Greg Lutz & Mark Shirley LSU AgCenter LA Sea Grant

Transcription

1 Greg Lutz & Mark Shirley LSU AgCenter LA Sea Grant

2 A well-designed and constructed pond is a major capital investment. It can enhance property values, become an eyesore, or be nothing more than an attractive nuisance that may increase insurance costs.

3 Throughout the country, one can find dammed ponds between hillsides, rectangular or square ponds on level ground with levees on all sides, or excavated, dug out pit ponds.

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5 POND LEVEES Minimum average depth of 4 feet. No part less than 3 feet deep. Water depths of more than 6 feet do not increase overall fish production. Depending on soils and construction, levees may require 15% to 20% additional height to compensate for settling.

6 What is wrong with this picture?

7 Reduced light penetration reduces aquatic weeds.

8 Not all ponds need fertilization. Heavily fished ponds should be fertilized. Clear ponds should be fertilized to control aquatic weeds. Pond fertilizer application should contain 4-8 lb phosphorus and 2-4 lb nitrogen per surface acre.

9 Liquid fertilizer: dilute with 10 parts water and splash over pond surface. Do not pour directly into ponds. Keep granular fertilizers from contact with pond mud. Platforms allow granular fertilizer to dissolve slowly.

10 Fertilization provides nutrients for algal growth, which reduces light penetration below the level required for submerged plant growth. Do not start a fertilization program until the current weed infestation is controlled.

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12 Ponds with soft, acid water are not conducive to fish growth or survival and often do not respond to fertilizer. If the water does not turn green after six weeks of fertilization, liming may be necessary. Apply lime during late fall and winter. Agricultural limestone is best and safest. Even distribution is essential for good results. A method frequently used with good results is to apply the amount of lime recommended by a soil test, then apply one-fourth of that amount each succeeding year to keep lime requirements satisfied.

13 Identify the Plant Determine the area to treat Expensive $$$$ Time Consuming Can Cause Fish Kills Use Restrictions

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15 aquaplant.tamu.edu

16 lsuagcenter.com Management Guides Chemical Weed Control Guide Aquatic Weed Control

17 Duckweed Diquat (G) Imazapyr (E) Penoxsulam (E) Flumioxazin (E) Fluridone (E) Common Salvinia 2-4 D (G) Glyphosate (G) Diquat (G) Imazapyr (E) Penoxsulam (E) Flumioxazin (E) Fluridone (E) Water Hyacinth Glyphosate (G) 2-4 D (E) Diquat (E) Imazapyr (E) Triclopyr (E) Penoxsulam (E) Flumioxazin (E) Fluridone (E)

18 Alligator Weed 2-4 D (G) Glyphosate (G) Diquat (G) Imazamox (E) Imazapyr (E) Triclopyr (E) Water Primrose Creeping Primrose 2-4 D (E) Diquat (G) Imazamox (E) Triclopyr (E) Penoxsulam (E) Water Pennywort 2-4 D (G) Diquat (G) Glyphosate (G) Triclopyr (G) Imazamox (E) Imazapyr (E) Penoxsulam (E)

19 Naiad Copper (G) Diquat (G) Copper + Diquat (E) Endothal (E) Floridone (E) Penoxsulam (E) Flumioxazin (E) Coontail 2,4-D (G) Diquat (E) Endothall (E) Floridone (E) Flumioxazin (G) Hydrilla Copper (G) Diquat (G) Copper + Diquat (E) Endothal (G) Floridone (E) Penoxsulam (E) Flumioxazin (G)

20 Chara or Muskgrass Copper Compounds (G) Endothall (G) Diquat (G) Filamentous Algae Copper Compounds (G) Diquat (G) Endothall (G)

21 Cattail Diquat (G) Glyphosate (E) Imazapyre (E) Imazamox (E) Torpedo Grass Glyphosate Imazapyre Soft Rush Glyphosate

22 Aquatic Herbicides : 2,4-D Navigate, Aquacide and Weedar 64 are 2,4-D compounds that are systemic herbicides. Foliar spray with approved surfactant is used on floating or emergent broadleaf weeds. Pellets can be used to control submerged plants. 1 gallon per acre or lbs per acre Alligator Weed American Lotus Common Salvinia Parrot Feather Pickerelweed Water Hyacinth Pennywort Primrose Coontail Milfoil $ 80 / 12 lbs $ 60 / 2.5 gallons

23 Aquatic Herbicide: Glyphosate Rodeo, Aquamaster, Eraser AQ, Touchdown Pro, and AquaNeat are liquid glyphosate formulations and have been effective on some broad leaf plants and grasses and sedges. Glyphosate is broad spectrum, systemic herbicides. An aquatic registered surfactant (see the label) will have to be added to the glyphosate solution for good results. 4 6 pints per acre Cattails Bullrush Maidencane Sedges Torpedo Grass Primrose Cutgrass Wire Grass Roseau Cane $60 / qt.

