in large clumps from 1-4 feet in diameter, that spread by thick, knotty rhizomes and from seeds. The plant itself will grow to heights of 3-9 feet. Nicknamed the granddad of the grasses of the eastern United States, Eastern Gamagrass has most often been found on a variety of soils in low areas. Because it is highly palatable to livestock, more growers are including Eastern Gamagrass in mixtures with other warm-season grasses or are planting it in pure stands for hay production. APPLICATION The plant will adapt to fine, medium and coarse soil textures and will handle damp situations well. However, it will not tolerate inundation for more than a few days, nor will it gown in a meadow that maintains a sloppy condition the majority of the time. It will tolerate up to 60 inches a year of precipitation, requires at least 140 frost free days and will tolerate temperatures as low as 23º F. USES Eastern Gamagrass blooms in early summer with the fruiting period beginning in mid-summer. The gamagrass seed is quite large and tough. Only 7400 seeds are found in 1 pound. The grass does not establish quickly and those wanting to use the planting for grazing or forage must wait until at least the second growing season and sometimes the third before initiating heavy use. SEEDING Rates: 8-10 PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: A planting depth of 1 inch is recommended. The suggested method of planting is a corn row planter. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. ph: A recommended minimum ph is 5.5; a maximum ph is 7.5. NPK requirement: This plant has a fairly high fertility requirement, especially of lime, phosphorous and potassium. Use nitrogen only after the stand is established and use a soil test for guidance. Weed Control: Weed control is achieved by cultivation of the field if planted in rows. A sparse planting of a nurse crop that can be harvested for hay when in the boot stage will control some weeds. After the first year, the stand should be able to compete with weeds without any other management than burning. Grazing: Grazing of Eastern Gamagrass is a major management tool, but care must be taken to prohibit the over grazing of the stand. A flash grazing program that takes the animals off the stand when grazed to 8 inches will help maintain long term vigor. Usage should be stopped entirely 30 days before the first killing frost. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

268 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect to geniculate below, solid, 4-8 feet tall, glabrous, slightly flattened at the purplish base, growing in large clumps. Blades: Flat, inches long, inch wide, glabrous or sometimes pubescent on the upper surface near the ligule, scabrous margins, long-acuminate, with a prominent midrib. Sheath: Shorter than the internodes, glabrous, sometimes with pubescence toward the top. Ligule: A short ring of hairs, truncate. Inflorescence: Panicle, 5-10 inches long, composed of 1-4 racemose branches. Spikelets: Unisexual there are staminate (male) and pistillate (female) spikelets on the same plant. The staminate spikelets occur in pairs at the terminal end of the racemose branches. The pairs are in two rows on one side of the flattened rachis. The solitary pistillate spikelets are oval, hard, embedded in the branch, and occur toward the lower one-fourth of the inflorescence branches. At maturity, the pistillate part of the inflorescence breaks into bead-like single spikelet segments, and the staminate spikelets often break apart. There are no awns. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

269 Indiangrass Often chosen for beautification projects Moderately tolerant of acidic and saline conditions Grows from 5-7 feet tall Moderate shade tolerance Strong fire tolerance Excellent for wildlife nesting areas Great livestock forage grass PLS lbs/acre April May 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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271 DESCRIPTION Indiangrass is a native, warm-season grass of good value as a livestock forage grass. Production runs high when managed in a pure stand. Indiangrass may form patches of sod and occur in bunches; it endures a wide range of weather extremes and is easily established from seed. Suited to all soil types except those saturated for an extended period, Indiangrass is considered to be an excellent native grass for most purposes. Biologist s rate Indiangrass as excellent for nesting and rearing areas of wildlife. APPLICATION Indiangrass is a native, perennial warm season bunch type grass that grows 3-5 feet in height and produces most heavily from July September. It makes excellent hay and pasture in the hot summer months. Indiangrass is excellent for wildlife habitat, critical area seeding and as roadside beautification and erosion control. Indiangrass is winter hardy and will grow throughout the northern US. It grows best in deep, well drained soil, but is tolerant of moderately wet soil. Indiangrass has a light, fluffy seed that is difficult to get through most drills. USES Uses for Indiangrass are many. It has a good livestock palatability as a forage grass, provides excellent cover for nesting wildlife & since it is soil tolerant the benefits of erosion control are many. SEEDING Rates: PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Plant the seed no more than 1/2 inch deep. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

