Disease management of row crops Agronomic In-Service Training, NREC Quincy, FL January 17th, 2017
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1 Disease management of row crops Agronomic In-Service Training, NREC Quincy, FL January 17th, 2017 Nicholas S. Dufault Extension Specialist Row Crops & Vegetables Plant Pathology Department/IFAS University of Florida
2 Disease topics: Cotton & Peanut Cotton Diseases Fungicides available Multi-state trials Assess Risk Peanut Diseases Variability of products Rotating modes of action Cultivar selection Trial Results On-farm results
3 Do fungicides help control disease and save yields in cotton? Target spot (Corynespora) Includes boll rots Tan centers Stemphylium leaf spot Secondary disease Potassium deficiencies Photo Courtesy of Bob Kemerait
4 Fungicides for Foliar Diseases of Cotton Headline (pyraclostrobin) (6 fl oz/a) Single application expected Labeled for foliar disease control Twinline (pyraclostrobin + metconazole) (7-8.5 fl oz/a) 2(ee) label for control of leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) Quadris (azoxystrobin) (6 or 9 fl oz/a) Supplemental label received in July 2008 Priaxor (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin) (4 to 8 fl oz/a) Corynespora control, release Supplemental label Topguard (flutriafol) (7 to 14 fl oz/a) Corynespora Control Rate still being evaluated Tebuzol 3.6F (tebuconazol) (6-8 fl oz/a) Labeled for control of southwestern cotton rust Puccinia cacabata
5 Multi-state project with 7 states over 3 years from gulf coast to Virginia Virginia Tennessee Louisiana Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida
6 Variety effects on disease
7 Significant effects of variety were observed on severity across years & locations. 100 Excluding (FL-2014, MS-2015) 80 Severity (%) DP1137 Phyt. 499
8 Variety also had a significant effect on defoliation across years & locations. 100 Excluding (VA-2014, FL-2014, MS-2015) Defoliation (%) DP1137 Phyt. 499
9 There were occasions when DP1137 had slight more or similar defoliation to PHY PHY499 DP Percent (%) Defoliation GA-1 in 2016 is an example FL GA-1 GA-2 AL MS LA-1 LA-2 TN
10 How did fungicides effect disease and yields?
11 In general, all fungicide treatments reduced defoliation. Priaxor results on Phytogen 499
12 However, this results was less apparent on DP1137. Priaxor results on Delta & Pine Land 1137
13 Only, Headline and Priaxor applications lead to significant yield increases. This effect was more apparent on Phytogen 499. Yield increases were about 5 to 6% on average.
14 Is a 6% yield increase enough? If you produce 2 bales of cotton per acre: that is ~60 lb increase per acre at 75 cents that is $45 per acre gain fungicide cost alone is $26.24 per acre Returns on fungicide are minimal CottonUS.org
15 Target spot can be a problem! Corynespora target spot onset and severity varied among locations throughout the southeast Disease varied between cultivars, indicating cultivar is important. Fungicides can reduce defoliation, especially in certain cultivars (i.e. Phytogen499) Fungicides can save yields (1 to 10%), but it depends of cultivar and year/environment.