24 Aquatic Herbicide: Tryclopyr Renovate is a liquid triclopyr formulation that is effective on many weeds. It is a selective broadleaf, systemic herbicide with little or no impact on grasses. An aquatic registered surfactant (see the label) will improve the effectiveness of triclopyr. 2-8 qts per acre Primrose Alligator Weed Water Hyacinth Pennywort Willow Chinese Tallow Lotus Roseau Cane Waterlilly $ 60 / quart $ 375 / 2.5 gallons

25 Aquatic Herbicide: Imazapyr Habitat contains the active ingredient, imazapyr, which inhibits the plant enzyme AHAS (acetohydroxyaced synthase). Habitat is a systemic herbicide that is effective on post-emergent floating and emergent aquatic vegetation. Imazapyr is effective at low-volume rates and does not contain heavy metals, organochlorides or phosphates, making it safe to humans and livestock. Habitat requires the use of a surfactant when applying on post-emergent vegetation. 1 6 pts. per acre Duckweed Water Hyacinth Alligator Weed Cattail Cutgrass Roseau Cane Bullrush Maidencane Sedges Torpedo Grass Primrose $425 / gallon

26 Aquatic Herbicide: Imazamox Clearcast is a liquid imazamox formulation. It is a broad spectrum, systemic herbicide. An aquatic registered surfactant (see the label) is needed for application oz. per acre Cattails Bullrush Maidencane Sedges Torpedo Grass Primrose Alligator Weed Water Hyacinth Pickerelweed $ 350 / gallon

27 Aquatic Herbicide: Flumioxazin Clipper is a flumioxazin product and comes in a water dispersible granule which must be mixed in water first and then either sprayed or injected. It is a broad spectrum, contact herbicide. Contact herbicides act quickly. Flumioxazin should be applied to actively growing plants and a surfactant will be needed if the herbicide is applied foliage of floating or emergent plants. Water ph needs to be below 8.5 or flumioxazin will rapidly degrade and lose effectiveness ppb Primrose Alligator Weed Pennywort Filamen. Algae Salvinia Coontail Naiad Pondweed Hydrilla Water meal $ 950 / 5 lbs.

28 Aquatic Herbicides : Penoxsulam Galleon is a liquid penoxsulam formulation. It is a broad spectrum, systemic herbicide. Galleon may be sprayed directly onto emergent plants or applied directly into the water. Galleon should not be applied in areas where it will be diluted rapidly. Galleon will take days or longer to completely kill the target plants. Galleon will need a surfactant for foliar and exposed sediment applications. Duckweed Com. Salvinia Alligator Weed Water Hyacinth Primrose Hydrilla Naiad $700 per quart

29 Aquatic Herbicides : Fluridone Sonar, Avast, and Whitecap are fluridone compounds and comes in both liquid and granular formulations, and have been effective on coontail. These are broad spectrum, systemic herbicides. 1-2 pints per acre Duckweed Coontail Hydrilla Naiad Pondweed Water Milfoil $ / Pint

30 Aquatic Herbicides : Endothall Aquathol K, and Aquathol Super K are dipotassium salts of endothall and come in both liquid and granular formulations. These endothall products have been effective on coontail and other submerged plants can be mixed with copper compounds for additional effectiveness. Contact herbicide. 1 2 gallons per acre or 52 lbs per acre Pondweed Coontail Hydrilla Naiad Water Milfoil Parrotfeather $ 300 / 10 lbs. $ 130 / gallon

31 Aquatic Herbicides : Copper Sulfate Copper Sulfate or blue stone is probably the most commonly used algal treatments because of its availability and low cost. Copper sulfate comes in several forms depending on how finely it is ground. Smaller crystals will dissolve easier than larger crystals. In very hard water it is difficult to use copper sulfate because it binds with the calcium, precipitates out of solution, and renders the copper ineffective as an algaecide. $ 150 / 5o lbs The liquid formulation of chelated copper is available as Cutrine Plus, K-Tea, Captain, and Clearigate $ / gallon Musk weed Chara Fil. Algae Plankton Algae Naiad

32 Exotic species from Asia Requires a permit in many states and/or triploids Stocking Rate 5 to 20 per acre Prevent escapes Stock largest fish available Hydrilla Chara Naiad Duckweed Coontail Salvinia

33 Deepen shallow areas Slope banks No islands Expensive $$$$$

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