272 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect hollow, 3-7 feet tall, nodes are fuzzy pubescent. Blades: Flat, 2-24 inches long,.2.5 inches wide, pointed, taper to a narrow base, very rough, often glaucous, prominent midrib near the base. Sheath: Upper shorter than the internodes, usually glabrous. Very prominent rabbit ear auricles. Ligule: Membranous, thick, stiff, 2-4 mm long, flanked by pointed auricles. Inflorescence: Narrow, oblong panicles, 6-12 inches long, that are large, dense and bronze-yellow. The apex is often nodding. At first the panicles are open, but are contracted and darker after flowering. Spikelets: Paired. Sessile spikelets hirsute 6-8 mm long, lanceolate, nearly circular in cross-section, perfect. Pedicellate spikelet represented merely by a hairy pedicel at one side of the sessile spikelet. The spikelets droop, are yellowish to reddish brown and covered with reddish brown hairs toward the base. Awn: The.5.75 inch awn is bent and is twisted up to the bending point. The awn is longer than the spikelet. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

273 Little Bluestem Highly drought resistant Excellent wildlife habitat Moderately shade tolerant Beautiful colors throughout the fall Great for low prairies, roadsides, near creeks & lakes Resistant to trampling 7-8 PLS lbs/acre June August 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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275 DESCRIPTION Little Bluestem is a very common native grass found in almost all states of the US. A smaller grass than Big Bluestem, it is slightly less palatable, but more drought resistant. A bunch-forming grass, Little Bluestem has a dense root system which enables it to grow on even the poorest and roughest ground. The stem and growth from previous years remain standing where it weathers to create a mulch. Growing best on medium or dry soils, new shoots are identifiable in early April and maturity is reached by late August to October. Little Bluestem is highly desirable for grazing and hay. APPLICATION Little Bluestem is drought resistant due to an extensive, dense root system. It is often found on very poor sites and in the eastern US, it is found growing as an understory in the pine-deciduous forests. However, as shade increases, Little Bluestem decreases. The seeds have been found in sites that have been without a grassland present as long as 37 years later. The sites on which Little Bluestem is found are generally considered poor and are slightly acidic with a ph or being the preferable level. USES Little Bluestem is typically found on dry, upland sites and along hillsides and ridges. It grows from both seeds and tillers in areas that receive from inches of precipitation a year. Best growth is achieved when temperatures range from 68 90º F. SEEDING Rates: 7-8 PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Plant the seed no more than 1/2 inch deep. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

276 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Solid, inches tall, slightly flattened, greenish-blue to purplish, branching above, leafy base. Blades: Linear, 2-12 inches long, acuminate, scabrous (rough) on the upper surface and margins. The leaves are usually folded sometimes with the edges rolled backward, toward the lower side. Sheath: Shorter than the internode, usually glabrous, keeled. Ligule: A fringed membrane, truncate. Inflorescence: Numerous branches on each clum, each branch terminated by a spike-like raceme 1-2 inches long. The rachis joints and the margins of the pedicels are hairy. Spikelets: Paired. The sessile spikelet is perfect and.2.3 inches long; the pediceled spikelets are staminate or sterile, inch long, and have flattened pedicels. Awn: The awn on the upper lemma of the sessile spikelet is.3.6 inches long and bent or twisted. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

277 Sideoats Grama Quick to establish Highly palatable & nutritious Provides good erosion control Good seed producer Seeds loved by small mammals and songbirds Moderate tolerance of spring flooding and shade PLS lbs/acre June August 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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279 DESCRIPTION Sideoats Grama is a medium sized, warm-season native bunchgrass. It is the largest species of the grama grasses, reaching up to 3 feet in height. The color of the grass is bluish-green and cures to a reddish-brown color in the fall. The leaves are fairly coarse and stiff. Blooms occur along one side of the seed stalk and are bright red in color. The mature seeds droop from this one edge, thus attributing to the name. Sideoats Grama germinates rapidly when conditions are favorable, which is usually a fairly long wet period. However, seedlings will not develop sufficiently to withstand a significant drought, so early continued moisture is important. APPLICATION Despite the early need for water, developed plants do not handle abundant moisture well and can easily drown out. Their long root system will penetrate deeply into the underlying areas of drier, subsurface soil, which then reduces the plants dependency on the changeable moisture levels of the topsoil. Sideoats grama does not persist on many sites. The roots lessen in number after the first year of growth and the plant will often disappear completely after 5 years. It does, however, reseed fairly easily if the site is favorable. The best growing sites are those with shallow soil, a fairly low moisture level and good drainage. Because it is so drought tolerant it often becomes abundant following prolonged dry periods. USES Modern day application of Sideoats grama is in CRP plantings, wildlife habitat re-establishment, reseeding of abandoned sites and eroding fields and in mixtures of native grasses for forage. SEEDING Rates: PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Plant the seed no more than 1/2 inch deep. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Rotational grazing or flash grazing is another good management tool. Care should be taken to prevent the livestock from grazing the warm season grass to a level that would not rebound after grazing. Use 6 inches as your stopping point and a re-growth of 12 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

