Fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions and energy efficiency

Transcription

1 Fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions and energy efficiency of soil tillage systems in Austria Markus Schüller University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Folie 1

2 Overview Introduction Material & methods Results & discussion Conclusions Folie 2

3 1. Introduction Universität für Bodenkultur Wien Japan 1997 : Kyoto protocol Greenhouse gas reduction by 13% (base: emissions 1990) 2008: 86.6 Mio t CO : 67.6 Mio t CO 2 Emissions increased by 8.5 % compared to 1990 World 2007: Mio t CO 2 Folie 3

4 1. Introduction Folie 4

5 2. Material & methods 3 soil tillage practices: conventional tillage (ct): Disc harrow or heavy cultivator Moldboard plough Combined power harrow and seeding machine reduced tillage (rt): Disc harrow or heavy cultivator Combined power harrow and seeding machine no tillage (nt): Seeding machine for no tillage Folie 5

6 2. Material & methods Description of the 3 locations in Austria: Tulln Gross Enzersdorf Kirchberg am Walde Average temperature 9.4 C 9.8 C 9,1 C Average rainfall/year 685 mm 546 mm 730 mm Soil texture loamy clay silty loam loamy sand Type of soil Gleyc Chernozem Chernozem Brown earth Folie 6

7 2. Material & methods

8 2. Material & methods 2 methodes to measure fuel consumption (soil tillage and seeding) Gross Enzersdorf: high-performance h flow-meter (PLU 116H) Tulln & Kirchberg am Walde: volumetric measurement of fuel through filling in the fuel tank 1 repetition = (2 field lengths + 1 turning process ) fuel consumption for soil care and harvest estimated by KTBL Fuel: 1 l= 2.65 kg CO 2 Folie 8

9 2. Material & methods CO 2 -emission for agricultural inputs according to literaturefactors Input kg CO 2 /kg Substance Literaturere Diesel fuel 3.15 KTBL (2008) Herbicide 8.33 KTBL (2008) Fungicide 5.54 KTBL (2009) Insecticide 23.7 KTBL (2010) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) 6.81 Kongshaug (1998) Diammonium phosphate 0.46 Kongshaug (1998) Urea (46 % N) Kongshaug (1998) NPK (15:15:15) 1.12 Davis and Hagland (1999) Seed 0,21 Folie 9

10 2. Material & methods

11 3. Results & discussion Fuel consumption of different tillage systems in Gross Enzersdorf (LA) Fue el consump ption (l) Σ 2168 MJ/ha Σ 1394 MJ/ha Σ 1017MJ/ha Σ 61,6 L/ha Σ39,6 L/ha 18,8 1,6 1,3 Σ 28,9 L/ha 14,9 18,8 1,6 1,3 18,8 19,1 5,9 6,6 1,6 2,6 59 5,9 54 5,4 59 5,9 CT RT NT Harvesting, 4 m, 140 kw Plant protection 2 x (NT 3 x) Fertilization 2 x Seeding maschine Heavy cultivator Plough, 4 Mouldboard, 1,6 m Heavy cultivator soil tillage systems Folie 11

12 3. Results & discussion Fuel consumption of different tillage systems in Kirchberg (ST) el consump ption (l) fu Σ 2684 MJ/ha Σ 2247 MJ/ha Σ 1282 MJ/ha Σ 76,3 763L/ha Σ 63,8 L/ha 18, ,3 18,91 5, Σ 36,41 L/ha 7,3 26,35 5,78 18,91 13, ,92 13,92 12,5 2 CT RT NT Harvesting, 4 m, 140 kw Plant protection 2 x (NT 3 x) Fertilization 2 x Seeding maschine cultivator 3,8 m Plough, 3 Mould board, 12m 1,2 Heavy cultivator 2,2 m Heavy cultivator 2,2 m soil tillage systems Folie 12

13 3. Results & discussion Fuel consumption of different tillage systems in Tulln (LA) uel consum mption (l) f Σ 2883 MJ/ha Σ 1837 MJ/ha Σ 1102 MJ/ha Σ 82 l 80 18, ,6 2,4 Σ 52 l 50 19,5 18, ,6 2,4 Σ 31 l 20 32,2 18,8 23,8 3,9 10 2,4 0 6,4 4,6 6,2 CT RT NT soil tillage systems Harvesting, 4 m Plant protection 2 x (3x NT) Fertilization 3 x Seeding maschine, 3 m Plough, 4 Mouldboard, 1,52 m, Dic harrow, 3 m Folie 13

14 3. Results & discussion CO 2 - emission CO2 emissions for wheat production in different soil tillage systems at Gross Enzersdorf CT RT NT Direct CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) Fuel for soil tillage (kg CO2/ha) ,7 Fuel for fertilizer application* (kg CO2/ha) 12 m; 60 kw; 0.8 l ha-1; 2-times Fuel for pesticide application* (kg CO2/ha) m; 60 kw; 1.3 l ha 1 ; +1 glyphosate application in no tillage 4,2 4,2 4,2 3,5 3,5 6,91 Fuel for harvest (combine)* (kg CO2/ha) 4 m, 140 kw; l ha-1 49,8 49,8 49,8 Indirect CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) Fertilizers (kg CO2/ha) 380 kg NAC (27:0:0) (kg CO2/ha) 2586,3 2586,3 2586,3 Seeds (165 kg/ha) (kg CO2/ha) Herbicides (775 g/ha) + 1 Round-up up in no tillage (kg CO2/ha) 17 1,7 17 1,7 18,4 Total CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) University of Natural Resources CO2 intensity and (kglife CO2/kg Sciences Ertrag) 0,586 0,509 0,525 Folie 14

15 3. Results & discussion CO2 emissions for wheat production in CT RT NT different soil tillage systems at Kirchberg Direct CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) Indirect CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) Total CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) CO2 intensity (kg CO2/kg Ertrag) 0,326 0,307 0,307 Folie 15

16 3. Results & discussion CO2 emissions for wheat production in different soil tillage systems at Tulln CT RT NT Direct CO2 emission i (kg CO2/ha) Indirect CO2 emission (kg CO2/ha) TtlCO2 Total emission i (kg CO2/h) CO2/ha) CO2 intensity (kg CO2/kg Ertrag) 0,394 0,382 0,364 Folie 16

17 4. Conclusions Fuel consumption reduced about 50 %, change from CT to NT Direct/indirect emissions & field yield: conclusive for evaluation of tillage system location (type of spoil) influences the fuel consumption 90 % of CO2 emission due to fertilizer CO2 intensity important information Folie 17

18 Thank you for your attention Folie 18