16 No matter what, it is critical to assess the risk of disease first (Scout!) Guide.pdf get%20spot%20control%20options%20timely%20information.p df
17 Peanut disease management
18 Products vary in their disease control Leaf spot individual product trials Group 3 (Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, Alto) Group 11 (Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin) Group 7 (Penthiopyrad) Planting date: after 6/1 Variety: Georgia-06G
19 Specific chemistries control specific leaf spot pathogens. Disease Incidence (%) ELS LLS Rust Untreated Chloro. Only Teb. Only Azoxy. Only Pyrac. Only 2014 Citra Data
20 It appears region was also important for overall disease control. 200 Citra (ELS) Marianna (LLS) Quincy (Rust) Percent (%) Yield Increase Chlor. Teb. Azoxy. Pyrac. Prop Yield Data
21 Group 11s do not do well when early leaf spot (58% of disease) is predominate. Percent (%) Yield Increase Chloro. Teb. Azxoy. Pyrac. Prop. Alto Fontelis 2016 Citra Data
22 Group 3s had less control when LLS was predominate. 1 NTC 2 Chloro. 3 Teb. 4 Azoxy. 5 Pyrac. 6 Prop. 7 Chloro/Prop 8 Teb/Chloro 9 Alto. 10 Fontelis 2016 Jay Data
23 Based on the data it seems: Azoxystrobin Weak - ELS & LLS Strong - Rust Tebuconazole Weak - LLS Moderate - Rust Strong - ELS Pyraclostrobin Moderate - LLS Weak - ELS Strong - Rust Propiconazole Weak - LLS Strong - ELS Moderate/Strong - Rust
24 Resistance is a concern, and population diversity is key to understanding control. ELS LLS Rust 2015 Disease Incidence
25 Rotating modes of action key to disease control when resistance is present. Group 3 Group 7 Group 11 Mixed
26 Rotating fungicide MOAs, increases the likelihood of a yield savings Citra, FL Yield lbs/a y = x R² = # of Different FRAC Products ~ 900 lb/a increase for each FRA # added
27 However, net returns tend to max out when 3 modes of action are used. $47.37/A increase in avg. net return with each increase in # of modes of action from 1 to 3
28 Besides rotating fungicides, cultivar selection is critical to managing resistance.
29 Cultivar choice can determine the appropriate spray program. Planting Dates: 4/30 and 6/ / / Cultivars Georgia-06G TUFRunner 511 Florida 07 UF15302 FloRun 107 FloRun157 TUFRunner727 TUFRunner297 Days After Planting Sprays Echo 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Abound 18 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 5 Sprays Echo 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a Abound 18 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7 Sprays Echo 1.5 pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Abound 18 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a 7.2 fl oz/a + Echo pt/a Echo 1.5 pt/a
30 In a low disease situation, varieties responded similarly to spray inputs for yield savings. Yield Increase (lb/a) Georgia-06G Yield ~6400 lb/a 0 Sprays 4 Sprays 5 Sprays 7 Sprays GA-06G FL-07 TUFRunner 511 FloRun 107 TUFRunner 727
31 Similar trends with moderate disease. Yield Increase (lb/a) Georgia-06G Yield ~2300 lb/a 0 Sprays 4 Sprays 5 Sprays 7 Sprays 0 GA06G UF15302 TUFRunner511 FloRun157 TUFRunner UF15302 significantly higher yield with 0 sprays.
32 However, in a high disease situation, variety is critical to determining yield response from sprays Georgia-06G Yield ~800 lb/a Yield Increase (lb/a) Sprays 4 Sprays 5 Sprays 7 Sprays GA-06G FL-07 TUFRunner 511 FloRun 107 TUFRunner 727 TUFRunner 727 and FL-07 yields were high in reduced spray programs.
33 Disease resistant cultivars are less affected by spray reductions than more susceptible cultivars. Log (Yield in lb/a) TUF FL GA-06G O6G TUF727 FL Number of Sprays
34 Peanut Rx assesses preseason risk of disease, especially with susceptible varieties.
35 2016 Fungicide Trial Observations 6 th year of continuous peanuts Inoculated with White Mold 2011 and 2012 Inoculated with Rhizoctonia 2012 Planting date: 5/16 Harvest date: 10/16 Variety: Georgia-06G
36 VelumTotal provided some benefits, but not significant with low nematode pressure LSD = Yield (lb/a) Untreated Echo Only (24 fl oz) VelumTotal (18 fl oz) VelumTotal (18 fl oz), Propulse (13.7 fl oz)
37 Elatus continues to perform well and especially with new compound LSD = 785 Yield (lb/a)
38 Chemical diversity, timing & number of sprays all important for disease management On-Farm Evaluation of Fungicide Programs for Peanut Disease Control in Hamilton County, Florida
39 Questions?
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