280 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, solid, inches tall, glabrous, purplish at the nodes. They arise in clumps or just a few together. Blades: Numerous, flat, 2-12 inches long, scabrous above and on the margins, smooth beneath. Hairs grow out from tiny blister-like bumps on the blade margins, especially near the ligule. Sheath: Usually shorter than the internodes, striate (fine parallel lines or ridges), glabrous below to somewhat pilose above. The collar is often pilose on the margins. Ligule: A very short fringed membrane, truncate. Inflorescence: The inflorescence is a panicle, 3-16 inches long, with spike-like branches, each one-sided and inches long. The individual branches are angled to one side of the slightly zig-zag rachis and hang down. Spikelets: There are 3-8 spikelets per branch with one perfect floret and one imperfect floret. The lemma has three short, unequal awns. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

281 Switchgrass Earliest maturing warm-season grass Drought tolerant Salt tolerant Acid tolerant Provides good wildlife cover Excellent erosion control Sand stabilizer 5-7 PLS lbs/acre May June 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

282

283 DESCRIPTION Swithgrass is a native, perennial, warm season sod-forming tall grass. It is most commonly found in prairie lowlands, but will grow under a wide range of climatic conditions. A thick stand of Switchgrass makes excellent winter and early spring wildlife cover because of its ability to remain in an upright position when covered with snow or ice. Many farmers prefer Switchgrass to other varieties of native grasses because of the hard seed coat that easily feeds through conventional seeders. A drought-resistant grass, it even produces well in the driest years. During the summer of 1988, a Missouri producer reported his Switchgrass hayed in mid-july yielded 6000 lbs. per acre, compared to fescue hayed in late May which produced barely 1000 lbs. per acre. APPLICATION The grass adapts to most sites with very little difficulty. Root systems that are extensive and deep allow the plant to reach for moisture in the driest years. This root system also allows that plant to tolerate extra moisture and inundation for short periods of time without seriously affecting the plant. USES Switchgrass provides excellent nesting and brood cover for upland birds. In the tall grass prairie region, Switchgrass is generally most abundant on low-lying areas that receive some upslope moisture. Switchgrass can be found growing in brackish water, on dunes along lakeshores, and in oak and pine savannas. It is tolerant of moderate soil salinity and acidity. Switchgrass can be found growing on sites that range from ph. SEEDING Rates: 5-7 PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Plant the seed no more than 1/2 inch deep. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: If grazing, begin grazing when Switchgrass is 8-10 inches tall. Keep plant 8-16 inches in height. Then remove livestock for days. Any re-growth can be grazed again, but no shorter than 8 inches. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

284 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, 2-7 feet tall, usually unbranched above the base, glabrous, tough. Blades: Elongated, flat, 4-24 inches long and sometimes longer,.2-.6 inches wide, with rough margins. There is a triangular patch of hair on the upper surface at the base. Sheath: Shorter than the internodes, often reddish or purplish at the base. Ligule: A dense ring of hair. Inflorescence: Open, diffuse panicle, 6-20 inches long, ovate to pyramidal in shape, usually one third to one half as wide as long. Branches area ascending or spreading, with spikelets near the end. Spikelets: Ovate, swollen,.1.2 inches long, acuminate, prominently nerved, on short pedicels. Two-flowered, with the uppermost floret fertile and the lower floret sterile or staminate (containing only one stamen). No awns. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

