Evaluation of Cotton Yield, Quality, and Growth Response to Soil-Applied Potassium
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1 Evaluation of Cotton Yield, Quality, and Growth Response to Soil-Applied Potassium An Extension Cotton Specialist Project Katie L. Lewis G.D. Morgan, R. Boman, D. Delaney, D. Dodds, K. Edmisten, H. Frame, D. Fromme, A. Jones, M. Jones, R. Norton, T. Raper, B. Robertson, and R. Nichols 2017 Fluid Forum Program Scottsdale, AZ February 20, 2017
2 Introduction Introduction Increased reports of K deficiency symptoms from across the Cotton Belt Modern varieties increased yields and in many cases faster fruiting increased K demand in a shorter amount of time K deficient plants more prone to foliar diseases 0 kg ha -1 K 2 O 120 kg ha -1 K 2 O
3
4 Objectives 1. Quantify soil K + levels with depth from major cotton production regions in the Cotton Belt 2. Evaluate the impact of application methods and rates of K + on cotton yield, quality, and return on investment 3. Determine the impact of K + application rate and method on soil K + levels over a 3 year cotton cropping system Based on these findings, soil K + recommendations will be reevaluated and modified as appropriate to optimize yields
5 Materials and Methods Locations R. Boman, D. Delaney, D. Dodds, K. Edmisten, H. Frame D. Fromme, A. Jones, M. Jones, K. Lewis, G. Morgan, R. Norton, T. Raper, B. Robertson, and R. Nichols Single year sites Multi-year sites
6 Materials and Methods Variety DP 1321 B2RF 2015 DP 1522 B2XF 2016 Soil Analysis Sampling Depths 0-6, 6-12, and inch Mehlich III extraction (all locations) Additional Analyses Leaf K at first bloom Lint yield Fiber quality
7 Materials and Methods Treatment Factors: Application Method Broadcast incorporated, > 3 Granular KCl (0-0-60) Knife injected, 4 x 6 from seed furrow Liquid KCl (0-0-15), Arizona used potassium sulfate all other locations used KCl Application Rate 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 lb K A -1 All plots received equivalent amounts of N and P fertilizer Fertilizer was applied 2 to 4 weeks before planting
8 Results: Single-Year Sites
9 * * * AZ TX-Lbk TX-Wh TX-Th TN MS MO * LA * AR AR SC VA 2015 Sites 12-24" 6-12" 0-6" * Single year site Soil K ppm
10 2016 Single-year Sites
11 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: South and East Texas (Dryland) Injected Broadcast Wharton, 2016 Wharton, 2015 Williamson, 2015* Williamson, 2016 Application Rate (lb K/A) *Significant yield response (P<0.05)
12 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: TX, OK, and AZ (Irrigated) Lint Yield: Texas, OK, and AZ - Irrigated Injected Broadcast Oklahoma, 2016 Arizona, 2015 Lubbock, 2015* Lubbock, 2016 Application Rate (lb K/A) *Significant yield response (P<0.05)
13 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: Delta Region, Mississippi 2000 Arkansas St. Francis 1500 Louisiana 1000 Arkansas - Desha Tennessee Missouri 500 Injected Broadcast Application Rate (lb K/A)
14 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: Delta Region, Arkansas - Desha Injected Broadcast Louisiana Application Rate (lb K/A)
15 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: Eastern Region, Injected Broadcast Alabama Virginia South Carolina Application Rate (lb/a)
16 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: Eastern Region, Alabama Virginia* Injected Broadcast *Significant yield response (P<0.05) Application Rate (lb/a)
17 Results: Multi-Year Sites
18 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Virginia: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 95 ppm K 2016: 92 ppm K *Difference between 2015 and 2016
19 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) South Carolina: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 77 ppm K 2016: 63 ppm K *Difference between 2015 and 2016
20 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Tennessee: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 58 ppm K 2016: 54 ppm K *Difference between 2015 and 2016
21 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Arkansas: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 176 ppm K 2016: 162 ppm K *Difference between 2015 and 2016
22 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Missouri: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 94 ppm K 2016: 128 ppm K a-c a-c a-c ab bc a-c ab bc a 20 c *Difference between 2015 and 2016
23 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Mississippi: Change in Soil Test K Levels : 139 ppm K 2016: 173 ppm K a bc bc ab ab bc bc ab bc 0-20 c *Difference between 2015 and 2016
24 B_0 B_40 B_80 B_120 B_160 I_0 I_40 I_80 I_120 I_160 Change in K* (ppm) Arizona: Change in Soil Test K Levels A a a 2015: 515 ppm K 2016: 543 ppm K ab ab ab 50 b ab b b AB ab B-D A-C B-D A-D CD CD D A-C *Difference between 2015 and 2016
25 Lint yield (lb/a) Delta Region, 2016 AR = 162 ppm K MS = 173 ppm K MO = 128 ppm K TN = 54 ppm K Mississippi Missouri Arkansas St. Francis Tennessee Broadcast Injected Application Rate (lb K/A)
26 Lint yield (lb/a) Southeast, 2016 VA = 91 ppm K SC = 63 ppm K Virginia South Carolina Broadcast Injected Application Rate (lb K/A)
27 Lint yield (lb/a) Lint Yield: Arizona, Broadcast Injected 543 ppm K Application Rate (lb K/A)
28 Lint Yield (lb/acre) Data Analysis: Combined Years Lubbock: lint yield combined, 2015 and P = P = B AB A A A Brd-0 Brd-40 Brd-80 Brd-120 Brd-160 Inj-0 Inj-40 Inj-80 Inj-120 Inj-160
29 ROI ($/acre) Data Analysis: Combined Years Lubbock: ROI combined, 2015 and P = P = $87 +$124 +$144 +$ B AB A A A Brd-0 Brd-40 Brd-80 Brd-120 Brd-160 Inj-0 Inj-40 Inj-80 Inj-120 Inj-160
30 Conclusions: Single-Year Sites Application method comparisons Injected had a more consistent yield response Injected increase K use efficiency (lint/unit of K) At responsive sites (less than 150 ppm) Micronaire increased as K levels increased Strength increased at some sites as K levels increased Current soil analysis thresholds for K may need to be reevaluated
31 Conclusions: Multi-Year Sites Despite the sites in Southeast and Delta regions being at or below 125 ppm threshold and high yields for multiple years, no consistent yield response was observed from either application method or rates The Southwest location was not responsive for yield but did show some removal of K with depth In previous research, yield lint response has been more consistent in low moisture years. Adequate moisture in most locations in 2016 likely contributed to the lack of response to K applications
32 Acknowledgments Funding Sources Cotton Incorporated Fluid Fertilizer Foundation I.P.N.I. DeltaPine seed Cooperators
33 Katie L. Lewis, PhD Assistant Professor Soil Chemistry & Fertility Texas A&M AgriLife Research 1102 E. FM 1294, Lubbock
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