285 Western Wheatgrass Palatable & Nutritious Withstands closer grazing Establishes easy Fall growth green into winter Excellent on terraces & stream banks Great for erosion control 5-7 PLS lbs/acre May June 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI

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287 DESCRIPTION Western Wheatgrass is a cool season native grass that can be found growing on many sites principally in the central and northern Great Plains but has been used in other areas of the country successfully. It establishes quite easily in areas of heavy soils where water can accumulate for short periods of time. Growth begins in the fall, and under most conditions, the grass remains green throughout the winter. The majority of the growth occurs in the spring. The seed is produced in June with harvest falling in late June or early July. The plant will then go dormant for the hot summer period. APPLICATION Western Wheatgrass is nutritious and grown often in pure stands as forage for livestock. The hay is high in protein if cut during the late bloom stage. Haying after seed production and harvest merely produced filler forage for livestock. One characteristic of Western Wheatgrass that is different from its warm season grass cousins is that it withstands closer grazing than the taller species. However, if this closer grazing is done during the spring months it will weaken the stand. USES Forage for livestock. Another primary use of Western Wheatgrass is associated with erosion control where it is used to seed waterways, terraces and stream banks. It often grows through standing silt with no difficulty; a slightly alkaline or saline condition is also tolerated. SEEDING Rates: 8-10 PLS lbs/acre. on new seeding. Depth: Plant the seed no more than 1/2 inch deep. Emerging seedlings lack the strength to push through too much overlying soil. More seed has been lost to poor planting practices than anything else; this is especially true of seed depth. CULTURAL PRACTICES Soil Preparation: For the best conservation practice, no-till the seed into the stubble of a previous crop or the existing stand of another species that has been successfully eradicated. Pay close attention to previous land use practices. If a row crop has been planted for many years in succession a herbicide carryover is possible. If you feel you must plow up the site before planting, prepare your seedbed like you would for any other crop. The seedbeds need to be firm, not fluffy, so the seed will not be planted at an inappropriate depth. Use a cultipacker to firm your seedbed or some other type of roller that will create a smooth planting area that is not too hard. NPK requirement: We do not recommend the use of fertilizer the first year, at least not nitrogen. Moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are beneficial, especially for root establishment, which is a primary activity of the plant the first year. Use a soil test to help you decide that rats. Fertilizer may be applied the second year to enhance vigor and production of forage. It is not necessary to fertilize at all, but stand strength may be compromised without it. Weed Control: We recommend a controlled burn every 1-3 years if possible. If not, then a mowing pattern should be established in order to control woody species invasion and prevent thatch build up. If you mow, mow no lower than 8 inches and no later than August 1. Grazing: Western Wheatgrass can tolerate moderate grazing but is damaged when grazed extensively in the spring when the majority of its growth is occurring. In addition to harming the structure of the plant, the heavy grazing increases below ground action of soil nematodes, due to the fact that heavily grazed grass has less root structure. La Crosse Forage & Turf Technical Data Report

288 IDENTIFICATION Clum: Erect, hollow, inches tall, glabrous to glaucous, sterile shoots at the very base, growing singly or in small clusters. Blades: Flat to involute, 4-10 inches long, up to.25 inch wide, glaucous, rigid, tapering to a point, bluish green, scabrous above, prominently veined. Sheath: Shorter than the internodes, rounded, glabrous or scabrous. Ligule: Short, membranous ring, erose to somewhat ciliate, truncate. Inflorescence: Terminal, erect, two-sided spike, 3-8 inches long. Spikelets: Solitary or sometimes two per node, overlapping, 3-12 flowered,.6 1 inch long, glaucous. The lemmas and glumes have pointed tips. Area of Adaptation 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI phone fax watts

289 Little Bluestem Side Oats Grama Buffalograss Shorter blend of four nativegrasses in equal parts. Blue Grama Provides an excellent backdrop for wildflowers or intermixed in equal parts. Seeding Rate: lbs./acre

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291 Taller, Iowa prairie mix that provides wildlife habitat, color & natural filtration. Seeding Rate: 10/20 lbs./acre Big Bluestem Switchgrass Indiangrass

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293 Floodplain Mixture Big Bluestem Canada Wildrye Western Wheatgrass Switchgrass Virginia Wildrye Reed Canarygrass Red Top Use this blend of deep-rooted grasses to re-establish damaged floodplains. This mixture also can withstand seasonal flooding and contains grasses with different levels of tolerance. The grasses in this mixture and their tolerance to inundation (standing water) vary: Reed Canarygrass and Western Wheatgrass have shown tolerance up to 60 days: Red Top, Switchgrass and Canada Wildrye, days; Big Bluestem 7-14 days. Temperature, soil type, water depth and age of stand all influence the grasses tolerance for inundation. Plants are more tolerant to flooding during early spring and hot summer months. This mixture is recommended along fluctuating shorelines, on dams and for lowland pasture. Mixture includes: Virginia Wildrye, Switchgrass, Canada Wildrye, Western Wheatgrass, Reed Canarygrass, Red Top and Big Bluestem. Seeding rate: #/Acre in spring or in the fall after the frost. * Increase rate when wet conditions dictate broadcast seeding*

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295 What are these mixes used for? Companion for wildflowers to provide support, ideal competition, and natural backdrop (Eco-Short recommended for this) Entrances to cities, parks, housing developments, and industrial complexes. Low maintenance areas in parks, golf courses, gardens and lawns Roadside seeding, prairie restoration, and wildlife habitat Ecologically correct landscaping and erosion control Educational institutions and outdoor classrooms Little Bluestem Why plant Native grasses? Why should we try to identify and preserve the little prairie that is left? There are less than four square miles of native prairie left in Iowa. Can you imagine Vermont with only four square miles of hardwood forests, Colorado without it s mountains? Why should we try to reclaim a few acres here and there a roadside a ditch? One reason is to learn. The better we know our past, the clearer we can see our future. The prairie has much to teach us. One thing you can learn in a reclamation project is patience. Most of us are geared toward farming or gardening. You plan, you plant, and you reap, all in one season. In a reclamation, perseverance is required, along with a sensitivity to the natural balance that time will achieve. Side Oats Grama Buffalograss 2541 Commerce St La Crosse WI Blue Grama

296 Little Bluestem This is a fine leafed bunchgrass that turns beautiful colors of bluish-red in the fall and winter. Has a dense root system that is a must for erosion control. Height: 2-3 Feet Buffalograss This is a fine-leafed native grass that tolerates the hot dry conditions that Iowa can have some seasons. Works well as a sod former as it runs above ground. Height: 5 inches Side Oats Grama Fine-leafed that has a purple seed in season and turns to a reddish-white color after frost. Has a dense root system that helps with erosion control. Height: Feet Blue Grama Blue Grama is a fine-leafed bunchgrass that grows in many types of soil. It develops white to purple spikelets or flags on each stem. Height: 3-6 inches Big Bluestem Seeding Rates: Planted alone either mixture has a suggested seeding rate of 10-20# s per acre. Planted with Wildflowers (Eco-Short suggested) - Same Rate of seeding with the total weight including the wildflowers make sure the grasses are equivalent to 50-60% of the mixture. Big Bluestem The King of native grasses as cattle like it so well. After frost this sod forming grass turns light reddish purple with a turkey-foot head. Height: 4-5 Feet Switchgrass Winter hardy and drought resistant. Grows in a wide range of soils and climates. Feathery open heads turning orange, yellow in the winter. Height: 4-5 Feet Indiangrass Tall native species that waves its golden plume-like head in September, making it one of the most beautiful of the grasses. 1 of the most palatable for livestock. Height: 5-8 Feet Switchgrass Indiangrass

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305 USEFUL INFORMATION AREAS OF USE GOLF COURSE Green 4-7,000 sq.ft. Tee 3,000-8,000 sq.ft. Fairway 3-6 acres FOOTBALL FIELD 160' x 360' = 57,600 sq.ft. BASEBALL DIAMOND Infield area - 90'x9O' = 8, 100 sq.ft. Home plate to L 300'-360' Home plate to C 360'-410' Home plate to R 300'-360' Mound to home plate = 60'6" Home plate to 1st = 90' Home plate to 2nd 127' 3-3/8" Home plate to 3rd 90' TENNIS COURT Regulation 78'x 36' = 2,808 sq.ft. Full 120' x 60' = 7,200 sq.ft. SOCCER PITCH Small 195' x 330' = 64,350 sq.ft. Large 225' x 360' = 81,000 sq.ft. RUGBY PITCH 328' x 226' = 74,128 sq.ft. HOCKEY PITCH Small 301' x 164' = 49,364 sq.ft. Large 300' x 180' = 54,000 sq.ft. CRICKET SQUARE 90' x 90' = 8,100 sq.ft. CROQUET 75' x 40' = 3,000 sq.ft. LAWN BOWLING Minimum 110' x 110' = 12,100 sq.ft. Maximum 125' x 110' = 13,750 sq.ft. METRIC CONVERSION WEIGHT 1 Metric ton (mt) US tons 1 Kilogram (kg) = lbs. 1 Gram (g) oz. AREA 1 Hectare (ha) = 107,640 sq.ft. 1 Hectare (ha) = acres 1 Square meter (sq.m.) = sq.ft. 1 Square centimeter (sq.cm.) =.1549 sq.in. 1 Square mile (640 acres) = 259 ha 1 Acre (43,560 sq.ft) =.4047 ha 1 Square foot =.0929 sq.m. 1 Square inch = sq.cm. LENGTH 1 Kilometer (km) =.6214 miles 1 Meter (m) = feet 1 Meter = inches 1 Centimeter = inches 1 Millimeter (mm) = inches 1 Mile = kilometers 1 Foot (12 inches) = meters 1 Inch = centimeters TEMPERATURE (ºC x 1.8) + 32 = ºF (ºF - 32) x 555 = ºC YIELD 1 Metric ton/ha = US ton/ac 1 Kilogram/ha = lbs./acre 1 US ton/acre mt/ha HELPFUL CONVERSION Pounds per 1,000 sq. ft. to g/sq.m. Multiply pounds by = g/sq.m. Pounds per acre to kg/ha. Multiply pounds by 1.12 VOLLEYBALL 30' x 60' = 1,800 sq.ft. 33

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307 Seeding Chart Kind of Seed Lbs. Per Bushel Seeding Rate (#/Acre) Approx. Seeds/Lb Planting Dates Days to Germination Alfalfa April 1 Sept 1 7 Barley, Winter Early Spring 7 Bermuda Grass April 1 Sept Birdsfoot Trefoil April 1 May 1 12 Blue Grama April 15 May Bluegrass, Ky. For Lawn Spring/Summer/Fall 21 Bluegrass, Ky. For Pasture Spring/Summer/Fall 21 Bluestem, Big or Little April 15 May Bromegrass Early Spring Early Fall 14 Clover, Alsike April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Alsike in mixtures April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Alsike & Timothy Mix 8-10 April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Crimson April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Ladino April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Mammoth April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Mammoth in mixtures April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Medium Red April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Med. Red in mixtures 4-6 April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Sweet (yellow or white) April 1 May 1 7 Clover, Sweet (white unhulled) April 1 May 1 7 Clover, White Dutch April 1 May 1 7 Fescue, Meadow April 1 Sept Fescue, Tall April 1 Sept Flax April 15 May 15 7 Indiangrass April 15 May Lespedeza - Korean April June 7 Millet for hay May 15 July Mille Japanese May 15 July Oats Early Spring 7 Orchardgrass April 1 May 30 August 1 Sept 15 21

308 Seeding Chart Kind of Seed Lbs. Per Bushel Seeding Rate (#/Acre) Approx. Seeds/Lb Planting Dates Days to Germination Popcorn April May 3-5 Rape (broadcast) April August 8 Red Top (Solid Seed) Spring 21 Reedcanarygrass April 1 May 30 August 1 August 30 Ryegrain September 7 Ryegrass (Ann or Per) Spring Fall 7 Sideoats Grama April 15 May Sorghum, Forage (broadcast) May 15 July Sorghum (in rows) May 15 July Sudangrass (broadcast) May 15 July Sunflower May June 3-5 Switchgrass April 15 June 1 21 Timothy April 1 Sept Vetch, Crown April 1 May 1 10 Vetch, Hairy August 1 September Winter Wheat September 7 21

309 PLS=Pure Live Seed n/a=not Available THE PROVIDED INFORMATION IS BASED ON GENERALLY ACCEPTED INDUSTRY STANDARDS. WHERE STANDARDS HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED OR SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON LOCAL CONDITIONS OR USE, NO INFORMATION IS GIVEN. CONSULT YOUR LOCAL AGRONOMIST OR FSG SEED REPRESENTATIVE FOR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR YOUR AREA.